exam 1 chapter 3

Question 1

ventral

Answer 1

towards stomach

Question 2

dorsal

Answer 2

towards back

Question 3

central nervous system

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

bell-magendie law

Answer 4

entering dorsal roots carry sensory information and the exiting ventral roots carry motor information

Question 5

peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

outside brain and spinal cord
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 6

somatic nervous system

Answer 6

convey sensory information to CNS
transmit messages for motor movement from CNS to the body

Question 7

autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

regulates automatic behaviors of the body (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.)

Question 8

gray matter

Answer 8

located in the center of the spinal cord and is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

Question 9

white matter

Answer 9

composed mostly of myelinated axons that carry information from the graymatter to the brain or other areas of the spinal cord

Question 10

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

network of nerves that prepares organs for rigorous activity

Question 11

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

facilitates vegetative, non-emergency responses by the organs

Question 12

forebrain

Answer 12

cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 13

midbrain

Answer 13

tectum, tegmentum, superior/inferior colliculi, sibstantia nigra

Question 14

hindbrain

Answer 14

pons, cerebellum, medulla

Question 15

cranial nerves

Answer 15

allow the medulla to control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and many parasympathetic outputs to the organs

Question 16

cerebral cortex

Answer 16

receives sensory information and controls motor movement from the opposite (contralateral) side of the body

Question 17

thalamus

Answer 17

relay station from the sensory organs and main source of input to the cortex

Question 18

hypothalamus

Answer 18

conveys messages to the pituitary gland to trigger the release of hormones

Question 19

limbic system

Answer 19

consists of a number of other interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstemh

Question 20

hippocampus

Answer 20

large structure located between the thalamus and cerebral cortex, critical for storing memories

Question 21

ventricles

Answer 21

four fluid filled cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 22

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 22

clear fluid similar to blood plasma found in the brain and spinal cord
provides cushioning for the brain, reservoir of hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord

Question 23

central canal

Answer 23

fluid filled channel in the center of the spinal cord

Question 24

4 lobes of cerebral cortex

Answer 24

occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal

Question 25

occipital lobe

Answer 25

primary visual cortex, important for visual information

Question 26

parietal lobe

Answer 26

contains postcentral gyrus responsible for processing eye, head, body positions from info from muscles and joints essential for spacial information

Question 27

postcentral gyrus

Answer 27

primary target for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors

Question 28

temporal lobe

Answer 28

target for auditory information and essential for processing spoken language

Question 29

frontal lobe

Answer 29

contains prefrontal cortex and precentral gyrus

Question 30

prefrontal cortex

Answer 30

the integration center for all sensory information and other areas of the cortex responsible for abstract thinking and planning, working memory, making decisions

Question 31

precentral gyrus

Answer 31

primary motor cortex responsible for the control of fine motor movement

Question 32

corpus callosum

Answer 32

largest of all commissures in the brain

Question 33

gyrus

Answer 33

outward fold (hill)

Question 34

sulcus

Answer 34

inward fold (valley)

Question 35

laminae

Answer 35

six distinct layers that are parallel to surface of cerebral cortex

Question 36

ablation

Answer 36

removal of a brain area

Question 37

lesion

Answer 37

damage to a brain area, often done for research

Question 38

gene-knockout approach

Answer 38

use of various biochemicals to inactivate parts of the brain by causing gene mutations critical to their development or functioning

Question 39

transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 39

applicaiton of intense magnetic fields to temporarily deactivate neurons below the magnet

Question 40

phrenology

Answer 40

relating skull anatomy to behavior