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psychobio > exam 4 chapter 11 > Flashcards

exam 4 chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

four parts of emotion

A

cognition
action
feeling
physiological changes

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2
Q

component 1 of emotional state

A

instigating event

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3
Q

component 2 of emotional state

A

interpretation of event

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4
Q

component 3 of emotional state

A

cognitive appraisal of something (good, bad, scary, etc.)

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5
Q

component 4 of emotional state

A

physiological reaction (ex. fight or flight)

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6
Q

component 5 of emotional state

A

motivation to behave

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7
Q

emotional systems arouse…

A

the autonomic nervous system

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8
Q

most situations evoke a combination of…

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal

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9
Q

function of autonomic nervous system

A

regulates the automatic behaviors of the body
(heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, etc.)

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10
Q

2 subsystems of autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

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11
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

network of nerves that prepares the organs for rigorous activity

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12
Q

fight or flight response is a part of the _ nervous system

A

sympathetic

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13
Q

neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system

A

norepinephrine

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14
Q

norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

facilitates vegetative, non-emergency responses by the organs

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16
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

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17
Q

neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

acetylcholine

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18
Q

james-lange theory of emotion

A

suggests that autonomic arousal and skeletal action occur first in an emotion

emotion felt is the label we give the arousal of the organs and muscles

action and arousal lead to emotions

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19
Q

order of events in james-lange theory

A

event - appraisal - action - emotional feeling

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20
Q

prediction 1 of james-lange theory

A

people with weak autonomic or skeletal response should feel less emotion

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21
Q

prediction #2 of james-lange theory

A

increasing one’s response should enhance an emotion

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22
Q

pure autonomic failure

A

output from autonomic nervous system to body fails

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23
Q

bradbury eggleston syndrome

A

(autonomic failure)
output from the autonomic nervous system almost entirely fails

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24
Q

botulinum toxin

A

blocks transmissions at synapses and nerve-muscle junctions

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25
Q

limbic system

A

main group of structures critical for emotion

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26
Q

other areas of cerebral cortex activated during emotional experience

A

frontal and temporal lobes

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27
Q

limbic

A

ring

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28
Q

limbic structure

A

structures that circle around the lateral ventricles

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29
Q

specific structures of limbic system

A

amygdala
fornix
hippocampus
cingulate cortex
hypothalamus

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30
Q

what does the limbic system do?

A

HOME

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31
Q

H HOME

A

homeostasis

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32
Q

O HOME

A

olfaction
(smell)

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33
Q

M HOME

A

memory

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34
Q

E HOME

A

emotion

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35
Q

five emotions of facial display

A

anger
disgust
fear
happiness
sadness

36
Q

the one emotion that localization in the brain exists for

A

disgust

37
Q

insular cortex

A

structure strongly activated during the exposure to stimuli perceived as disgusting

38
Q

left hemisphere and emotion

A

behavioral activation system

39
Q

right hemisphere and emotion

A

behavioral inhibition system

40
Q

which hemisphere is more responsive to emotional stimuli

A

right

41
Q

damage in right temporal cortex

A

problems in the ability to identify emotions of others

42
Q

function of emotions

A

monitors
motivational
communication
social regulators
reordering of priorities

43
Q

contemplating moral decisions activates…

A

prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

44
Q

moral decisions are seldom made…

A

rationally

45
Q

damage to prefrontal cortex

A

impairs decision-making

46
Q

ventromedial prefrontal cortex damage

A

inconsistent preferences, decreased guilt and trust

47
Q

fear

A

associated with a strong tendency to escape from an immediate threat

48
Q

anxiety

A

general sense that something dangerous might occur

49
Q

startle reflex

A

extremely fast response to unexpected loud noises

50
Q

pons

A

auditory information stimulates an area of the pons that commands the tensing of the neck and other muscles

51
Q

when is startle reflex more vigoroous?

A

when already tense

52
Q

when stimulus is paired with shock…

A

stimulus becomes fear signal

53
Q

amygdala

A

plays important role in emotion, threat detector, learning fear signals

54
Q

fast pathway of fear

A

thalamus - amygdala

55
Q

slow pathway of fear

A

thalamus - cortex - amygdala

56
Q

fears that the different paths in the amygdala are responsible for

A

pain
predators
aggressive members of same species

57
Q

what is important for learning what to fear?

A

amygdala

58
Q

long-term generalized emotional arousal depends on…

A

bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

59
Q

when is amygdala activity the strongest?

A

when meaning is unclear and requires some processing

60
Q

urbach-wiethe disease

A

causes calcium to build up into the amygdala until it wastes away

61
Q

contemplating moral decisions activates the…

A

prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus

62
Q

generalized anxiety disorders

A

excessive, exaggerated anxiety and worry about everyday life events

63
Q

phobia

A

extreme, unreasonable fear of something

64
Q

panic disorder

A

characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms

65
Q

how do anxiety drugs control anxiety?

A

alter activity at amygdala snyapses

66
Q

main excitatory nueromodulator in amygdala

A

CCK

67
Q

main inhibitory transmitter in amygdala

A

GABA

68
Q

duodenum

A

part of small intestine where initial absorption of significant amounts of nutrients occur

69
Q

distention of duodenum can produce feelings of…

A

satiety

70
Q

duodenum releases hormone CCK which…

A

helps to regulate hunger

71
Q

benzodiazepines

A

most commonly used anti-anxiety drugs

72
Q

behavioral medicine

A

emphasizes the effects of health of diet, smoking, exercise, stressful experiences, etc.

73
Q

stress

A

nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it

74
Q

general adaptation syndrome

A

general response to stress activated by stress on the body

75
Q

alarm stage

A

characterized by increased sympathetic nervous system activity

76
Q

resistance stage

A

sympathetic response declines, adrenal cortex releases cortisol and other hormones that enable the body to maintain prolonged alertness

77
Q

exhaustion stage

A

occurs after prolonged stress in characterized by inactivity and decreased immune system

78
Q

stress activates two systems in the body

A

sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) and HPA axis (hypothalamus, piturary gland, adrenal cortex)

79
Q

dominant response to prolonged stressors

A

HPA axis

80
Q

activation of the hypothalamus induces the pituary gland to secrete…

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

81
Q

ACTH stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete…

A

cortisol

82
Q

cortisol

A

enhances metabolic activity and elevates blood levels of sugars and other nutrients to mobilize energies to fight a difficult situation

83
Q

acute stressor triggers…

A

sympathetic adrenal medullary (SAM) (short-term stressor)

84
Q

chronic stressor triggers…

A

hypothalamix pituitary axis/HPA (long-term stressor)

85
Q

prolonged increases of cortisol levels…

A

impair the immune system

86
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

87
Q

prolonged stress can also be harmful to the hippocampus and affect…

A

memory

psychobio (13 decks)

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