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psychobio > exam 1 chapter 3 > Flashcards

exam 1 chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ventral

A

towards stomach

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2
Q

dorsal

A

towards back

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3
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

bell-magendie law

A

entering dorsal roots carry sensory information and the exiting ventral roots carry motor information

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

outside brain and spinal cord
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

somatic nervous system

A

convey sensory information to CNS
transmit messages for motor movement from CNS to the body

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7
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

regulates automatic behaviors of the body (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.)

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8
Q

gray matter

A

located in the center of the spinal cord and is densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites

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9
Q

white matter

A

composed mostly of myelinated axons that carry information from the graymatter to the brain or other areas of the spinal cord

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10
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

network of nerves that prepares organs for rigorous activity

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11
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

facilitates vegetative, non-emergency responses by the organs

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12
Q

forebrain

A

cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus

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13
Q

midbrain

A

tectum, tegmentum, superior/inferior colliculi, sibstantia nigra

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14
Q

hindbrain

A

pons, cerebellum, medulla

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15
Q

cranial nerves

A

allow the medulla to control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and many parasympathetic outputs to the organs

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16
Q

cerebral cortex

A

receives sensory information and controls motor movement from the opposite (contralateral) side of the body

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17
Q

thalamus

A

relay station from the sensory organs and main source of input to the cortex

18
Q

hypothalamus

A

conveys messages to the pituitary gland to trigger the release of hormones

19
Q

limbic system

A

consists of a number of other interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstemh

20
Q

hippocampus

A

large structure located between the thalamus and cerebral cortex, critical for storing memories

21
Q

ventricles

A

four fluid filled cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid

22
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear fluid similar to blood plasma found in the brain and spinal cord
provides cushioning for the brain, reservoir of hormones and nutrition for the brain and spinal cord

23
Q

central canal

A

fluid filled channel in the center of the spinal cord

24
Q

4 lobes of cerebral cortex

A

occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal

25
Q

occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex, important for visual information

26
Q

parietal lobe

A

contains postcentral gyrus
responsible for processing eye, head, body positions from info from muscles and joints
essential for spacial information

27
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

primary target for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors

28
Q

temporal lobe

A

target for auditory information and essential for processing spoken language

29
Q

frontal lobe

A

contains prefrontal cortex and precentral gyrus

30
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

the integration center for all sensory information and other areas of the cortex
responsible for abstract thinking and planning, working memory, making decisions

31
Q

precentral gyrus

A

primary motor cortex
responsible for the control of fine motor movement

32
Q

corpus callosum

A

largest of all commissures in the brain

33
Q

gyrus

A

outward fold (hill)

34
Q

sulcus

A

inward fold (valley)

35
Q

laminae

A

six distinct layers that are parallel to surface of cerebral cortex

36
Q

ablation

A

removal of a brain area

37
Q

lesion

A

damage to a brain area, often done for research

38
Q

gene-knockout approach

A

use of various biochemicals to inactivate parts of the brain by causing gene mutations critical to their development or functioning

39
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation

A

applicaiton of intense magnetic fields to temporarily deactivate neurons below the magnet

40
Q

phrenology

A

relating skull anatomy to behavior

psychobio (13 decks)

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