Chapter 12 Gender Roles and Sexuality

Question 1

_____ produce genitalia in males and females

Answer 1

hormones

Question 2

_____ impact prenatal hormone levels.

Answer 2

sex chromosomes

Question 3

Describe the feminine gender role. (5)

Answer 3

-communality, connectedness to others, emotionality, sensitivity, preparation for role as wife and mother

Question 4

Describe the male gender role. (6)

Answer 4

independence, assertiveness, competitiveness, role as father (protecting/preparing family)

Question 5

The difference in _____ ability is slightly higher in females.

Answer 5

verbal ability

Question 6

Females outperform males on _____, and males outpreform females on _____ and _____.

Answer 6

reading tasks, spatial ability, math

Question 7

Girls (6) vs Boys (3) - gender roles what are they each better at doing?

Answer 7

Girls

• greater memory abilities.
• advantages at remembering object location.
• advantage at recalling facial features.
• advantage in odor recognition.
• tactful, cooperative, compliant
• prone to anxiety disorders, depression, phobias

Boys

• engages in physical and verbal aggression, starting as early as 17 months.
• more physically active and hyperactive.
• more developmentally vulnerable

Question 8

Are there a lot of differences between boys and girls at birth, other than anatomical ones?

Answer 8

little difference

Question 9

How are infants raised based on sex, at birth? What is their differential treatment? What about the toys they are given? As a result, what do infants develop?

Answer 9

• immediately labeled (stereotyped) as girls and boys after birth&raquo_space; affects how they are treated
• differential treatment (boys as strong and coordinated, girls as weaker and awkward)
• trucks vs girls
• begin early categorization of the sexes and figure out which sex they are

Question 10

At 24 mo, infants looks more at the same/different sex.

Answer 10

same

Question 11

Young children rapidly acquire _____. They show tendencies to favor _____ activities and behaviors. Child learns gender and stereotypes around the time they become aware of their _____. At 4-6 they ____ and at 8 or 9 yo they _____.

Answer 11

• acquire gender stereotypes
• favor gender-appropriate activities
• become aware of their basic gender identity
• at 4-6 rigid adherence to gender norms and more flexible at age 8 or 9

Question 12

Do adolescents adhere to gender roles? What do they do to people who violate these norms?

Answer 12

• yes, they are intolerant of gender-role violations

- make negative judgment about peers who violate rules

Question 13

What is gender intensification?

Answer 13

sex differences magnified at puberty due to hormonal changes and pressure to conform

Question 14

How are transgender youth treated?

Answer 14

bullying, harassment, verbal abuse

Question 15

_____ is part of establishing sexual identity. It involves resolving _____.

Answer 15

attaining sexual maturity

erikson’s conflict of identity vs role confusion

Question 16

Gender roles become more distinct when _____.

Answer 16

adults marry and have children

husband/wide, father/mother roles

Question 17

Adults have greater flexibility in gender roles once _____.

Answer 17

children are grown

Question 18

True or false. Many elderly enjoy active sex life.

Answer 18

true