exam 3: vision

Question 1

where are the sensory receptors for humans (as well as most mammals)?

Answer 1

at the back of the eye, in the retina

Question 2

where are the sensory receptors for birds?

Answer 2

on the tops of the eye

Question 3

what is the wavelength range that humans are set up to see?

Answer 3

380nm - 750nm

Question 4

t or f: the length of the wave is what our brain interprets as color

Answer 4

true

Question 5

the place in the retina that gives humans the most focus, details, and acuity

Answer 5

fovea

Question 6

represents only about 1% of the entire retina but the neurons in that part of the retina contain 50% of transfer through the optic nerve and 50% of the processing withing the visual cortex

Answer 6

fovea

Question 7

where is the blind spot in humans?

Answer 7

where the optic nerve exits the eye because there are no more receptors

Question 8

t or f: what isn’t picked up visually, the brain fills in so that you never realize when anything is missing out of your FOV

Answer 8

true

Question 9

t or f: without receptors you don’t have vision

Answer 9

true

Question 10

what are the three major layers of the retina that convert light waves into action potentials?

Answer 10

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells

Question 11

layer in the retina that is light-sensitive, consist of rod and cones and send info to bipolar cells

Answer 11

photoreceptors

Question 12

what do rods detect?

Answer 12

light only (black/white)

Question 13

what do cones detect?

Answer 13

color

Question 14

layer in the retina that sends info to ganglion cells

Answer 14

bipolar cells

Question 15

layer in the retina that have axons that form the optic nerve

Answer 15

ganglion cells

Question 16

what are the two cells that allow parallel processing?

Answer 16

horizontal cells and amacrine cells

Question 17

t or f: the only thing in our eyes sensitive to light waves are receptors

Answer 17

true

Question 18

how many rods do our eyes have?

Answer 18

6-7 million

Question 19

what photoreceptor is known as daylight vision?

Answer 19

cones

Question 20

what photoreceptor is known as nighttime vision?

Answer 20

rods

Question 21

what photoreceptor has less well-focused vision?

Answer 21

rods

Question 22

what photoreceptor has the clearest vision at fovea and high acuity?

Answer 22

cones

Question 23

what are the components of photoreceptors?

Answer 23

lamellae and photopigments (opsin, retinal, rhodopsin)

Question 24

what are photopigments?

Answer 24

sensitive to light waves, three types: opsin, retinal, and rhodopsin

Question 25

opsin = …

Answer 25

protein

Question 26

retinal = …

Answer 26

fat (vitamin A)

Question 27

how is rhodopsin made?

Answer 27

during resting conditions, opsin and retinal bind together

Question 28

what needs to happen for resting conditions to be met?

Answer 28

photoreceptors become depolarized and leak glutamate, bipolar cells become hyperpolarized, and ganglion has a -70mV

Question 29

system in the parietal lobe

doesn’t tell us what objects are in space, just that they are there (creates visual space)

guidance of movement; tool use

spatial recognition

mirror neurons

attention

Answer 29

dorsal system

Question 30

what are mirror neurons and where are they found?

Answer 30

part of our ability to feel empathy, found in parietal lobe

Question 31

what is spatial recognition?

Answer 31

how we are able to recognize the space around us and how close or far we are form another object in space as we move or are still

Question 32

system in the temporal lobe

identifies objects in space, telling us what they are

recognizes people facial emotions

para-hippocampal place area

human recognition (fusiform face area)

extra striate body area

Answer 32

ventral system

Question 33

what is the fusiform face area?

Answer 33

in the temporal lobe, recognize the form of what a face should be at every possible angle, this is the reason we see faces in other objects

Question 34

what is the extra striate body area?

Answer 34

recognizes parts of the human body

Question 35

what is the para-hippocampal place area?

Answer 35

recognizes specific types of scenes or backgrounds