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physiological psychology > exam 4: psychopharmacology > Flashcards

exam 4: psychopharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the types of antidepressants?

A

SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, serotonin agonists

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2
Q

how much does humira cost the U.S. vs Canada?

A

$6,992, $1,950

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3
Q

t or f: generics are normally cheaper than original patented drug

A

true

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4
Q

what is double-blind research?

A

neither the participants nor the researchers know which treatment or intervention each participant is receiving

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5
Q

type of anti-depressant

  • block certain 5-HT receptors to redirect to other receptors
A

serotonin antagonists

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6
Q

how many drugs are approved for human use?

A

22%

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7
Q

what happens to a person at BAL 0.08?

A

negatively impacts hippocampus, unpredictably affects memory (blackouts)

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8
Q

what are examples of morphine and heroin?

A

endorphins and fentanyl

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9
Q

how much do generics for humira cost?

A

$995/m

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10
Q

are drugs ever tested for long term effects?

A

no

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11
Q

what is an active placebo?

A

a placebo “drug” or “vaccine” that mimics the side effects or other characteristics of the actual drug/vaccine

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12
Q

___________ drug effects:

  • blocks synthesis of NT molecules
  • causes NT molecules to leak from vesicles and get destroyed by enzymes
  • blocks release of NT molecules from terminal button
  • activates auto-receptors and inhibits NT release
  • binds to post synaptic receptors and blocks effect of NT
A

antagonistic

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13
Q

drug that blocks the deactivation of NT molecules

A

agonistic

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14
Q

drug

  • CNS stimulant (monoamine agonist)
  • increase in DA in nucleus accumbens (lead to euphoria, pleasure, addiction)
  • Adderall (DA and NE reuptake inhibitor)
  • increase in 5-HT (decrease ability to regulate behavior in prefrontal cortex, increase drug-seeking behavior)
  • negative effects of cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract
A

amphetamines

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15
Q

drug

  • matches anandamide receptors
  • monoamine agonist (increase effectiveness of 5-HT, DA, NE)
  • decrease function of prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, basal ganglia
  • decrease self-control, learning/memory, balance, reaction time, complicated task performance
A

marijuana

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16
Q

what are the testing paradigms for drug approval?

A

animal models first then clinical trials with humans, starts with healthy volunteers first and then volunteers from the target clinical population

17
Q

how much do generics for SSRI’s cost?

A

$30-$50/m

18
Q

drug

  • CNS stimulant (monoamine agonist)
  • increase in DA in nucleus accumbens (lead to euphoria, pleasure, addiction)
  • increase in 5-HT (decrease ability to regulate behavior in prefrontal cortex, increase drug-seeking behavior)
  • negative effects of cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract
A

cocaine

19
Q

drug

  • natural plant pesticide
  • mild stimulant
  • blocks adenosine receptors (increase alertness)
  • slight increase in Epi, DA (increase in Epi leads to jitters)
A

caffeine

20
Q

drug

  • binds with Ach receptors
  • increases heart rate/blood pressure
  • increases DA release in nucleus accumbens
    - pleasure and addiction
    - hijacks pleasure mechanism
A

nicotine

21
Q

drug for anti-stress and anxiety

  • amobarbital, phenobarbital, etc.
  • increases sensitivity to GABA
  • increases DA release in nucleus accumbens
    - pleasure and addiction
A

barbiturates

22
Q

what are generics?

A

drug created after patent for a new drug expires (often up to 20 years)

23
Q

what happens to a person at BAL 0.15?

A

hippocampus shuts down, leaving a total lack of memory (some people can still function but no memory)

24
Q

drug

  • synthetic opioid
  • increases 5-HT and DA in nucleus accumbens
  • analgesic, pain relief, anesthetic, pleasure and addiction
  • 100 times more potent than morphine; 50 times more than heroin
A

fentanyl

25
Q

___________ drug effects:

  • increases synthesis of NT molecules
  • increases number of NT molecules by destroying enzymes
  • increases release of NT molecules from terminal buttons
  • binds to auto receptors and blocks inhibitory effects of NT release
  • binds to postsynaptic receptors and either activates them or increases effect on them of NT
  • blocks degradation or reuptake
A

agonistic

26
Q

how much do SSRI’s cost in the U.S vs Canada?

A

$400-$500/month, $200

27
Q

what percentage of college students have experienced a blackout?

A

50%

28
Q

drug

  • increases sensitivity to GABA
  • dampens activity in prefrontal lobe (decrease inhibitions, less considering of consequences)
  • increases DA release in nucleus accumbens (pleasure and addiction)
  • decreases activity in amygdala (less fear)
  • negatively affects cerebellum (balance and coordination)
A

alcohol

29
Q

type of anti-depressant

  • antagonists for serotonin, histamine, and muscarinic Ach receptors
  • block sodium and calcium ion channels
A

tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs)

30
Q

drug that is a receptor blocker

A

antagonistic

31
Q

how much does insulin cost in the U.S. vs Canada?

A

$98, $12

32
Q

what is random assignment?

A

each participant each has an equal or random change to placed into the experiment or placebo group (get the drug or not)

33
Q

drug for anti-stress and anxiety

  • benzodiazepines (valium)
  • increases sensitivity to GABA
  • increases DA release in nucleus accumbens
    - pleasure and addiction
A

anxiolytics

34
Q

how long does it take for a drug to be approved at minimum?

A

6 years

35
Q

what are SSRIs?

A

anti-depression drugs

36
Q

what is humira?

A

a drug used to treat inflammatory conditions like psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis

37
Q

attributes of tobacco

A

carcinogen

decrease movement of cilia in lungs

38
Q

drug

  • increases 5-HT and DA in nucleus accumbens
  • analgesic, pain relief, pleasure and addiction
A

endorphins

physiological psychology (16 decks)

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