Exam 3 Week 7 Flashcards
Galactorrhea
The excessive flow of milk
galacto- = milk, -rrhea = flowing
galactostasis
Failure to release milk at appropriate times
galacto- = milk; -status = not moving
galactose and lactose
The two major sugars in milk
lacto- = milk, -ose = sugar
lactation
process of milk production
lacto- = milk,-ation = process
Aqueous Humor
Clear watery fluid in front chamber of eye
Aqua = Water
Biliary
Relating to bile production and excretion
Bili- = Bile
Bilirubin
Pigment produced by the liver processing red blood cell breakdown products
(Bili- = Bile)
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gall bladder
Chole- = Bile
Cholelith
Gall stone
Chole- = Bile
Chylomicron
Fat globule transported in blood or lymphatic fluid (turbid white or yellow “juice”)
(Chylo- = Juice)
Chylothorax
Accumulation of chyle (lymphatic fluid) in the chest
Chylo- = Juice
Coprophagous
Feeding on excrement
Copro- = Dung
Coprophagy
Habit of eating excrement
Copro- = Dung; -phagy = eating
Dacryoadenitis
Inflammation of tear gland
Dacryo- = Tear
Eleotherapy
Treatment internally or externally with oil
Eleo- = Oil; -therapy = treatment
Fecal
Referral to digestive waste
Feces = Refuse
Fecalith
A firm mass of digestive waste
Feces = Refuse
Flux
Discharge of large quantity of fluid from the body
Flux = To flow
Galactorrhea
Flow of milk
Galacto- = Milk
Galactose
A milk sugar
Galacto- = Milk; -ose = sugar
Cholecystagogue
Agent that causes gall bladder contraction
Gog-, -gogue = To make flow, leader
Hemocyte
Blood cell in invertebrates
Hemo-, Hema-, Hem- = Blood; -cyte =cell
Hemolysis
Breaking up of red blood cells
Hemo-, Hema-, Hem- = Blood
Hidrosis
Sweating
Hidro- = Sweat
Hidradenitis
Inflammation of sweat glands
Hidro- = Sweat; -aden- = gland; -itis = inflammation
Hydrocephalus
Accumulation of fluid in brain
Hydro-, Hydra- = Water
Hygroma
Cystic swelling containing watery fluid
Hygro- = Moisture
Hygroscopic
Retaining moisture
Hygro- = Moisture
Lactose
Milk sugar
Lacto- = Milk; -ose = sugar
Lactation
Process of producing milk
Lacto- = Milk; -ation = process
Lymphocyte
Primary cell in lymph (watery circulating body fluid)
Lympho- = Clear water; -cyte = cell
Lymphedema
Swelling of tissue due to obstruction of lymph channels
Lympho- = Clear water
Mucous
Related to a slimy substance
Muco- = Free slime
Mucosa
A mucous membrane
Muco- = Free slime
Myxedema
A firm swelling caused by accumulating slimy material between cells (mucopolysaccharides)
(Myxo- = Slimy; -edema = swelling)
Myxomatosis
Disease of rabbits caused by pox virus characterized by tumors of slimy material
(Myxo- = Slimy)
Plasmacytoma
Tumor of plasma cells, producer of plasma (clotting protein-containing fluid of blood)
(Plasma = Moldable (After clotting); -toma = tumor)
Plasmin
Enzyme in plasma that digests clots
(Myxo- = Slimy
Pyoderma
Skin disease causing pus in skin
Pyo- = Pus; -derma = skin
Pyometra
Pus collecting in the uterus
Pyo- = Pus
Rhinorrhea
Runny nose
-rrhea = Flow
Diarrhea
Frequent and excessive evacuation of watery feces
-rrhea = Flow
Sanguineous
Relating to loss of blood
Sangui- = blood
Serum
Resulting fluid of blood after a clot forms
Serum = Whey
Serosanguineous
A fluid with aspects of both serum and blood caused by a disease
(Serum = Whey)
Sialocele
Cyst containing saliva (also called a ranula)
Sialo- = Saliva
Sialoadenitis
Inflammation of a salivary gland
Sialo- = Saliva; -aden- = gland; -itis = inflammation
Sputum
Spit
Stercorous
Relating to excrement
Sterco- = Dung
Sudoriferous
Producing sweat
Sudor = Sweat
Acetabulum
Wine glass-like socket of the hip joint
Acet- = Vinegar, Sour wine
Acetaminophen
Pain reliever that contains an acetyl group, related to acetic acid (vinegar)
(Acet- = Vinegar, Sour wine)
Adipose
Fat tissue
Adipo- = Fat
Albuminuria
Protein in urine related to egg white protein
Albumen = Egg white; -uria = urine
Amygdaloid
Almond-shaped group of nerve cells in primitive part of the brain
(Amygdale = Almond)
Amyloid
A protein combined with a starch
Amylo- = Starch
Amylase
enzyme that breaks down starch
Amylo- = Starch; -ase = enzyme
Casein
