exam 4 chapter 11

Question 1

four parts of emotion

Answer 1

cognition
action
feeling
physiological changes

Question 2

component 1 of emotional state

Answer 2

instigating event

Question 3

component 2 of emotional state

Answer 3

interpretation of event

Question 4

component 3 of emotional state

Answer 4

cognitive appraisal of something (good, bad, scary, etc.)

Question 5

component 4 of emotional state

Answer 5

physiological reaction (ex. fight or flight)

Question 6

component 5 of emotional state

Answer 6

motivation to behave

Question 7

emotional systems arouse…

Answer 7

the autonomic nervous system

Question 8

most situations evoke a combination of…

Answer 8

sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal

Question 9

function of autonomic nervous system

Answer 9

regulates the automatic behaviors of the body
(heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, etc.)

Question 10

2 subsystems of autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 11

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

network of nerves that prepares the organs for rigorous activity

Question 12

fight or flight response is a part of the _ nervous system

Answer 12

sympathetic

Question 13

neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

norepinephrine

Question 14

norepinephrine

Answer 14

neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system

Question 15

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 15

facilitates vegetative, non-emergency responses by the organs

Question 16

acetylcholine

Answer 16

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 17

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

acetylcholine

Question 18

james-lange theory of emotion

Answer 18

suggests that autonomic arousal and skeletal action occur first in an emotion

emotion felt is the label we give the arousal of the organs and muscles

action and arousal lead to emotions

Question 19

order of events in james-lange theory

Answer 19

event - appraisal - action - emotional feeling

Question 20

prediction 1 of james-lange theory

Answer 20

people with weak autonomic or skeletal response should feel less emotion

Question 21

prediction #2 of james-lange theory

Answer 21

increasing one’s response should enhance an emotion

Question 22

pure autonomic failure

Answer 22

output from autonomic nervous system to body fails

Question 23

bradbury eggleston syndrome

Answer 23

(autonomic failure)
output from the autonomic nervous system almost entirely fails

Question 24

botulinum toxin

Answer 24

blocks transmissions at synapses and nerve-muscle junctions

Question 25

limbic system

Answer 25

main group of structures critical for emotion

Question 26

other areas of cerebral cortex activated during emotional experience

Answer 26

frontal and temporal lobes

Question 27

limbic

Answer 27

ring

Question 28

limbic structure

Answer 28

structures that circle around the lateral ventricles

Question 29

specific structures of limbic system

Answer 29

amygdala fornix hippocampus cingulate cortex hypothalamus

Question 30

what does the limbic system do?

Answer 30

HOME

Question 31

H HOME

Answer 31

homeostasis

Question 32

O HOME

Answer 32

olfaction (smell)

Question 33

M HOME

Answer 33

memory

Question 34

E HOME

Answer 34

emotion

Question 35

five emotions of facial display

Answer 35

anger disgust fear happiness sadness

Question 36

the one emotion that localization in the brain exists for

Answer 36

disgust

Question 37

insular cortex

Answer 37

structure strongly activated during the exposure to stimuli perceived as disgusting

Question 38

left hemisphere and emotion

Answer 38

behavioral activation system

Question 39

right hemisphere and emotion

Answer 39

behavioral inhibition system

Question 40

which hemisphere is more responsive to emotional stimuli

Answer 40

right

Question 41

damage in right temporal cortex

Answer 41

problems in the ability to identify emotions of others

Question 42

function of emotions

Answer 42

monitors motivational communication social regulators reordering of priorities

Question 43

contemplating moral decisions activates...

Answer 43

prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

Question 44

moral decisions are seldom made...

Answer 44

rationally

Question 45

damage to prefrontal cortex

Answer 45

impairs decision-making

Question 46

ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage

Answer 46

inconsistent preferences, decreased guilt and trust

Question 47

fear

Answer 47

associated with a strong tendency to escape from an immediate threat

Question 48

anxiety

Answer 48

general sense that something dangerous might occur

Question 49

startle reflex

Answer 49

extremely fast response to unexpected loud noises

Question 50

pons

Answer 50

auditory information stimulates an area of the pons that commands the tensing of the neck and other muscles

Question 51

when is startle reflex more vigoroous?

Answer 51

when already tense

Question 52

when stimulus is paired with shock...

Answer 52

stimulus becomes fear signal

Question 53

amygdala

Answer 53

plays important role in emotion, threat detector, learning fear signals

Question 54

fast pathway of fear

Answer 54

thalamus - amygdala

Question 55

slow pathway of fear

Answer 55

thalamus - cortex - amygdala

Question 56

fears that the different paths in the amygdala are responsible for

Answer 56

pain predators aggressive members of same species

Question 57

what is important for learning what to fear?

Answer 57

amygdala

Question 58

long-term generalized emotional arousal depends on...

Answer 58

bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

Question 59

when is amygdala activity the strongest?

Answer 59

when meaning is unclear and requires some processing

Question 60

urbach-wiethe disease

Answer 60

causes calcium to build up into the amygdala until it wastes away

Question 61

contemplating moral decisions activates the...

Answer 61

prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

Question 62

generalized anxiety disorders

Answer 62

excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about everyday life events

Question 63

phobia

Answer 63

extreme, unreasonable fear of something

Question 64

panic disorder

Answer 64

characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms

Question 65

how do anxiety drugs control anxiety?

Answer 65

alter activity at amygdala snyapses

Question 66

main excitatory nueromodulator in amygdala

Answer 66

CCK

Question 67

main inhibitory transmitter in amygdala

Answer 67

GABA

Question 68

duodenum

Answer 68

part of small intestine where initial absorption of significant amounts of nutrients occur

Question 69

distention of duodenum can produce feelings of...

Answer 69

satiety

Question 70

duodenum releases hormone CCK which...

Answer 70

helps to regulate hunger

Question 71

benzodiazepines

Answer 71

most commonly used anti-anxiety drugs

Question 72

behavioral medicine

Answer 72

emphasizes the effects of health of diet, smoking, exercise, stressful experiences, etc.

Question 73

stress

Answer 73

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it

Question 74

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 74

general response to stress activated by stress on the body

Question 75

alarm stage

Answer 75

characterized by increased sympathetic nervous system activity

Question 76

resistance stage

Answer 76

sympathetic response declines, adrenal cortex releases cortisol and other hormones that enable the body to maintain prolonged alertness

Question 77

exhaustion stage

Answer 77

occurs after prolonged stress in characterized by inactivity and decreased immune system

Question 78

stress activates two systems in the body

Answer 78

sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) and HPA axis (hypothalamus, piturary gland, adrenal cortex)

Question 79

dominant response to prolonged stressors

Answer 79

HPA axis

Question 80

activation of the hypothalamus induces the pituary gland to secrete...

Answer 80

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 81

ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete...

Answer 81

cortisol

Question 82

cortisol

Answer 82

enhances metabolic activity and elevates blood levels of sugars and other nutrients to mobilize energies to fight a difficult situation

Question 83

acute stressor triggers...

Answer 83

sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) (short-term stressor)

Question 84

chronic stressor triggers...

Answer 84

hypothalamix pituitary axis/HPA (long-term stressor)

Question 85

prolonged increases of cortisol levels...

Answer 85

impair the immune system

Question 86

leukocytes

Answer 86

white blood cells

Question 87

prolonged stress can also be harmful to the hippocampus and affect...

Answer 87

memory