Exam 3 Review Sheet Flashcards
intelligence
thinking or adaptive behavior
Psychometric approach. What is it also known as?
- focused on measurement of intelligence
- also known as trait theory
spearmen theory
2 factor theory that focused on general and specific mental ability
Define fluid intelligence. What are some examples? What age group is it more applicable to?
- actively solving problems
- verbal analogies & geometric figures
- younger adults (like us)
Define crystallized intelligence. What are some examples? What age group is it more applicable to?
- knowledge acquired through experience
- general info, word comprehension, numeric abilities
- adults (like professor)
flynn effect
IQ scores increased 3-4 points per decade since 20th century seen in adolescents
lanugage
communication system of sounds, letters, gestures combined upon rules
prosody
how sounds are produced.
melody of speech, such as tone
Define tip of the tongue experience. What age group is more applicable?
- when something is on your mind but can’t get it out
- common in adults
Define holophrases. Who uses them?
- single word sentences
- seen in infants
biological sex
physical characteristics that define male and female
gender
features society deems “appropriate” for men or women
gender roles
patterns of behavior for males and females expected by society
gender role norms
what males and females “should” be like
gender role stereotype
overgeneralizations of what females and males are like
Define telegraphic speech. Who uses it?
- early combination of a couple of words into sentences like telegrams
- infant
What are the 3 parts of the Bayley scale of development? What age group does it measure? What was the finding?
- motor, mental, behavioral record scale
- 1-42 mo yo
- low correlation between DQ and IQ
savant syndrome
extraordinary talent in intellectually disabled person
giftedness
IQ at least 130
personality (4)
unique combination of attributes, motives, values, behaviors that makeup an individual
The big 5 model of personality. What are the 5 personality traits? What characterizes them? (3)
- neuroticism - emotional stability
- extraversion - drawing energy from others
- openness to experience - adventurous
- agreeableness - willingness to get along
- conscientiousness - cognizant of other people
- traits geneticaly determined and merge early in life (relatively enduring)
- traits seem universal
- traits vary in culture in the way they are expressed
Name 3 different types of intelligence test
- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale - compares a child’s mental age (MA) with chronological age (CA) and calculates an intelligence quotient (IQ). modified Binet and Simons test.
- Bayley Scales - designed for toddlers 1-42 mo, that tests motor, mental, and behavioral development. x
- Wechsler Scales - yields a verbal (vocab, general knowledge) and performance (puzzels, mazes) IQ score. Bell shaped curve. 2/3 between 85 and 115, , 3% above 130.
* 3 versions (4 = 3-8 yo, 5 = 6-16 yo, 6 = adults)*
phoneme
basic unit of sound
ex. /b/ as in bit
morpheme
basic unit of meaning that exists in a word
ex. view = one morpheme, preview = two morphemes
syntax
systematic rules for the formation of sentences
semantics
meaning of words, symbols, or sentences
pragmatics
rules for specifying how language is appropriately used in different social context
Discuss Howard Gardener’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (9). What does it say?
- linguistic - finding words to express what you mean
- logical-mathematical - quantifying things, making hypotheses, and proving them
- musical - discerning sounds, pitch, tone, rhythm
- spatial - visualizing the world in 3D
- bodily-kinesthetic - coordinating mind with body
- interpersonal - sensing peoples feelings
- intrapersonal - understanding self
- existential - tackling the questions of why we live and die
- naturalistic - understanding nature
-rejects single IQ model, many types of intelligence not found on a test
Marcia believed that _____ and _____ are necessary for identity achievement.
crisis, commitment
Chomsky’s theory
humans have a unique genetic capacity to learn language
Name 3 factors that contribute to sexual assault on college campuses.
alcohol consumption, culture of “hooking up”, fraternity & athletic subcultures
Name 3 sexually transmitted infections and define their cause and describe their symptoms.
- Chlamydia
- caused by bacteria
- Few or no symptoms. When there are: discharge from vagina/penis, burning with urination, and lower abdominal pain. - Trichomoniasis
- caused by parasite
- Few or no symptoms. When there are: itching genital area, painful urination/intercourse, lower abdominal pain - Genital Herpes
- caused by herpes simplex.
- genital discharge, itching/burning, blisters in genital & anal region
androgyny
having both feminine and masculine stereotyped traits
At what age is personality traits fairly stable by?
4
IQ scores predict high school or college success?
high school
self-esteem
evaluation of self-worth/how good am I?
self-concept
perceptions of own characteristics/how do you think about yourself
self-image
mental picture of yourself
What is the normal IQ range? For retardation? For giftedness?
90-110, <75, >130
What is Sternberg’s definition of creativity?
ability to produce novel responses that is valued by others
What are the components of language? (6)
phoneme, morpheme, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, prosody
aphasia
can understand but cannot repeat information
Name the 5 stages of Adopting Transgender Identity
- pre-coming out: children are confused as to why they do not fit into the female or male categories
- coming out: individuals realize that they are transgender
- exploration: learning as much as possible of what being transgender means
- intimacy: learn how to develop positive intimate relationships
- identity integration: union of one’s private and public self
identity
overall sense one’s self
personality often includes _____ and _____.
self-concept, self-esteem