Milk protein found in cheese
Caseus = Cheese
Caseous
Dying tissue that begins to look like cheese (common with tuberculosis)
(Caseus = Cheese)
Creatine
Compound formed for energy storage in muscle
Creat- = Meat, Flesh
Creatinine
Waste product of protein metabolism excreted in urine
Creat- = Meat, Flesh
Farinaceous
Consisting of starch
Farina = Flour, Meal
Glycogen
Sugar molecules linked together
Glyco- = Sweet
Glycogenolytic
Something that breaks up the sugar links in glycogen
Glyco- = Sweet
Hordeolum
Barleycorn-like swelling of the upper eyelid caused by a plugged eyelid gland (called a sty)
(Hordeolum = Barley corn)
Hyperkalemia
Excessive potassium in the blood
Kalium = Ash, Potassium; hyper = excessive
Hypokalemia
Insufficient potassium in the blood
Kalium = Ash, Potassium; hypo = lacking
Lecithin
A nutrient (phospholipid) from egg yolk (also found in the protective lining of nerves, myelin)
(Lecitho- = Egg yolk)
Lipoma
tumor of fat tissue
Lipo- = Fat, -oma = tumor
Liposuction
removal of excess fat by a needle and suction
Lipo- = Fat
Hypernatremia
Excess sodium in blood
Natrium = Sodium; hyper = Excess
Natriuresis
Loss of sodium in urine
Natrium = Sodium
Nutrient
Food for the body
Nutri- = Nourish
Nutritious
Providing energy and building substances for the body
Nutri- = Nourish
Phagocyte
A cell that engulfs (eats) invaders or debris to be removed from the body
(Phago- = Eat; -cyte = cell)
Dysphagia
Difficulty in eating
Phago- = Eat
Pica
Desire to eat things that are unfit for food
Pica = Magpie
Pimelorthopnea
Too fat to breathe laying down
Pimelo- = Lard
Placental
Referring to the large flat membranes that nourish young in the uterus
(Placenta = Flat cake)
Proteolytic
Something that breaks down proteins
Proteo- = Protein
Saccharine
Relating to sweetness
Saccharo- = Sugar
Sebaceous
Relating to an oily/fatty secretion of skin oil glands
Sebum = Solidified fat, Grease
Seborrhea
skin disease characterized by excessive oiliness
Sebum = Solidified fat, Grease
Siderocyte
Red blood cell containing granules of free iron
Sidero- = Iron; -cyte = cell
Steatitis
Inflammation of fat
Steato- = Fat; -itis = inflammation
Steatorrhea
Greasy, watery feces
(When the pancreas is diseased and does not produce lipase, bowel movements are passed that appear greasy with undigested fat. This sign of disease is called steatorrhea)
(Steato- = Fat; -rrhea = flowing)
Synovial
Referring to an egg white surface of joints, tendon sheaths, and bursae
(Synovia = Egg white)
Synovitis
inflammation of synovial membranes
Synovia = Egg white; -itis = inflammation
Tyrosine
Amino acid from cheese, breakdown product of casein
Tyro- = Cheese
Tyrophagus
Species of mites, name means “cheese eater”
Tyro- = Cheese
Vitelline
Pertaining to the yolk of eggs or an embryo’s yolk
Vitellus = Egg yolk
Enzyme
Any protein that catalyzes chemical reactions without being destroyed or altered (as in yeast fermenting starches)
(-zyme = yeast)
Analgesia
Blocking pain perception without altering consciousness
Algos, -algia = pain
Neuralgia
Pain from nerve fibers
Algos, -algia = pain
Proctalgia
Pain from anus or rectum
Algos, -algia = pain
Angina
A spasmotic, choking type of pain
(Angina pectoris is a pain from lack of blood to the heart muscle)
(Angere = Sore throat)
Dolorimetry
Measurement of pain
Dolor- = Pain; -metry = measure
Colic
Acute abdominal pain
Kolikos = Pain in abdomen
Nociceptor
Pain receptor of nerves
Noci-, Nocere = Hurt, Pain
Pleurodynia
Pain from the muscles between ribs
-Odynia = Pain
Mastodynia
Pain in the breast
-Odynia = Pain
Ponograph
Instrument to measure pain in contracting muscle
Pono- = Fatigue, Pain
NSAIDs
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
arthritis
inflammation in joints
arthr- = joint, -itis = inflammation
arthralgia
pain in joints
arthr- = joint; -algia = pain
myalgia
muscle pain
myo- = muscle; -algia = pain
inflammation
redness and swelling with heat and pain
pancreas
digestive organ without a hollow center (“all meat”) near the stomach and upper small intestine
pan- = all; -creas = meat, muscle)
lipase
produced to facilitate digestion of dietary fat.
