exam 1: brain: neurons and orientation

Question 1

the majority of our motor control is ? lateral.

Answer 1

contralateral

Question 2

how much neurons is it estimated that the brain is made up of?

Answer 2

86 billion

Question 3

describe a bipolar neuron.

Answer 3

often sensory and its makeup is specialized to speed up sensory processes

Question 4

what separates our brain from other mammals/animals?

Answer 4

the way our neurons connect in the brain, we have far more connections than any other animal we have looked at

Question 5

what are the functions of microglia?

Answer 5

housekeeping, pruning ; can be overactive and kill living neurons

immune system of the brain meaning that it recognizes invaders and breaks them down or rids of them

Question 6

why do seizures occur?

Answer 6

they occur when neurons don’t rest

Question 7

what are the different types of glial cells?

Answer 7

astrocytes, microglia, myelin sheath, oligodendrocyte (CNS), and Schwann cell (PNS)

Question 8

anatomical term that means top of the head, back of the head, back, and the back of the legs

Answer 8

dorsal

Question 9

what is a Schwann cell?

Answer 9

part of the (PNS), it is basically just one cell and one segment

Question 10

give an example of contralateral processing.

Answer 10

when controlling your right hand, that is largely done by the left half of the brain

Question 11

anatomical term that means toward the beak (nose) (towards the front part of the face)

Answer 11

rostral or anterior

Question 12

bodily plane that is horizontal to the ground (flat like holding a plate)

Answer 12

horizontal plane

Question 13

describe a multipolar interneuron.

Answer 13

common in the brain, in areas where there is a lot of neurons tightly packed together doing the same type of function

do not have an axon because they are only communicating with the other neurons in that tightly packed space not other parts of the brain or body

Question 14

t or f: we are a result of electrical-chemical events, this processing is what makes us human

Answer 14

true

Question 15

t or f: not every neuron is operating all at once, there is a balance and that is what keeps us alive

Answer 15

true

Question 16

parts of the body on opposite sides of the mid line (i.e. right arm to the left leg)

Answer 16

contralateral

Question 17

describe a unipolar neuron.

Answer 17

often motor and connects from other neurons in our nervous system

Question 18

what are the functions of astrocytes?

Answer 18

insulating neurons away from eachother

provides a supporting structure framework to keep the different things in t he brain in their respective places

housekeeping; getting rid of dying neurons

Question 19

bodily plane that intersects through the eyes, cuts through the head face first

Answer 19

sagittal plane

Question 20

anatomical term that means to the sides of the midline of the body or brain

Answer 20

lateral

Question 21

anatomical term that means toward the tail or toward the bottom part of the brain (toward the feet)

Answer 21

caudal or posterior

Question 22

name the parts of the neuron

Answer 22

dendrites, cell body (soma), axon, terminal button (including the synaptic vesicles)

Question 23

describe a multipolar neuron.

Answer 23

common in the brain, has a large cell body with many dendrites and one long axon and allows different parts of the brain to connect with other parts

Question 24

what are the four types of neurons?

Answer 24

unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, multipolar interneuron

Question 25

t or f: mammals have both ipsilateral and contralateral processing

Answer 25

true

Question 26

parts of the body that are on the same side of the midline (i.e. left leg and left arm)

Answer 26

ipsilateral

Question 27

anatomical term that means toward the midline of the body or brain

Answer 27

medial

Question 28

what is the myelin sheath?

Answer 28

an insulating layer; the little bulges covering the axon in segments

Question 29

anatomical term that means underneath the chin, chest, belly, and the front of legs

Answer 29

ventral

Question 30

t or f: cross section = frontal section = coronal plane

Answer 30

true

Question 31

what do the synaptic vesicles contain?

Answer 31

neurotransmitters (chemicals)

Question 32

what is an oligodendrocyte?

Answer 32

part of the CNS, can send out projections to any axons in the area and surround them providing only the myelin sheath