exam 3 chapter 10

Question 1

wolffian ducts

Answer 1

precursors to other male reproductive organs

Question 2

mullerian ducts

Answer 2

precursors to other female reproductive organs

Question 3

SRY gene

Answer 3

sex determining region on the y chromosome

Question 4

androgens

Answer 4

testosterone
increases growth of testes, produce mullerian inhibiting hormone

Question 5

do females have the SRY gene?

Answer 5

no
their gonads develop into ovaries

Question 6

sex limited genes

Answer 6

those activated by androgens or estrogens and control most of the differences between male and female

Question 7

which hormone do testes produce more of?

Answer 7

androgens

Question 8

estrogens

Answer 8

hormones more abundant in women

Question 9

steroid hormones

Answer 9

androgen and estrogen
derived from cholesterol and contain four carbon rings

Question 10

steroid hormone effect 1

Answer 10

binding to membrane receptors like neurotransmitters

Question 11

steroid hormone effect 2

Answer 11

entering cells and activate certain kinds of proteins in the cytoplasm

Question 12

steroid hormone effect 3

Answer 12

binding to chromosomes where they activate or inactivate certain genes

Question 13

common androgens

Answer 13

testosterone

Question 14

common estrogens

Answer 14

estradiol
progesterone

Question 15

progesterone

Answer 15

prepares the uterus for the implantation of the fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenaince of pregnancy

Question 16

organizing effects of sex hormones

Answer 16

occur mostly at sensitive stages of development (before birth)

Question 17

activating effects of sex hormones

Answer 17

occur at any time of life and temporarily activate a particular response (pregnancy, menstration)

Question 18

sexual differentiation depends mostly on…

Answer 18

the level of testosterone during a sensitive period

Question 19

impotence

Answer 19

the ability to maintain an erection

Question 20

common cause of impotence

Answer 20

impaired blood circulation
(not low levels of testosterone)

Question 21

what produce the menstrual cycle in women?

Answer 21

hypothalamus and pituary gland interact with the ovaries

Question 22

follicular phase after menstrual cycle

Answer 22

anterior pituary releases FSH

Question 23

follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)

Answer 23

promotes the growth of a follicle in the ovary

Question 24

periovulatory phase in middle of menstrual cycle

Answer 24

follicle builds up receptors to FSH, follicle produces increasing amounts of estradiol

-time of maximum fertility

Question 25

pregesterone in pregnancy

Answer 25

levels increase

Question 26

prolactin

Answer 26

necessary for milk production, enables mother to eat more than usual, responsible for some maternal behavior

Question 27

oxytocin

Answer 27

important for reproductive behavior