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OTC > Exam 4 - Diarrhea > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F): fluid and electrolyte imbalance leading to dehydration is the major complication of diarrheal illness

A

True

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2
Q

What can be an underlying cause of diarrhea?

A
  • traveling
  • foods that may have caused food poisoning
  • recent vacations in children
  • food intolerances
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3
Q

What is a vaccination that has an ADR of diarrhea?

A

Rotavirus vaccinations in infants may have a mild adverse effect of diarrhea

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4
Q

Loperamide adverse effects

A

Occasional dizziness
Constipation

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4
Q

Loperamide limit

A

Used for a MAXIMUM of 48 hours

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5
Q

What is the treatment of choice for mild-moderate dehydration diarrhea?

A

Fluid and electrolyte replacement w/ oral rehydration solutions

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6
Q

What is the preferred agent when vomiting is the predominant clinical symptom of acute gastroenteritis?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

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6
Q

Loperamide RARE adverse effects

A

Fatigue
Dry mouth
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Abdominal distention
Nausea
Hypersensitivity reactions

(Frank Drives A VAN Home)

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7
Q

What did the FDA say in 2016 can be caused by taking a higher than recommended dosage of loperamide?

A

Serious heart problems that can lead to death

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7
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate adverse effects

A

Harmless black staining of stool
Darkening of tongue

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8
Q

What increases cardiovascular risk in patients who take loperamide?

A

High loperamide doses w/ inhibitors of CYP3A4, CYP2C8, or P-glycoprotein agents

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9
Q

In what patient groups should you restrict use of loperamide?

A

Patient who are afebrile or have a low grade fever w/ no bloody stools

This is to avoid super infection

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10
Q

Who CAN use loperamide?

A

Children 6 years and older

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10
Q

Patients who are allergic to ____ can NOT take bismuth subsalicylate

A

Aspirin

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11
Q

Who CAN use bismuth subsalicylate?

A

Patients older than 12

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12
Q

Can you get Reye’s syndrome from using bismuth subsalicylate?

A

YES but it is rare

13
Q

What is a dose-related adverse effect of salicylate toxicity?

A

Mild tinnitus

13
Q

Abbreviations: LABA

A

Long acting beta agonist

13
Q

What patient groups can NOT use bismuth subsalicylate products?

A
  • Pregnant/nursing
  • Taking aspirin/salicylate containing drugs
  • AIDS
  • Taking tetracyclines/quinolones
  • Urate lowering therapy
  • Patients who have had the chickenpox/flu vaccine within 6 wks of taking BSS
  • Bleeding risk

(Patients To Avoid Taking/Using Pepto Bismol)

13
Q

What may be effective in preventing and treating mild, acute, complicated diarrhea?

A

Complementary therapy

Probiotics including several lactobacillus species

Bifidobacterium lactis

Saccharomyces boulardii

13
Q

Abbreviations: ICS

A

Inhaled corticosteroid

14
Q

Abbreviations: LTRA

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

15
Q

Abbreviations: Rescue SABA

A

Rescue short acting beta agonist

16
Q

Exclusions to self care of diarrhea

A
  • Visible blood/pus/mucus in stool
  • Signs of severe dehydration
  • High output (includes frequent & substantial diarrhea volumes)
  • Chronic/persistent diarrhea
  • Risk of significant complications (includes chronic conditions/concurrent illnesses)
  • Young age (< 6 months or weighs < 8 kg)
  • Severe abdominal pain/distress (tenderness and/or distention)
  • Sub potential response to ORS already taken
  • Persistent fever
  • Pregnant

(Very Sad Hannah CRYS, So Pour Pinnacle)

17
Q

Signs of severe dehydration

A

Children showing behavioral/mental changes (irritability, apathy, lethargy, unconsciousness)

Children who have not urinated in 8 hours

Children who have no tears when they cry

Orthostatic hypotension

18
Q

Patients of young age who should NOT be treated w/ an OTC antidiarrheal

A

Patients < 6 months old
OR
Weigh < 17.5 POUNDS (not kg)

19
Q

Patients of advanced ago who should NOT be treated w/ OTC antidiarrheals

A

Frail patients
Older than 65 years old

20
Q

Patients experiencing what should not be treated w/ OTC anti-diarrheal agents?

A

Persistent fever
Blood/pus/mucus in stool
Persistent vomiting
Signs of severe dehydration
Severe abdominal pain/distress
Chronic/persistent diarrhea
Suboptimal response to ORS already administered

OTC (31 decks)

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