Exam 4 Review Sheet Flashcards
social cognition
thinking about the perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of others
theory of mind
understanding that people have mental states (like desire, beliefs) that guide behavior
false belief task
assess understanding that people can hold incorrect beliefs and be influenced by them
perspective-taking
ability to adopt other people’s perspectives and understand their thoughts and feelings in relation to ones own
empathy
vicarious exeriencing of other peopls feelings
attachment
strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion
lorenz/gosling/imprinting
observed imprinting (innate form of learning in which an animal young becomes attached to moving object) when the goselings followed him around shortly after birth
stranger anxiety. what age does it occur?
a wary or fretful reaction seen in infants 8-10 months when approached by an unfamiliar person
separation anxiety. what age?
fretful reaction that infants display when separated from their mother (14-18 months)
nuclear family
2 generations of father/mother and child
sandwich generation
when you have older parents and younger child to take care of
developmental psychopathology
-study of abnormal behavior from a developmental perspective
- study maladaptive vs normal development
- how do disorders arise and how does their expression change as the individual develops?
- psychopathology as a lifespan, interdisciplinary, and systems perspective
biological death
when there is total brain death, which is the loss of functioning of entire brain (both higher cerebral cortex centers and lower centers controlling basic life processes)
grief work perspective
in order to cope with death, the bereaved must confront loss
What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development? Which stage is not as relavant now?
Level 1 Preconventional morality = rules are external to the self
- Stage 1 Punishment-obedience orientation: good/badness of an act depends on the consequences
- Stage 2 instrumental hedonism: conform to rules for personal gain
Level 2 Conventional morality = individual internalized moral values
- stage 3 good boy/girl mentality: what is right is what is appeased by others
- stage 4 authority & social order maintaining morality: what is right is what conforms to the rules of society
Level 3 post-conventional morality = thinks in term of broad social justice outside of authority figues
- stage 5 morality of contract, individual rights, & democratically accepted law: “social contract” purpose of the laws maximize social welfare
- stage 6 morality of individual principles of conscience: defines right and wrong based on personal principles
post conventional stage
Name and discuss the 4 parenting styles.
- authoritarian parenting: restrictive parenting style combining high demanding-ness/control and low acceptance/responsiveness. set clear rules, expect strict obedience, and never explain. they rely on power tactics like punishment
- authoritative parenting: more flexible, demanding, and exerting control but sensitive to their children. they set clear rules but also explain them and involve children in the conversation
- permissive parenting: high in acceptance/responsiveness by low in demandingness/control. few rules/demands and rarely exert control. encourage children to express their feelings
- neglectful parenting: low demandingness/control and acceptance/responsiveness. uninvolved in childrens upbringing
What are the 5 stages of Elisabeth Kubler Ross dying? what 6th response to dying did she offer? What is the biggest criticism of her stages?
- denial - a defense mechanism in which anxiety-provoking thought are kept out of conscious awareness
- anger - rage and resentment directed to anyone deemed responsible
- bargaining - begs from some concession from god, family members, medical professionals for more time wih loved ones, etc
- depression - depression. despair, sense of hopelessness become the predominant emotional responses
- acceptance - accept the inevitability of death in a calm and peaceful manner
- hope - terminally ill patients retain some sense of hope, even if it is to die with dignity
criticism: dying process is not simple and stage like. different people have different reactions.
depression
mood disorder characterized by at least 1 episode of feeling profoundly sad and hopeless, losing interest in all activities or both.
Autism
condition involving social and communications problems and restricted interests and repetitive behavior
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
disorder characterized by attentional difficulties, or overactive impulsive behavior or both
bulimia nervosa
eating disorder characterized by recurrent eating binges followed by purging behavior such as vomitting
No man is an island. We are all _____.
interconnected
At birth, _____ is a special bond, which involves attachment to the caregiver.
skin to skin contact
The eldery needs _____ as much as young people do.
social support
Psychopathology disorders need to be viewed as a _____ and _____ process.
lifespan and nuerodevelopment
The phrase_____ was coined by G Stanley Hall, founder of _____ and depicts the _____ years. This phrase has been with us since _____.
The phrase storm and stress was coined by G Stanley Hall, founder of developmental psychology and depict the adolescent years. This phrase has been with us since 1904.
Biological death is a _____, not a single event.
process
euthanasia
hastening (either actively or passively) the death of someone with an incurable terminal illness
assisted suicide
helping an individual who wants to die achieve suicide, such as be given enough drugs for an overdose by a medical professional
living will
a document stating that they do not want to be provided with extreme medical measures to avoid death
advance directive
legal document stating what kind of medical care they want if medical decisions cannot be made by his/herself
Terri Schiavo case
suffered massive brain damage that resulted in permanent unconsciousness
- but brain stem allowed her to breathe and carry out physiological functions
- husband wanted to remove feeding tube but family did not
- court ruled the tube to be taken out
Karen Ann Quinlan case
- led her into a vegetative state
- parents requested the removal of ventilator but the medical professionals refused
- court ruled that ventilator can be removed
