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OTC > Exam 2 - Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Minerals > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F): all herbals are NOT considered dietary supplements

A

False

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2
Q

(T/F): supplements can make drug claims

A

False

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3
Q

Who created the category of dietary supplements

A

DSHEA

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4
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble

A

ADEK

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5
Q

What is beta-carotene

A

Vitamin A

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6
Q

What vitamin causes severe flushing

A

Niacin

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6
Q

What is another name for folic acid

A

Vitamin B9

(Take when pregnant, so think 9 months pregnant = B9)

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7
Q

A deficiency in what vitamin can cause scurvy

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

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7
Q

What vitamin is combined with doxylamine to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy

A

B6 (pyridoxine)

(doxylamINE + pyridoxINE)

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8
Q

What vitamin should pregnant women take to avoid neural tube defects? What dose?

A

B9 600 mcg

(9 months pregnant = B9)

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8
Q

Which vitamin causes blood to clot and can be used as the antidote for warfarin overdoses

A

Vitamin K

(K for klotting)

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9
Q

Which vitamin should be given with calcium

A

Vitamin D

(Because they’re both used for Da bones)

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10
Q

Which natural product is important for hemoglobin transporting oxygen

A

Iron

(Think hemoglobin in blood, iron in blood)

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11
Q

How much elemental iron will a patient receive from a 300 mg ferrous FUMARATE tablet

A

99 mg

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11
Q

What is the max dose of calcium that should be taken AT ONE TIME

A

500 mg

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12
Q

RJ is a 59 year old man who is taking a PPI. He wants a recommendation on which calcium supplement he should take. What do you recommend?

A

Calcium citrate

(Because you cit up to make acid reflux better + he’s on a PPI)

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13
Q

How much elemental iron will a patient receive from a 325 mg ferrous SULFATE tablet

A

65 mg

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13
Q

A deficiency in ______ can cause Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Vitamin B1

(Because people B having 1 brain)

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14
Q

Anticonvulsants can cause a deficiency in ______

A

Calcium

(Because without Calcium, you’ll Convulse)

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15
Q

How much vitamin D do infants who are exclusively breastfed require

A

400 IU

(Vitamin D 4 infants)

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16
Q

All women of child bearing age should have ______ amount of folic acid a day

A

400 mcg

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17
Q

Taking over ______ of _______ daily increases risk of CVD

A

400 IU
Vitamin E

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18
Q

What is ascorbic acid

A

Vitamin C

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19
Q

What is another name for thiamine

A

Vitamin B1

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20
Q

Calciferol

A

Vitamin D

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20
Q

What can metformin deplete

A

Vitamin B12

(Commonly see diabetics getting the B12 injections)

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20
Q

What can orlistat deplete

A

Fat soluble vitamins

(Because it’s for weight loss; depleting fat = depleting fat soluble vitamins)

21
Q

Symptoms of a vitamin A deficiency

A

Night blindness
Hyperkeratosis
Loss of appetite

(Thick skin, can’t see, can’t eat)

21
Q

What can methotrexate deplete

A

Folate

(Methotrexate has pregnancy contraindication, likely for this reason)

22
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

Vitamin D3

22
Q

Ergocalciferol

A

Vitamin D2

23
Q

This vitamin is important in formation of bone, maintaining calcium levels, and parathyroid regulation

A

Vitamin D

(Because calcium and vit D are for Da bones)

24
Q

A deficiency in what vitamin may cause rickets in children

A

Vitamin D

(D for Da bones)

25
Q

Phytonadione

A

Vitamin K1

26
Q

Menaquinone

A

Vitamin K2

27
Q

Menadione

A

Vitamin K3

28
Q

This vitamin is an antioxidant and protects against cellular membrane oxidative damages

A

Vitamin E

Key is that it’s an antioxidant

(mEmbrane)

28
Q

What vitamin aids the absorption of iron

A

Vitamin C

29
Q

What vitamin promotes blood clotting

A

Vitamin K

(Klotting)

30
Q

What vitamin has specialized function in the eye

A

Vitamin A (beta carotene)

31
Q

Children with a very low birth weight may have this deficiency

A

Vitamin E

(Tiny babies are Eepy)

32
Q

What vitamins interact with warfarin

A

Vitamin A
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Vitamin K

(Even A Bit [of] Coumadin Kills)

32
Q

Patients who are symptomatic of this deficiency require IV treatment due to low bioavailability

A

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

(B for Bioavailability + 1 IV used)

32
Q

Side effects of iron supplementation

A

Constipation
Diarrhea
Tar like stool
Nausea
Itching

(basically all the GI issues + itching)

(Iron Don’t Take No Crap)

33
Q

What vitamin can cause orange/yellow discoloration of the urine

A

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

(Urine could B 2 colors)

33
Q

A decrease in ____ can cause convulsions, changes/slowness in behavior/personality, and bone deformities

A

Calcium

(Without Calcium, you’ll Convulse)

33
Q

What is the max DAILY dose of calcium

A

3000 mg

34
Q

Signs/symptoms of iron deficiency

A

Pallor
Spoon shaped nails
Coldness in extremities

(Coldness and pallor [paleness] are due to the lack of blood flow and the spoons are made of iron)

35
Q

Signs/symptoms of vitamin C deficiency

A

Fatigue
Bleeding gums
Petechiae (little red bumps)

(bumpy, bleeding, and begging for sleep)

36
Q

______ may help to relieve symptoms of PMS

A

Vitamin B6

37
Q

What does vitamin B6 deficiency look like

A
  • Irritability in children
  • Decreased production of RBCs
  • Oral lesions
  • Scaliness of nose, mouth, eyes

(B6 Is Seeing Dead Ones)

38
Q

What vitamin is active in all cells

A

Vitamin B12

(See this one the most in the pharmacy so it seems important)

39
Q

Folic acid deficiency can cause ______

A

Megaloblastic anemia

(Folic acid is mega important)

40
Q

What is the only described deficiency state of niacin

A

Pellagra

41
Q

Fluoride is considered a _____

A

Trace element

41
Q

What are the 3 Ds of pellagra

A

Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea

(Pellagra = you’re shitting and itching and can’t remember why)

42
Q

What does fluoride in the body affect

A

Bone health
Teeth enamel

(Fluoride in toothpaste and teeth are bones)

43
Q

What is goiter a sign of

A

Moderate deficiency in iodine

(It only takes a moderate deficiency but we don’t have to worry about it because iodine is added to all our food)

43
Q

Is iodine deficiency common in the US

A

No - it’s added to all the food so we don’t have to worry about it

44
Q

What is a cofactor in the synthesis of DNA and RNA

A

Zinc

45
Q

Is zinc deficiency common in the US

A

No - we mainly get it from meat

46
Q

When should zinc be taken

A

1 hour before a meal OR 2 hrs after a meal

47
Q

______ can be used for wound healing

A

Vitamin C

(My mom’s name is Carrie and used to work in wound care)

48
Q

Is iodide water or fat soluble

A

Water soluble

(ADEK = fat soluble, anything else is water soluble)

49
Q

A side effect of iodine intoxication is

A

Unpleasant taste

(Think about how iodine looks - it just looks like it tastes gross)

OTC (31 decks)

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