Exam 4 Review Sheet

Question 1

social cognition

Answer 1

thinking about the perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors of others

Question 2

theory of mind

Answer 2

understanding that people have mental states (like desire, beliefs) that guide behavior

Question 3

false belief task

Answer 3

assess understanding that people can hold incorrect beliefs and be influenced by them

Question 4

perspective-taking

Answer 4

ability to adopt other people’s perspectives and understand their thoughts and feelings in relation to ones own

Question 5

empathy

Answer 5

vicarious exeriencing of other peopls feelings

Question 6

attachment

Answer 6

strong affectional tie that binds a person to an intimate companion

Question 7

lorenz/gosling/imprinting

Answer 7

observed imprinting (innate form of learning in which an animal young becomes attached to moving object) when the goselings followed him around shortly after birth

Question 8

stranger anxiety. what age does it occur?

Answer 8

a wary or fretful reaction seen in infants 8-10 months when approached by an unfamiliar person

Question 9

separation anxiety. what age?

Answer 9

fretful reaction that infants display when separated from their mother (14-18 months)

Question 10

nuclear family

Answer 10

2 generations of father/mother and child

Question 11

sandwich generation

Answer 11

when you have older parents and younger child to take care of

Question 12

developmental psychopathology

Answer 12

-study of abnormal behavior from a developmental perspective

• study maladaptive vs normal development
• how do disorders arise and how does their expression change as the individual develops?
• psychopathology as a lifespan, interdisciplinary, and systems perspective

Question 13

biological death

Answer 13

when there is total brain death, which is the loss of functioning of entire brain (both higher cerebral cortex centers and lower centers controlling basic life processes)

Question 14

grief work perspective

Answer 14

in order to cope with death, the bereaved must confront loss

Question 15

What are Kohlberg’s stages of moral development? Which stage is not as relavant now?

Answer 15

Level 1 Preconventional morality = rules are external to the self

• Stage 1 Punishment-obedience orientation: good/badness of an act depends on the consequences
• Stage 2 instrumental hedonism: conform to rules for personal gain

Level 2 Conventional morality = individual internalized moral values

• stage 3 good boy/girl mentality: what is right is what is appeased by others
• stage 4 authority & social order maintaining morality: what is right is what conforms to the rules of society

Level 3 post-conventional morality = thinks in term of broad social justice outside of authority figues

• stage 5 morality of contract, individual rights, & democratically accepted law: “social contract” purpose of the laws maximize social welfare
• stage 6 morality of individual principles of conscience: defines right and wrong based on personal principles

post conventional stage

Question 16

Name and discuss the 4 parenting styles.

Answer 16

1. authoritarian parenting: restrictive parenting style combining high demanding-ness/control and low acceptance/responsiveness. set clear rules, expect strict obedience, and never explain. they rely on power tactics like punishment
2. authoritative parenting: more flexible, demanding, and exerting control but sensitive to their children. they set clear rules but also explain them and involve children in the conversation
3. permissive parenting: high in acceptance/responsiveness by low in demandingness/control. few rules/demands and rarely exert control. encourage children to express their feelings
4. neglectful parenting: low demandingness/control and acceptance/responsiveness. uninvolved in childrens upbringing

Question 17

What are the 5 stages of Elisabeth Kubler Ross dying? what 6th response to dying did she offer? What is the biggest criticism of her stages?

Answer 17

1. denial - a defense mechanism in which anxiety-provoking thought are kept out of conscious awareness
2. anger - rage and resentment directed to anyone deemed responsible
3. bargaining - begs from some concession from god, family members, medical professionals for more time wih loved ones, etc
4. depression - depression. despair, sense of hopelessness become the predominant emotional responses
5. acceptance - accept the inevitability of death in a calm and peaceful manner
6. hope - terminally ill patients retain some sense of hope, even if it is to die with dignity

criticism: dying process is not simple and stage like. different people have different reactions.

Question 18

depression

Answer 18

mood disorder characterized by at least 1 episode of feeling profoundly sad and hopeless, losing interest in all activities or both.

Question 19

Autism

Answer 19

condition involving social and communications problems and restricted interests and repetitive behavior

Question 20

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Answer 20

disorder characterized by attentional difficulties, or overactive impulsive behavior or both

Question 21

bulimia nervosa

Answer 21

eating disorder characterized by recurrent eating binges followed by purging behavior such as vomitting

Question 22

No man is an island. We are all _____.

Answer 22

interconnected

Question 23

At birth, _____ is a special bond, which involves attachment to the caregiver.

Answer 23

skin to skin contact

Question 24

The eldery needs _____ as much as young people do.

Answer 24

social support

Question 25

Psychopathology disorders need to be viewed as a _____ and _____ process.

Answer 25

lifespan and nuerodevelopment

Question 26

The phrase_____ was coined by G Stanley Hall, founder of _____ and depicts the _____ years. This phrase has been with us since _____.

Answer 26

The phrase storm and stress was coined by G Stanley Hall, founder of developmental psychology and depict the adolescent years. This phrase has been with us since 1904.

Question 27

Biological death is a _____, not a single event.

Answer 27

process

Question 28

euthanasia

Answer 28

hastening (either actively or passively) the death of someone with an incurable terminal illness

Question 29

assisted suicide

Answer 29

helping an individual who wants to die achieve suicide, such as be given enough drugs for an overdose by a medical professional

Question 30

living will

Answer 30

a document stating that they do not want to be provided with extreme medical measures to avoid death

Question 31

advance directive

Answer 31

legal document stating what kind of medical care they want if medical decisions cannot be made by his/herself

Question 32

Terri Schiavo case

Answer 32

suffered massive brain damage that resulted in permanent unconsciousness

• but brain stem allowed her to breathe and carry out physiological functions
• husband wanted to remove feeding tube but family did not
• court ruled the tube to be taken out

Question 33

Karen Ann Quinlan case

Answer 33

• led her into a vegetative state
• parents requested the removal of ventilator but the medical professionals refused
• court ruled that ventilator can be removed