lipo- = fat; -ase = enzyme, breakdown
lipolysis
Failure to absorb fat from the digestive system leads to the mobilization of stored body fat (lipolysis)
(lysis = breaking up)
Anesthesia
lack of sensation or feeling
(Blocking the ability of a patient to feel, which is useful for performing surgery. Anesthesia can be to a part of the body, local anesthesia, or to the entire body, general anesthesia)
(esthesia- = sensation, feeling)
Hyperesthesia
An abnormal increase in sensitivity or feeling
esthesia- = sensation, feeling
Excoriation
Scratches or abrasions of the skin
Excoriae = to flay
libido
sexual desire
libido = sexual desire
Misogyny
Hatred of woman
Miso- = Hatred
Nausea
Feeling of sickness in stomach leading to vomiting
nausia = seasickness
Palliative
Affording relief but not a cure
(Palliative care = The treatments given to patients with incurable cancer are intended to soothe the patient and mask signs of disease)
(Palliat- = cloak, soothe)
Photophobia
Sensitive to (afraid of) light
Phobos = Fear
Hydrophobia
Fear of water (this has been considered a sign of rabies)
Phobos = Fear
Placebo
An inactive (dummy, control) medical treatment
(Placebo effect = a perceived beneficial effect caused by expectations of a treatment rather than the treatment itself, as much as 30% of humans treated may report a benefit from sugar pills or sterile water if they think the treatment is medication instead of a placebo)
(Placebo = to please)
Satiety
Full gratification of appetite or thirst
Satiety = Sufficiency
dysthymia
depression
-thymia = Mind, Emotions
Androgen
A substance that promotes masculinization
Andro- = Man
Anthropomorphism
Attributing human form or characteristics to non-human’s
Anthropo- = Man
Anthropology
Study of the origins of humans
Anthropo- = Man; -ology = study of
Atavism
Acquiring a genetic trait from a remote ancestor
Atavus = grandfather
Endemic
A disease prevalent to a particular location
(When a disease is native to a place,)
(-demic = people)
Epidemic
A rapidly spreading disease of humans in the same area, at the same time (an animal epidemic is an epizootic)
(when a disease affects multiple people at the same time.)
(-demic = people)
Pandemic
World-wide human disease outbreak
-demic = people
Gamete
A sperm or ova
Gameto- = Husband and Wife
Gametogenesis
Production of a sperm or ova
Gameto- = Husband and Wife; -genesis = production
Genetics
Study of heredity
Genos = Family, Offspring
Genodermatosis
Genetic origin (inherited) skin disease
Genos = Family, Offspring
Gynecology
Study of diseases of the woman’s genital tract
Gynec- = Woman; -ology = Study of
Gynecomastia
Woman-like development of breast tissue in a man
(Gynec- = Woman
Parthenogenesis
Virgin born, not resulting from a mating
Parthenos = Virgin
Phylum
A primary division in the animal kingdom
Phylon = Tribe
Presbyopia
Aging change in eye accommodation, far-sighted
Presby- = Old man
Puberty
Time of adult sex characteristics and reproduction
Pubertas = Adult Sexual Characteristics
Puerperal
Pertaining to the mother of a newborn
Puer = Child
Allokinesis
Involuntary movement (reflex or passive)
Allo- = Other
Allograft
Transplant with donor of the same species, but a different genetic makeup
(Allo- = Other)
Allele
One of a matched pair of genes at like locations on a chromosome with the same function
(Allelo- = Like each other)
Allelotaxis
Development of an organ from tissues of different origin (example- adrenal gland)
(Allelo- = Like each other)
Anomaly
Deviation from the normal
Anomalo- = Irregular, Not ordinary
Anomalous
Deviating from a general rule
Anomalo- = Irregular, Not ordinary
Autogenous
Originating from the same individual that receives it (a tissue graft or a vaccine)
(Auto- = Self)
Autoimmune
The immune system become sensitized against its own tissue
Auto- = Self
Idiopathic
Relating to an illness of unknown cause
Idio- = Self produced
Idiosyncracy
A structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual
(Idio- = Self produced)
Nomenclature
A classification of names
Nomen- = Name
Proprioception
Sensing stimuli (position or movement) from one’s own body
Proprio- = Self
Comatose
Unconsciousness when patient cannot be aroused - with no response to stimuli (worse than stuporous)
(Coma = Deep sleep)
Hypnosis
Sleep-like condition with heightened suggestibility
Hypno- = Sleep
Hypnotic
inducing sleep
Hypno- = Sleep
Carotid
Principal artery of the neck (compression of both carotids causes a loss of consciousness)
(Karotis = Sleep)
Narcosis
Reversible depression and insensitivity
Narco- = Numbness, Stupor
Narcotic
An agent that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor
(Narco- = Numbness, Stupor)
REM
rapid eye movement ; period of sleep when dreams occur
Somnolence
Excessive drowsiness or sleepiness
Somni- = Sleep
Soporific
Causing profound sleep
Sopor- = Deep Sleep
Stupor
reduced or suspended sensibility, numbness
Stupere = Stunned
nosocomial
infections are those acquired in a hospital
iatrogenic diseases
diseases caused by a physician
concussion
A blow to the head can cause mild brain injury called a concussion (Lt- concussus = to strike together) or severe brain injury. Either can produce symptoms that are similar to sleepiness or sleep.
Obtunded
decreased alertness and interest in surroundings, slowed responses
Stuporous
sleep-like but not unconscious, responds to stimuli (worse than obtunded)
