exam 1 chapter 2

Question 1

synapse

Answer 1

nuerons communicate by transmitting chemicals at specialized junctions

Question 2

presynaptic neuron

Answer 2

sender

Question 3

postsynaptic nueron

Answer 3

receiver

Question 4

reflex arc

Answer 4

circuit from sensory nueron to muscle response

Question 5

temporal summation

Answer 5

repeated stimuli can have a cumulative effect and can produce a nerve impulse when a single stimuli is too weak

Question 6

spatial summation

Answer 6

synaptic input from several locations can have a cumulative effect and trigger a nerve impulse

Question 7

excitatory postsynaptic potential

Answer 7

EPSP
graded potential that decays over time

Question 8

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

Answer 8

IPSP
temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane

Question 9

neurotransmitters

Answer 9

chemicals that travel across the synapse and allow communication between neurons

Question 10

smaller nuerotransmitters

Answer 10

synthesized in the axon terminals and held there for release

Question 11

larger neurotransmitters

Answer 11

synthesized in the cell body and transported down the axon

Question 12

vesicles

Answer 12

tiny spherical packets located in the axon terminal where high concentrations of neurotransmitters are held for release

Question 13

exocytosis

Answer 13

active transport
excretion of the neurotransmitter from the presynaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft

Question 14

reuptake

Answer 14

when the presynaptic neuron takes up most of the neurotransmitter molecules intact and releases them

Question 15

transporters

Answer 15

special membrane proteins that facilitate reuptake

Question 16

hormone

Answer 16

chemical secreted by a gland or other cells that is transported to other organs by the blood where it alters activity

Question 17

endocrine glands

Answer 17

responsible for the production of hormones

Question 18

pituitary gland

Answer 18

attached to the hypothalamus and consists of two distinct glands that each release a different set of hormones

Question 19

two glands in pituitary gland

Answer 19

anterior and posterior

Question 20

ionotropic effect

Answer 20

refers to when a neurotransmitter attaches to receptors and immediately opens ion channels

Question 21

metabotropic effect

Answer 21

occurs when nuerotransmitters attach to a receptor and initiate a sequence of slower and longer metabolic reactions

Question 22

agonist

Answer 22

drug that mimics or increases effects of neurotransmitters

Question 23

antagonist

Answer 23

drug that blocks the effects of nuerotransmitters