Exam 4 Study Guide Immunology Flashcards
How are the circulatory and lymphatic systems related?
-Circulatory delivered blood, gases, and liquid to extremities and returns for waste disposal.
-Lymphatic systems returns liquid from extremities and provides an additional system for immune cells to travel through.
What types of cells are involved in the immune response?
-Leukocytes
-Phagocytes
-Lymphocytes
Leukocytes
-all white blood cells
Phagocytes
-Macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils (PMNs)
Lymphocytes
-T cells, B cells, which differentiate to plasma cells
How do phagocytic cells recognize foreign bodies (pathogens) in the host?
-PRRs (pattern Recognition Receptor) recognize PAMPS (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern)
How do phagocytic cells destroy pathogens?
-Uptake into phagolysosome, lysozyme, oxygen and nitrogen radicals = “respiratory burst”
What are the three characteristics of your body’s specific immune response?
-Specificity
-Memory
-Tolerance
What are the type of receptor molecules that are used to bind antigens and what types of cells are they?
-T-cell receptor
-B-cell receptor = membrane-bound antibodies
-MHC 1 presents potential antigens on every nucleated cell in the body
-MHC 2 presents potential antigens on phagocytes and B Cells
How does a T-cytotoxic cell receive information and destroy antigen-presenting cells?
-Antigen bound in MHC1.
-Release of granules to attack infected cell via apoptosis.
What are the two types of T-helper cells?
-TH1
-TH2
How does T-helper cell TH1 function to activate macrophage and B-cell?
-TH1 cells recognize phagocytes presenting antigen in MHCII.
-Then release cytokines to stimulate
=Migration of more immune cells to the area and
=Greater activity of immune cells i.e. greater phagocytosis
How does T-helper cell TH2 function to activate macrophage and B-cell?
-TH2 cells recognize B cells presenting antigen in MHCII. Release cytokines to stimulate B cells to
=Divide
=Differentiate to plasma cells for large scale antibody production
=Differentiate to memory cells for future rapid response to same pathogen
What is the basic structure of antibody/immunoglobulin?
-Two heavy chain protein and two light chain proteins, all held together by disulfide bonds.
-Each protein has constant region that determine standard interactions with immune cells and variable regions that determine interaction with diverse antigens
What is primary immune response?
-Primary takes a week to really ramp up and is limited to the time requires to eliminate the antigen from the body.
-Primarily involves IgM,
-Does require TH2 cell interaction with B cell.
