Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OTC > Exam 3 - Menstruation, Vaginal, and Vulvovaginal Disorders > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Menstruation, Vaginal, and Vulvovaginal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

3 menstruation disorders

A

Primary dysmenorrhea
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Toxic shock syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the best OTC medications for prevention of strong uterine contractions (cramping)

A

Ibuprofen
Naproxen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 vaginal and vulvovaginal infections

A

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)
Trichomoniasis
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Non-drug measures for menstrual pain

A

Heating pad
Stop smoking
Eat more fish/fish oil supplement
Regular exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the key to reducing pain when NSAIDs are taken?

A

Start taking NSAID when menstrual period begins

Take medication and regular intervals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

Time between onset of menstrual flow and the start of the next flow (menses to menses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Menstruation

A

Monthly cycling of the female reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is aspirin NOT a recommended OTC medication for menstruation

A

It causes more bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 causes of painful periods

A

Prostaglandins
Endometriosis
Fibereosis
Adenomyosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At what age does a girl’s first period (menarche) begin?

A

11-14.5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mean blood loss during menses?

A

30 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the average cycle length

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How long does menses usually last?

A

3-7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is the most blood lost?

A

Days 1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anemia can result from periods lasting longer than ____ or if blood loss is > ____

A

7 days
80 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proliferative (follicular) phase

A

First flow to ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Luteal (secretory) phase

A

From ovulation to next flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 principle reproductive events that occur during each menstrual cycle

A

Maturation & release of an ovum from ovaries

Preparation of endometrial lining of the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In primary dysmenorrhea, increased levels of prostaglandins and leukotrienes cause _____

A

Strong contractions like labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WITHOUT dysmenorrhea, contractions are ____ and pressure is up to ______

A

Rhythmic
120 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In primary dysmenorrhea, contractions are ____ and pressure is up to _____

A

NOT rhythmic
180 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In primary dysmenorrhea, more ____ and _____ cause _____

A

Ischemia
Tissue hypoxia
More pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Primary dysmenorrhea

A

Cramp-like lower abdominal pain at menstruation

Pain related to onset of menstruation

Cyclic in nature

Described as continuous dull ache w/ spasmodic cramping in lower mid-abdominal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What causes prostaglandins and leukotrienes to be released

