Exam 2 - Vitamins, Trace Elements, and Minerals Flashcards
(T/F): all herbals are NOT considered dietary supplements
False
(T/F): supplements can make drug claims
False
Who created the category of dietary supplements
DSHEA
Which vitamins are fat soluble
ADEK
What is beta-carotene
Vitamin A
What vitamin causes severe flushing
Niacin
What is another name for folic acid
Vitamin B9
(Take when pregnant, so think 9 months pregnant = B9)
A deficiency in what vitamin can cause scurvy
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
What vitamin is combined with doxylamine to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
B6 (pyridoxine)
(doxylamINE + pyridoxINE)
What vitamin should pregnant women take to avoid neural tube defects? What dose?
B9 600 mcg
(9 months pregnant = B9)
Which vitamin causes blood to clot and can be used as the antidote for warfarin overdoses
Vitamin K
(K for klotting)
Which vitamin should be given with calcium
Vitamin D
(Because they’re both used for Da bones)
Which natural product is important for hemoglobin transporting oxygen
Iron
(Think hemoglobin in blood, iron in blood)
How much elemental iron will a patient receive from a 300 mg ferrous FUMARATE tablet
99 mg
What is the max dose of calcium that should be taken AT ONE TIME
500 mg
RJ is a 59 year old man who is taking a PPI. He wants a recommendation on which calcium supplement he should take. What do you recommend?
Calcium citrate
(Because you cit up to make acid reflux better + he’s on a PPI)
How much elemental iron will a patient receive from a 325 mg ferrous SULFATE tablet
65 mg
A deficiency in ______ can cause Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Vitamin B1
(Because people B having 1 brain)
Anticonvulsants can cause a deficiency in ______
Calcium
(Because without Calcium, you’ll Convulse)
How much vitamin D do infants who are exclusively breastfed require
400 IU
(Vitamin D 4 infants)
All women of child bearing age should have ______ amount of folic acid a day
400 mcg
Taking over ______ of _______ daily increases risk of CVD
400 IU
Vitamin E
What is ascorbic acid
Vitamin C
What is another name for thiamine
Vitamin B1
Calciferol
Vitamin D
What can metformin deplete
Vitamin B12
(Commonly see diabetics getting the B12 injections)
What can orlistat deplete
Fat soluble vitamins
(Because it’s for weight loss; depleting fat = depleting fat soluble vitamins)
Symptoms of a vitamin A deficiency
Night blindness
Hyperkeratosis
Loss of appetite
(Thick skin, can’t see, can’t eat)
What can methotrexate deplete
Folate
(Methotrexate has pregnancy contraindication, likely for this reason)
Cholecalciferol
Vitamin D3
Ergocalciferol
Vitamin D2
This vitamin is important in formation of bone, maintaining calcium levels, and parathyroid regulation
Vitamin D
(Because calcium and vit D are for Da bones)
A deficiency in what vitamin may cause rickets in children
Vitamin D
(D for Da bones)
Phytonadione
Vitamin K1
Menaquinone
Vitamin K2
Menadione
Vitamin K3
This vitamin is an antioxidant and protects against cellular membrane oxidative damages
Vitamin E
Key is that it’s an antioxidant
(mEmbrane)
What vitamin aids the absorption of iron
Vitamin C
What vitamin promotes blood clotting
Vitamin K
(Klotting)
What vitamin has specialized function in the eye
Vitamin A (beta carotene)
Children with a very low birth weight may have this deficiency
Vitamin E
(Tiny babies are Eepy)
What vitamins interact with warfarin
Vitamin A
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
(Even A Bit [of] Coumadin Kills)
Patients who are symptomatic of this deficiency require IV treatment due to low bioavailability
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
(B for Bioavailability + 1 IV used)
Side effects of iron supplementation
Constipation
Diarrhea
Tar like stool
Nausea
Itching
(basically all the GI issues + itching)
(Iron Don’t Take No Crap)
What vitamin can cause orange/yellow discoloration of the urine
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
(Urine could B 2 colors)
A decrease in ____ can cause convulsions, changes/slowness in behavior/personality, and bone deformities
Calcium
(Without Calcium, you’ll Convulse)
What is the max DAILY dose of calcium
3000 mg
Signs/symptoms of iron deficiency
Pallor
Spoon shaped nails
Coldness in extremities
(Coldness and pallor [paleness] are due to the lack of blood flow and the spoons are made of iron)
Signs/symptoms of vitamin C deficiency
Fatigue
Bleeding gums
Petechiae (little red bumps)
(bumpy, bleeding, and begging for sleep)
______ may help to relieve symptoms of PMS
Vitamin B6
What does vitamin B6 deficiency look like
- Irritability in children
- Decreased production of RBCs
- Oral lesions
- Scaliness of nose, mouth, eyes
(B6 Is Seeing Dead Ones)
What vitamin is active in all cells
Vitamin B12
(See this one the most in the pharmacy so it seems important)
Folic acid deficiency can cause ______
Megaloblastic anemia
(Folic acid is mega important)
What is the only described deficiency state of niacin
Pellagra
Fluoride is considered a _____
Trace element
What are the 3 Ds of pellagra
Dermatitis
Dementia
Diarrhea
(Pellagra = you’re shitting and itching and can’t remember why)
What does fluoride in the body affect
Bone health
Teeth enamel
(Fluoride in toothpaste and teeth are bones)
What is goiter a sign of
Moderate deficiency in iodine
(It only takes a moderate deficiency but we don’t have to worry about it because iodine is added to all our food)
Is iodine deficiency common in the US
No - it’s added to all the food so we don’t have to worry about it
What is a cofactor in the synthesis of DNA and RNA
Zinc
Is zinc deficiency common in the US
No - we mainly get it from meat
When should zinc be taken
1 hour before a meal OR 2 hrs after a meal
______ can be used for wound healing
Vitamin C
(My mom’s name is Carrie and used to work in wound care)
Is iodide water or fat soluble
Water soluble
(ADEK = fat soluble, anything else is water soluble)
A side effect of iodine intoxication is
Unpleasant taste
(Think about how iodine looks - it just looks like it tastes gross)
