exam 3 chapter 10 Flashcards
wolffian ducts
precursors to other male reproductive organs
mullerian ducts
precursors to other female reproductive organs
SRY gene
sex determining region on the y chromosome
androgens
testosterone
increases growth of testes, produce mullerian inhibiting hormone
do females have the SRY gene?
no
their gonads develop into ovaries
sex limited genes
those activated by androgens or estrogens and control most of the differences between male and female
which hormone do testes produce more of?
androgens
estrogens
hormones more abundant in women
steroid hormones
androgen and estrogen
derived from cholesterol and contain four carbon rings
steroid hormone effect 1
binding to membrane receptors like neurotransmitters
steroid hormone effect 2
entering cells and activate certain kinds of proteins in the cytoplasm
steroid hormone effect 3
binding to chromosomes where they activate or inactivate certain genes
common androgens
testosterone
common estrogens
estradiol
progesterone
progesterone
prepares the uterus for the implantation of the fertilized ovum and promotes the maintenaince of pregnancy
organizing effects of sex hormones
occur mostly at sensitive stages of development (before birth)
activating effects of sex hormones
occur at any time of life and temporarily activate a particular response (pregnancy, menstration)
sexual differentiation depends mostly on…
the level of testosterone during a sensitive period
impotence
the ability to maintain an erection
common cause of impotence
impaired blood circulation
(not low levels of testosterone)
what produce the menstrual cycle in women?
hypothalamus and pituary gland interact with the ovaries
follicular phase after menstrual cycle
anterior pituary releases FSH
follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH)
promotes the growth of a follicle in the ovary
periovulatory phase in middle of menstrual cycle
follicle builds up receptors to FSH, follicle produces increasing amounts of estradiol
-time of maximum fertility