A

Low progesterone levels at the end of the luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
______ levels are twice as high in women w/ dysmenorrhea
Prostaglandin
19
What do leukotrienes cause
Vasoconstriction and uterine contractions, which cause pain
20
(T/F): dysmenorrhea may be worse after childbirth
False
20
Risk factors for dysmenorrhea
- Heavy menstrual flow/early menarche - Tobacco use - Low fish/vegetable/milk/dairy consumption - History of sexual assault - Stress/anxiety/depression - BMI < 20 mg/kg2 (Having To Leave Has Some Benefits)
21
Primary dysmenorrhea responds to ____ or _____
NSAIDs Combined oral contraceptives
22
At what age does primary dysmenorrhea occur?
6-12 months after menarche Usually ages 13-17
23
At what age does secondary dysmenorrhea occur?
At least 2 years after menarche Mid-late 20s or older
24
What is the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea
Associated with: - endometriosis - fibroids - IUD - pelvic pathology
24
Who is an exclusion for self treatment of menstrual disorders?
Pts experiencing severe dysmenorrhea Symptoms not consistent w/ primary dysmenorrhea Pts using warfarin, heparin, lithium, or have an allergy to NSAIDs People w/ bleeding disorders People w/ history of infertility, irregular menstrual cycles, endometriosis
25
What are the 1st line pharmacological options for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea
NSAIDs Hormonal contraceptives (NOT aspirin though)
25
What are the treatment goals of primary dysmenorrhea
Provide relief or significant improvement in symptoms Minimize the disruption of usual daily activities
26
Dietary supplementations for menstruation disorders
Fish oil Vitamin D
26
What NSAID may increase flow, so it is not generally recommended
Aspirin
27
If APAP is used for primary dysmenorrhea, how should it be dosed?
650-100 mg q6h
27
This drug is effective for mild symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea but NOT as effective as NSAIDs
Acetaminophen
28
Optimal pain relief is achieved when NSAIDs are taken…
On a scheduled basis instead of PRN
29
Continue NSAID use for the first ___ hours
24-72 hours
30
Avoid ____ in adolescents under 20 years old
Aspirin
31
Oral contraceptives can ____ PMS
Worsen
32
Risk factors of PMS
Stress Traumatic events
32
PMS can occur anytime after
Menarche
33
When does PMS occur
During luteal phase when prostaglandins are made
34
Does PMS occur regularly w/ every cycle
Yes
35
PMS symptoms
Physical Emotional/mood Behavioral
36
PMS symptoms improve by _____
The end of menses
37
PMDD interferes with
Social and occupational functioning
38
Diagnosis of PMS is made on the basis that symptoms are ____
Cyclical
39
PMDD requires
Physician referral (no OTC treatment)
39
Severe form of PMS
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
40
Most common negative symptoms of PMS
- Fatigue - Crying spells - Breast tenderness - Appetite changes - Headache - Irritability/anger - Muscle pain - Anxiety/stress - Depression - Difficulty concentrating - Insomnia - Labile mood alternating sadness/anger - Abdominal bloating (Feeling Crappy? Bitch At HIM All Damn Day In LA)
41
Most common positive symptoms of PMS
Increased energy Increased libido Increased sense of control
42
Goals for PMS treatment
Achieve relief or significant decreases of symptoms Limit discomfort, distress, and the disruption of personal relationships/activities
43
(T/F): therapy is considered effective if symptoms are reduced by 50% or more
True
44
Treatment of PMS w/ nonprescription meds
- Magnesium pyrrolidone (300-360 mg) - Vitamin D (600 IU) - Calcium (1200 mg) - Pyridoxine (100 mg) (My Very Crampy Pussy)
44
1st line PMS treatment
Calcium Vitamin D
45
Is PMS self treatable
Yes, with stress reduction
46
Max daily dose of B6
100 mg More risks neuropathy
47
Tampon use carries ___ into the vagina
Oxygen
47
4 conditions that promote toxin production
Elevated protein levels Elevated CO2 levels Elevated oxygen levels Neutral pH
48
Do diuretics help w/ PMS symptoms
No because most people do not experience weight gain
49
TSS is caused by toxin producing strains of
S. aureus
49
TSS is most common in women ages ____
13-19
50
If TSS is suspected, it is best to
Seek treatment immediately
51
What is the best treatment for TSS?
Prevention
51
Use ___ not tampons for TSS
Pads
52
___ can be treated w/ topical heat
Primary dysmenorrhea
53
Bacterial vaginosis
Thin, off white foamy discharge “Fishy” odor Less irritation of vagina
54
Trichomoniasis
Yellow-green frothy discharge Itching Vaginal irritation No symptoms in ~ 50% of women
55
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
Thick, white “cottage cheese” discharge with no odor Itching and redness Risk factors include antibiotics and type 2 diabetes
56
BV and trichomoniasis are linked w/ health problems such as:
Pelvic inflammatory disease Preterm birth Facilitating transmission of HIV
56
Treatment goals for VVC
Symptom relief Infection eradication Normal vaginal flora reestablished
56
What symptoms is most likely to differentiate yeast infection from BV and trichomoniasis
Absence of offensive odor
57
VVC exclusions to self-treatment
- Pregnancy - Girls younger than 12 - Concurrent symptoms (fever or pain in pelvic area, abdomen, back, shoulder) - Recurrent VVC - First vulvovaginal episode
58
Do yeast infections alter pH
No
58
pH greater than ___ may indicate a bacterial or trichomonal vaginal infection
4.5
59
Key limitations to using vaginal pH tests
No testing until > 72 hrs since last vaginal preparation (contraceptives, spermicide, antifungal) Test 48 hrs after sexual intercourse or douching Test at least 5 days after period
60
Self treatment of VVC is most appropriate for people w/ what 4 criteria?
- Vaginal symptoms are infrequent - 1 previous episode of VVC diagnosed by provider - No foul odor - Vaginal pH < 4.5
61
OTC treatment for VVC
Vaginal antifungals
62
Topical imidazoles can be applied to infected area ___________ for treatment of VVC
Twice daily for 2-4 weeks
63
Nonpharmacological therapy for VVC
Decrease consumption of refined carbs Adding consumption of yogurt w/ live cultures Discontinuing drug known to cause increased risk of VVC (antibiotics) Sitz bath
64
Initial therapy recommended for uncomplicated VVC
Imidazoles
64
What drug needs monitored if taken concurrently w/ imidazoles
Warfarin
65
Are systemic or topical imidazoles more effective
Both are equally effective
66
VVC symptoms should improve within ___ days of initiation of therapy
2-3 days
67
Resolution of VVC symptoms within
1 week
68
Patients should contact their PCP about VVC if
Symptoms persist beyond 7 days or no improvement within 3 days Persistent or new symptoms consistent w/ VVC
69
Atrophic vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina related to atrophy of vaginal mucosa secondary to decreased estrogen levels
70
Common symptom associated w/ atrophic vaginitis
Dyspareunia (inadequate vaginal lubrication that can cause painful intercourse)
71
72
Exclusions for therapy for atrophic vaginitis
Symptoms not localized to vagina/bleeding present Dryness not relieved by personal lubricants
73
Adverse effects of frequent douching
- STI - Reduced fertility - Disruption of normal vaginal flora & pH - BV - Low birth weight - Ectopic pregnancy - Cervical cancer - PID (Some Real Douche Bag Loser Escaped County Prison)

OTC (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions