Exam 4 Flashcards
1
Q
If you add a small space on the roof..
Increased wind load
Increased roof live load
Increased roof dead load
Increased snow load
A
Increased snow load - why?
2
Q
Integrated ceiling
Louvered ceiling
Coffered ceiling
Luminous ceiling
A
Integrated: clean and uniform appearance. Lines are aligned
Louvered ceiling: fitted with Louvered for ventilation
Coffered ceiling:
Luminous: shed light
3
Q
Class A, B, C, D fire extinguisher
A
A: cloth, paper, plastic
B: gas, liquid, grease
C: electrical equipment
D: metal
4
Q
How many percent of floor area should be aside for shafts?
A
4%
5
Q
Bentonite clay at wall to floor joints
A
Water stop used at wall to floor joints in foundations subject to potential groundwater intrusion due to the location of the water.
6
Q
What to use for foundations subject to water pressure if they are detailed correctly?
A
Concrete Masonry
What about cast in place concrete? No
7
Q
Common cause of failure in retaining wall:
A
Overturning
Horizontal sliding
Settling
8
Q
Low maintenance and environmentally sensitive landscaping in hot arid climate
A
Natural grass lawn? No
Artificial turf? No (plastic cannot be an environmentally friendly material at all)
Planting bed? It requires a good amount of maintenance. It’s in boxes, not natural looking
Xeriscaping ? Yessss
This uses drought-tolerant plant species in order to reduce the need for an irrigation system.
9
Q
Building close to airport
A
Central air heating and cooling
Baffled vent
Exterior wallboard with resilient channel
Triple-pane windows
What about insulation for interior wall? No! Sound is from outside
10
Q
Transit oriented development for a 5000 multi family apartment complex very close to transit infrastructure?
What development should be here to benefit from existing infrastructure?
A
No- this kind of development should be for very large project to be effective
Landfill development
11
Q
Developing a site in a sustainable way
A
Selecting a site with a building that can be renovated
Providing pervious drainage
Connecting to existing public transportation
12
Q
Why AHJ evaluate the flow rate from the waste water for industrial project?
A
To ensure they do not exceed the capacity on the treatment plant
To ensure they do not exceed the capacity of the collection system
13
Q
Mowed lawns slope?
A
5% to 25%
Lawn above 25% slopes are dangerous to mow
14
Q
Close to highway??
A
Build as far as possible.
What about a sound barrier wall close to the house?
It’s Brett to be close to highway, as tall as possible, and be impervious to air flow
15
Q
Approximately what percentage of the site should be allocated for surface parking and landscaping?
A
25% building
50% parking
25% landscaping
16
Q
R value of
Expanded polyurethane
Molded polystyrene
Extruded polystyrene
Cellulose
Polyisocyanirate
Rock wool
A
6.2 per inch
3.6 per inch
5 per inch
3.7 per inch
7.2 per inch
3.3 per inch
17
Q
Green roof in northeast
A
Low height plants
Hardy plants(less water or no water)
Dought resistant species
18
Q
Extensive green roof
Intensive green roof
Bed green roof
A
Low depth
Thicker depth
In the beds
19
Q
Capital expenditures of a project
Fixed expenses
Operatngcost
Revenue
A
Physical and tangible:
Like buying computers
Fixed expenses: property hazard and liability insurance
Real estate taxes
Reserved for Future replacement
Operating costs: Repairing
Maintenance
Utilities
Management costs
Marketing
Revenge: total projected rent- operating cost - fixed cost - capital expenses
20
Q
What is operating cost
A
Utilities
Repairs
Maintenance
Management cost
Marketing
Administration
21
Q
What will be evaluated during value engineering:
A
Product initial cost
Life expectancy
Replacement coat
Energy usage cost
22
Q
BEEF
LEED
EIE
EPD
A
Provid environmental and economic data for products and is specific to the USA
Certification includes life cycle analysis as part of the certification
This program is not specific to the United States
Environmental product declarations are based on life cycle analysis but it’s not a tool to generate life cycle analysis
23
Q
Ease of constructibility
A
Have enough distance from an adjacent building
Have 1/2” shin space at all exterior glazing
Incorporate prefabricated components
Provide slotted connections at interior bearing walls
24
Q
If the contractor buys cabinet for cheaper than what was expected, and he is supposed to get 40% of the profit, does retainage (10% for example) will be an indicator that how much a contractor will get?
A
No
25
Project planning and design
Preliminary Design
Site information
Building placement
Design alternative
Environmental design
Cultural and environmental and behavioral
SD to DD
26
Determining the building location
Building orientation
Wind patterns
Microclimate issues ( shadow، actual wind pattern)
Solis: (percolation, topography, septic system, cut and fill )
Detention pond
Retention pond
Bioswale
General drainage
Wetland and regulations
EPA
-Encapsulate -remove -remediate -bio-remediate (adding other substances like microbes!)
Like existence is a tank underground
27
The septic system is a huge driving factor for rural area
Urban area have city system
28
Get rid of the run off
Porous paving for patio parking lots using more plants
Green roof
Detention pond
Retention pond
29
Detention
The pipe system has a restrictor to let water leave slowly to the city system. Not to supercharge the facility
30
Parking lots and drainage system
Vaults when you cannot have retention or detention, so you can have a small container cistern to lead water to underground retention or detention storage
Or detention retention (exposed systems)
31
X amount of rain in an area
If it’s lower that certain amount of treehhold, they will let the water to drain into the city system
If it's above the threshold, they can use a detention pond to slow the glow down
32
Retention
Bio swale
General drain
Hold the water
The water eventually sips into the soil
Evaporate
Bioswale: parking lots that have a pond in front of cars. It will have plants 🍃 plants should be resistant to water when they are soaked in water
25 feet more will be needed in parking lots for bioswales!! Consider that!
General drain: do not manipulate the natural watershed! We do not change the pattern of wetlands!
33
Are wetlands always wet?
No! Sometimes thecwayersher is not visible and above ground
34
Wetlands
Part of watersheds
Do not miss the natural watershed
Lawsuit
Can you build on it?
Yes if you buy another land next to it and build a watershed. Moving the wetland
Expensive
Is flood plain the same as watershed? No!
The floodplain will be filled with flood. Occasionally
35
No evidence of REC
RECOGNIZED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
36
Executive summary in EPA 1 is important
37
Federal NPL
National list of places with issues
38
Swamp pump
Not a big deal from EPA standpoint
39
Architect will never recommend the EPA 1or 2
Architect helps owner to understand
40
Mercury in soil
Solidification and stabilization
Put chemicals to make soil solidify to hold on to the mercury
Water table? Freeze it
41
Lead paint on window cases in a school
Sand out is not the best choice if students are there
Encapsulate it: repaint on top of it
(not the best idea for very little kids that chew the stuff)
Removal of pieces of wood (best way)
42
Determine sustainable approach:
Resilient design
Vulnerability assessment
Near amenities
Near transit
Compact and appropriate density
Preservation and Development of open space
Active lifestyle compact development (pocket parks, …)
Brownfield site adoption
General remediation
Adaptive reuse building
Low impact development
Passive site heating/cooling
Stormwater management (runoff issue)
Native plants
Water reuse
Efficient irrigation (lawn is not sustainable because it needs a large amount of irritation) Sometimes during irrigation, water evaporates. Drip like
Porous pavers (sips into soil)
Green roof (to hold water in the location)
Bioswale (if we have enough space)
Balance cut and fill
Regional materials
Low waist
Heat island effect
Night sky lighting
Providing habitat
Renewable energy (wind, water, solar panels) high initial cost
Somewhere water is a problem
Increasing the windows on the retail part of the street to make lives active
43
Plot of survey
At minimum should show all improvements (walkway, buildings, easement, gazebo…), boundaries, topography, trees, …
44
Metes and bound
Does not benchmark back
Base in landmarks
45
Covenant:
Private but mandatory
On deed
Tend to be more for the look of a community
46
Easement
Ride with Deeds stay with the land
No structure on the easement
Easement for view - scenic easement
we can have a walkway on it
47
We do not see the setback lines on a survey.
If we see setback lines on a survey, those are easements, not a real setback
For example: when you see a 2’ setback from all sides, that is easement.
When you see a front set back for 30’
It means a covenant. (can't be for easement because it's too much)
48
-What can you have in a setback?
-Setback is a zoning issues
-Covenants and easements are on Deed
Fence
garden boxes
Furniture
49
Transit-oriented is a context
Density is a context (walkability, retail, active life)
Scale and massing (future scale is the important one)
Neighborhood continuity (street frontage: 10’ distance between buildings with storefront) so we should have the same look- or all entrances are on the main retail walkway, ours should be like that)
Streets
Retail street( volume, speed, ) and street patterns should be continued.
Parking:
-In front of buildings or back house
-A residential area has a garage door at the front
50
Impact of context on design:
Acoustic:
Sometimes by studying a context, we see problems with a site. Like our site is close to the highway! What if we have a daycare?
Triple pane window
Buffering courtyard spaces to buffer the sound
Cultural context:
Like connection to a history of a context
Use type: does the use fit?
What if we have the least expansive house on a street
Or having a 5 m house in a sketchy area! Can you please u sell it?
Materiality
All masonry neighborhood buildings
Or all brick building
Microclimate (wind and shadow pattern...)
Context and shadow
Big buildings are around or small and short?
51
Cultural context
Different location have different design
52
Building a new building in a historical street
Pay attention to
Lines
Size of windows
Pattern and setbacks
Materials
Height
Mass
53
Behavioral expectation
The building, the entrance, the drive way should be where people expect them there
Clarity of way finding
Clear statement of purpose
Help the neighborhood not just the client
Kevin lynch (line, edge, district, node,..)
54
What is the lowest slope
What is the lowest slope that we make sure water is actively running
For walking
Landscaping
%1
%2 (1:48)
%2 to %10 reasonable - pleasant to live
More than %10: needs more work
More than %20: difficult to walk
%50 is maximum for soil
Landscaping:
55
If we dig so deep to creat some swales
We will need textile or retaining walls as structure for the deep swale
56
Contamination in water and vapor. What will be your recommendation as an architect
Architect are not supposed to recommend it
In general encapsulation is not good for water, because water moves
57
Putting a sidewalk caffe on a street with very tall building. Makes sense?
First we need to know if people there will need that coffee or not
Does it enhance the context?
Does it block sidewalk
Wind tunnels because of tall buildings around
58
The most cost-effective feature of a very hilly site to have residential buildings
Flattening building pads
59
An architect is working with a developer on a new riverside housing project. The project wants to take advantage of the adjacent river and wildlife habitats.
What is the minimum recommended width for a buffer between the development and the river to preserve the wildlife habitat?
300’
60
The architects for a proposed recreation center building in an urban neighborhood are discussing the best options for receiving community input on the project.
ways to engage local community stakeholders in the design process?
Questionnaires
Design charrettes
Workshops
61
The owner of a proposed three-story office building would like their architect to design the building so that it will receive LEED Gold certification and meet their specific energy usage goals. While the architect cannot guarantee this, they explain to the owner that if the building is built in accordance with their drawings and specifications, it will be capable of obtaining the desired certification and meeting the energy usage goals.
Which of the following factors that occur after design completion could affect the achievement of these sustainability goals?
Building systems operation and maintenance
Value engineering
Certification approval
Contractor documents
Permit approval? No
Shop drawing approval? No
62
A mid-sized city is updating a historic riverway that has suffered from years of deferred maintenance and neglect. Their goal is to tear down abandoned factory buildings that line the river to provide open park spaces that can be enjoyed by the public.
Which of the following types of urban historic landscape projects would this project be?
Redevelopment of urban space
63
A developer and their architect are planning to build a mixed-use building on a large suburban downtown site that is located two blocks from a commuter rail station. The building will contain high-density commercial and residential uses, with a pedestrian orientation and reduced parking requirements.
Based on this information, what type of project is being proposed by the developer and the architect
Transit oriented development
64
An architect is working on a new high-rise building and the client requests that sustainable materials and practices be used as much as possible.
Which of the following are strategies the architect could employ to meet the client's goal
Utilize local labor: no
Utilize smart technology:yes
Utilize prefabricated building elements:yes
Select products with high recycled content: yes
Specify high-VOC paint
Minimize field finishing of materials: yes
65
What types of soil information will the geotechnical survey provide?
Permeability
Cohesion
Moisture content
pH level: No
Frost level: No
Shearing strength
66
An architect is working on a renovation to an existing office building. The owner has asked to incorporate sustainable practices on the property, but would like to minimize the impact to the existing building as much as possible.
Which of the following solutions should the architect suggest?
Rainwater collection
Geothermal heat
Photovoltaic array
67
A neighborhood with a multicultural population in a large city has become eligible to receive city funding for renewal development projects. One of the requirements for the funding is the preservation of the cultural context of the neighborhood.
Which of the following analyses should be undertaken first to evaluate potential development projects for the neighborhood?
Urban analysis: yes
Zoning code analysis: No
Program analysis:No
Building code analysis: No
68
An architect is working with their partner to determine which types of services need to be performed on the various project types handled by their office.
Which of the following projects is most likely to require a master plan?
Suburban office addition
Community college expansion: Yes
University renovation of historic structures
Urban infill mixed-use building
69
An architect is assisting the owner of several automobile dealerships with the selection of a site for a new dealership in a suburban area. There are several available sites in the area and they all have existing buildings that would need to be demolished for the proposed new construction.
Which of the following types of buildings are more likely to have a contaminated site that might require remediation? Check the four that apply.
Print shop: Yes
Dry cleaner: Yes
Restaurant: No
Gas station: yes
Grocery store: no
75-year-old house: Yes
70
Assembly: A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Business: B
Educational: E
Factory: F1 F2
High hazard: H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
Institutional: I1 I2 I3 I4
Merchandise: M
Residential: R1 R2 R3 R4
Storage: S1 S2
Utility and Miscellaneous: U
A building that use for assembly purposes but has the oil less than 50: Business
71
Small assembly spaces:
Less than 50 person, and if they are accessory to a different occupancy, they should be considered as Business
72
Erosion
Silt fences
Plants
Gravel
73
Grand stair
It’s not an egress stairs
Aesthetic
Look
There are some rules about treads and rise
74
Comfort
Temperature and humidity
75
Stand pipes
Like a fire hydrant but for a building
Three classes for standpipes:
Class I: 2 1/2” pipe and no hoses
Class II: 1 1/2” pipe and 100’ hose
Class III: both 1 1/2” and 2 1/2”
76
Automatic ventilation hatches
It’s not for smoke, it’s mostly for heat.
Smoke dissipation is mostly a minor than a heat dissipation)
77
Parallel blade or opposed blade for dampers
Opposed blades: zig zag (modulated) it’s like glob valve
Parallel: to completely open it or close it (it’s like gate valve)
78
Amber book practice problem - all divisions
Electrical equipment distance
What is the maximum spacing for electrical outlets behind a kitchen?
4’
On bathroom walls, there must be a receptacle at least 3 feet from the outside edge of the sink basin
If we have major electrical equipment like switch gear, meter, switches, we need at least 3’ clearance
30” wide working area for equipment less than 600v
Hallways more than 10 feet long must have at least one electrical outlet, preferably at the mid-point.
Minimum headroom clearance of 6’ or the height of equipment which ever greater
Maximum spacing between electrical receptacle (generally not in ketches) :12’
Each wall more than 2’ must have a receptacle
No point along a wall should be more than 6’ from a receptacle and that 6’ cannot across a door or fire place
Residential:
A receptacle every 575 sf
For kitchen no point on the wall behind a counter should be more than 2’ from a receptacle
Outlets should not be positioned higher than 20 inches above countertops
Any counter more than 1’ requires to have a receptacle
Receptacle cannot be lower than 18” above the floor nor can be higher than 5.5’
Floor receptacle should have a cover
They cannot be on surfaces like bathroom, kitchen, or garages
79
Microwave refrigerator dishwasher and any other permanent devise must have:
It’s own dedicated circuit
Dishwasher also
80
Where can’t outlet be?
Never should be lower than 18” above a garage floor, gasoline fumes hover.
In general they should not be lower than 18”.
Or
Higher than 5.5’
They cannot be directly over a sink, tub, electrical base board heater.
81
HVAC filters
Charcoal:
Activated charcoal system. Removing odors and chemicals from the air. It is very resistant to air flow. It can be noise and consume electricity. Low air velocity it should be to be able to remove the odor. They have to be replaced regularly.
Electrostatic: charged plates. Like rubbing a balloon on your hair and then a lot of particles get stuck to the balloon. Expensive to install.
Have to be clean regularly. We don’t have to replace them we only need to maintain them. Less resistance to air flow.
If you have a weak fan, or convoluted ducted system, or you want less noise, then we can have electrostatic filter.
Fibrous (what we use at home)
It removes dust, dirt, mold spores. They must be replaced regularly.
High performance filter: HEPA filter which have smaller pores. More energy the fan consume. Noise consequences.
82
Pressure needed for some fixtures
Most to least:
Water closet flush valve
Urinal
Sink, shower, laundry machine, hose bib, dishwasher machine, bathtub faucet (around 5-6)
Less:
bidet
Lavatory faucet
Water closet with close coupled tank, ballcock
83
IIC
Impact insulation class
Code minimum:50
65 is good
Decoupling the finish floor from the structure below.
From less to most robust:
1-Concrete floor
2-concrete floor + thin acoustic underlayment
3-Concrete floor + spring isolation hangers + batt insulation+ gypsum ceiling
4- concrete floor + thick acoustics underlayment
5-concrete floor + thin acoustic underlayment + spring rod and batt insulation and ceiling panel
6-concrete floor + thick acoustic underlayment + spring rods + batt insulation + ceiling
7-floating two concrete floors with acoustic underlayment between them
8-concrete floor with carpet on it
9- concrete floor + spring isolation hangers + batt insulation + ceiling
10- Two concrete flooring (floating slab) with an acoustic layer between them and spring isolation hangers + gypsum ceiling
84
Is carpet on slab a long solution?
No, because what if next owner rip off the carpet
85
Wood construction
IIC
Code minimum: 50
Best number we can get is 65
IIC 50: Wood floor + batt insulation + spring hangers + ceiling
IIC 55: thick underlayment above sheathing + gypsum concrete topping
IIC 65: ( less likely to get complaints)
Carpet on floor (but not a permanent solution)
86
Rentable area
Useable are
What is gross-up factor?
Everything but spaces that are shared with other floors
Useable area: where we can carpet the floor (everything but core)
Gross up factor: rentable are / useable area higher the number is the building is less efficient
87
Uniform at
 Master format
Uniform at list things by system like foundation structure stair
Master format developed first
Master format list things by material like concrete, steel, wood stone

88
Phased bid
Phased construction
Phased bid is fast track
Designing and bidding happening simultaneously
Phased construction:
Design for expansion
Element of
89
Which are developed as a part of the programming phase
Adjacencies
Budget
Code
Goals for the project
Preliminary design schism
Research into building type
Adjacencies
Budget
Research into building type
Goals for the project
90
Play Survay for cities
Modern time
In rural: metes and bounds
Old fashion
91
LLC, which is life cycle costing
And
LCA which is life cycle analysis
LCC is an economic analysis that is used in selection of alternatives and it includes construction and first cost,
maintenance and lifespan and repair
LCA assess environmental impacts from the raw material extraction manufacturing distribution installation, repair, and maintenance 
92
The neighborhoods population is expected to grow to grow by 4000 people over the next decade bringing in 300 to 500 additional elementary school student will you design the new elementary school sized for current number of a student enrolled for 300 additional students for 500 additional students or four 400 addition of a student
We call it future facility demand:
We should design for future expansion in the present time. Redesign for minimum additional students which is 300 or for maximum additional students which is 500.
93
LCC DECISION
AUTOMATION DECISION
computer can calculate and make decisions
ROUTIN DECISIONS
People do that
ONE TIME DECISION (construction industry as well)
Everyone stuck with the decision
94
Buckling coloumn
Column compression
In proportion with E and I
And in reverse with L (به توان ۲)
P( the force in the column divided by cross-sectional area)
95
Acoustic
Windows are upper ( better)
Door: put your widows out of your listening zone
Put the door out of the listening zone
96
Wind
Building on stilts has good ventilation.
Keep the bushes away from the building and trees with big canopies should be used.
97
Transfer shower
3’ wide and 3’ deep
Clear floor space 36x48
12” beyond the shower space on one side
12-15 “ the depth of seat
L shaped for seat
Clear floor space in front of a shower without a seat
Beveled floor or having a trench in case of changing floor finish
The lavatory can be inside the floor clearance in front of the shower space
Grab bars on the side and back walls
Standard rolling showers can have a seat too
Roll-in shower the space of shower floor clearance should be 30 x 60“ lavatory can be in this curious but not any other fixtures 12 inches beyond the wall that has a seat
For transfer for transfer bathroom, we need to have L-shaped seats 12 to 15 inches for the center part and 23 to 25 inches to the sea Carawan. We need grab bars on two sides of the shower walls if you have a set  for transfer for transfer bathroom we need to have L-shaped seat 12 to 15 inch for the center part and 23 to 25 inch to the sea Carawan. We need grab bars on two sides of the shower walls if you have a set y
The tub should have a temporary or built and if it has a built-in it needs to have 12-inch clearance for this seat to rotate
we need to double grab on the back wall one small 18-inch length grab on the sidewall and one 18-inch grab on the left side the curious is 3rd inch to the west of the bathtub we can have. We can have a lavatory and this floor is curious but not any other fixtures.
98
what is a structural bay ratio threshold that we can jump from one way a structural to a two-way structural system
2:1
99
The windward slope of the roof (roof pitch is 7:12)
The windward side of the roof with pitch up to 7:12will be negative pressure
The windward side of the roof with a pitch greater than 7:12 will be positive windward side
100
Most vulnerable wall is the case of earthquake
Um- Reinforced Masonary walls
101
combustion air intake for the laboratories
Or for air intake for boilers furnaces
Should be under the boiler
102
Blast resistance building
Locate the extent of .4 from building so event with bomb cannot get very close to the building.
Concrete with extra rebar’s
Building with materials that are able to bend, but not break ductility . Thin light gauge metal is start with bracing can be ductile
The last resistant glazing systems,
Avoid Masonary 
103
Plastic piping
ABS
PVC
Plastic piping has less friction, which is good but more thermal expansion which we cannot use plastic piping for a long distance they will break up
ABS: four waste water, so they cannot tolerate the high-pressure of supply water. They are for vent wastewater . Easy to install.
In expensive
Low friction
PVC:
Not for supply water because this kind of piping cannot handle UV, high temperature, and high-pressure. The supply water is under high-pressure so we cannot use PVC and ABS.
PVC is being used mostly for irrigation and waste water
CPVC:
A type of PVC that can be used for hot water and drinking water as well 
PEx:
Blue for cold water, and read for a hot water
Copper: ductile
Mostly for bigger buildings
Expensive
More friction
Supply water
K m l
Resistant to UV so you can leave it outdoor
CPVC or PEX
PEx less noisier
CPVC can tolerate more heat
CPVCc can tolerate more pressure
104
Entrance and exit off a parking
Entrance goes to Major Street and exit goes to Mina
It’s always more efficient to have exit and entrance separated for a parking
Put the exit discharge for away from the building on minor Street why ? Because is exiting cars always tend to drive a slower
The entrance or exit, should not be very close to intersections 
105
What are appropriate and inappropriate floor finish when we have flooring radiant system
Carpet is not that good
Hardwood is not that good, because of expansion and
Engineered wood is better than hardwood
Ceramic and tiles are the best
Vinyls not bad, but it should not be too hot
106
When we are being asked about embodied embodied energy per kilogram, or LBS, keep in mind that 1 kg of aluminum has more material than 1 kg of steel so all the menu in this case will have more embodied energy than steel or concrete
107
PTAK
PTAK: packaged terminal air conditioner
Same as window unit but in a wall or you have a closet for it.
A lot control
Inexpensive
Easy to instal
Very noisy
Ugly
Inefficient because each room should have one condenser and evaporator.
108
Mini split
One outdoor unit which serves multiple indoor units
No duct
Heating and cooling
Efficient because one condenser serves multiple indoor units
Quite
Expensive
Not got large buildings
109
Fan coil for residential
Remote ducted, air handling units in the Corredor 
110
2 way slab and beam construction
High floor to floor ratio
Expensive
Square bays
111
Cost estimating in
Programming
SD
DD
CD
Programming: rough order of magnitude - off by 2x
SD unit rate because we know how many units we have
In CD: number of pipe bend, number of epdm rolls when we know how many square footage area we have in the roof.
112
Engineering flooring
like laminated that this engineered wood flooring consist of 35 or seven layers of wood Winnier H oriented at 90° to the adjacent layer
Like plywood
Some of this engineered wood can be glued together on their sides, and then lay on the concrete floor or loosely, but some of engineered wood can be glued directly to the concrete

Because engineered wood, like laminated block, flooring are more stable and expanding for shrinking 
113
Resilient flooring
Vinyl
Vinyl composite
Asphalt
Rubber
Cork
Cork is the best which is sustainable and made of natural material
Where we need acoustical flooring or resilient flooring we use cork flooring
114
Cellulose insulation
Low embody energy
High recycled content
115
What insulation may have asbesto
Loose fill vermiculite
116
If in some places like basement we use batt insulation
Batt that has a flame -resistance facing because it’s left exposed
117
Types of insulation
 loose insulation like vermiculite perlite fiberglass, mineral wool, rock wool
Batt: fiberglass high-density and low-density
Board: EPS XPS ployiso
118
Board insulation or rigid insulation
organic or inorganic material, formed into the rigid board, organic like wood, cane, fiber, or straw that is sand wedged between a coating of Bituminous or foil or paper. 
or it can be in organic like XPS, EPS, poly iso
119
XPS EPS polyiso
Xps has a higher R-value
It’s more expensive than the other two
It’s a close-cell
Closed cell means as you hear this cells are compacted rigidly together and do not allow air or moisture to encroach into the space. They are more rejected because they are closed-cell insulation materials. Below grade, roofing system
 closed cell means as you hear this cells are compacted rigidly together and do not allow air or moisture to encroach into the space. They are more rejected because they are closed-cell insulation materials.
Xps which is extruded is more rigid than EPS and is used for residential sheathing and walls, foundation, and roof insulation.
EPS (expanded polystyrene) is the same as the foam we see everywhere. It's a closed cell - it is for roofing and wall - moistur migration can be a problem
Polyiso: closed cell
Laminated between engineered facing material
It can be blown in place but not below grade. Except inside of the foundation walls. Better to have at least 9% recycled contract for the EPA purposes
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Sprayed foam
IVC requires a spray applied foam insulation products to be sseparated from the interior of the building with an approved thermal barrier, such as half-inch thick chips and wallboard IVC requires a spray-applied foam insulation products to be separated from the interior of the building with an approved thermal barrier, such as half-inch thick gypsum wallboard
The most common sprayed foams are cellulose (paper and a fire reverser substance
The second one is fiberglass )BIBS)
Rock wool is commonly used for commercial building
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Radiant barrier
Sheets
Highly reflective
Aluminum
It faces an open space
Most often by blocking summer heat
Sometimes to help retain winter heat
When a radiant barrier which is a sheet combined with insulation, we call it reflective insulation
In cold climate we can face the radiant barrier toward the warm side of a room
I hot climate we face the radiant barrier toward the outside to reflect the heat toward the space
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ICF
XPS
used for foundation walls
they can be used from foundation to the roof 

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SIP
Structural, insulated panels
skin tension
two skins sandwiched with an inner core of rigid, insulating material 

EPS
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Shingles
Soft and smooth surface
Can be in felt and wood
Different colors
If the surface is not smooth it is a shake
The wooden one is manufactured from cedar
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Roofing tile
The slope is 4:12 or greater
Slate is very expensive
Very durable (100 yr)
Heavy
Should be on a sloped roof 4:12 or greater
They laid like shingles with sides and edsa overlapping
It is fire-resistance
Attached with copper or galvanized nails driven through pre-punched holes
Clay tile:
Expensive
Fire reactance
Heavy
Diff colors
Shapes
Concrete:
Less expensive than slate and clay
Fire resistance
Metal roofing system:
Expensive
Durable
Copper, galvanized iron, aluminum,
Terneplate
The necessary accessories like gutter, downspout, and fasteners are available in copper as well
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Which metal roofing is maintenance free
Stainless steel is maintenance-free
Very expensive
Very durable
The roof must be designed to allow for expansion and contraction.
The minimum slope for a metal roof is 3:12
Interlocking joints fabricated min field
Most metal roofs I stalled on asphalt roofs which are laid on wood or concrete decking
If it is terneplate which has tin, the asphalt felt is replaced with rosin sized paper
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Performed panels
Corrugatedorflutedmetal or assemblies of two finishes of the metal face with insulation between
In the roof they span purlins and in the wall system they span horizontal girts
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How to install built up roof
It depends
If the roof deck is nailable or it's not Nailable
If it is nailable, a base sheet of unsaturated felt is nailed to the deck and covered with a coating of roofing cement
If it is not nailable
The base sheet can be removed from the assembly
5layers is the most protective system
A final coating should be applied on top of all layers then gravel tonproyltect the roofing from sunlight
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Inverted memberqne roof
In traditional built-up roof members, we have a baseboard on the nailing roof then 3 or 5 layers of felt and membrane on top of it. Then at the end a layer of coating on top of built-up layers and then ballast to protect the roof from the sun (on a nonnailing roof we remove the baseboard)
In an inverted membrane roof system, we have rigid insulation on top of all of the layers. Simply defined as a type of roof construction where the waterproofing layer lies beneath the insulation instead of above it — as in other forms of roofing — inverted roofs ensure that the complete roof construction, including roof covering, is kept at warm temperatures during winter months and at moderate temperatures during the summer months.
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What if we have built up roofing system, and a chimney how to flash around the chimneys wall?
intersection of a vertical obstacle and build up the roof should be is with a triangular Kent stripe so that the fouls do not have to be bent at a 90° angle 
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Disadvantages of built up roof
Weight. One of the significant disadvantages of a built-up roof is its weight. ...
Installation Complexity. The installation of BUR is more complex and time-consuming compared to some other roofing systems. ...
Potential for Leaks. ...
Limited Design Flexibility. ...
Odor and Fumes. ...
Environmental Impact.
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What type of the roof last the longest
Slate
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What type of flashing is installed on the sides of a chimney at the roof?
Step flashing is primarily used against the sides of walls and
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Roof-mounted equipment should be placed on curbs and the curbs should be flashed
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gories: thermoset plastics and thermoplas-
The quality o f a built-up roofing system is tics. When thermoset plastics are cured by being
largely dependent on proper installation, subjected to heat, they harden into a perma-
nent shape. Once they have set, fi they are
which is labor intensive. For this reason, heated they wil char rather than melt again,
single-ply roofing has come into
so they cannot be remolded. On the other
widespread use.
hand, thermoplastic materials, also called thermo-
plastics, can be repeatedly softened by heating and hardened by cooling, so they can be remolded. Ther-
moset roofing materials include EPDM and CSPE. Thermoplastic roofing materials include PVC and
TPO, as well as various hybrid blends.
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM roofing is athermoset plastic membrane manufactured in thick- nesses of 0.045 in and 0.060 in. It has excellent resistance to weathering, heat, and fatigue, but is only available ni black. Because ti si a thermoset material, seams of EPDM roofing must be sealed with adhe- sive or pressure-sensitive tape. EPDM can be installed loose and covered with ballast, fully adhered with
adhesive, mechanically fastened, or used in a protected membrane roof system. EPDM is one of the most common types of single-ply membrane roofing materials.
Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE), trademarked as Hypalon, si highly resistant to weathering and is avail- able ni white. As a roofing material, ti is applied fuly adhered. However, CSPE roofing has generally been superseded by PVC and TPO roofing.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) roofing si a thermoplastic membrane manufactured in thicknesses of 0.048 in, 0.060 in, and 0.072 in. PVC membranes have excellent resistance to weathering (including hail), are easy to install, and are relatively inexpensive. PVC tends to be more resistant to animal fats and other types of oils than other membranes. It loses flexibility over time, so many manufacturers add a resin called ketone ethylene ester (KEE), trademarked as Elvaloy, to the material; this helps maintain flexibility perma- nently. Seams are heat welded. PVC can be installed loose and covered with ballast, fuly adhered with adhesive, mechanically fastened, or used as a part of a protected membrane roof system. It si available in white, tan, or gray. However, as mentioned in Chap. 13, PVC can cause environmental problems during manufacture and disposal.
Thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) roofing is a type of single-ply membrane made with a blend of polypropy- lene and ethylene propylene. It can be installed loose and covered with ballast, fuly adhered with adhe- sive, mechanically fastened, or used as a part of a protected membrane roof system. The mechanically attached system is used where high wind uplift is a concern and for reroofing applications. It is available in 45 mil, 60 mil, and 80 mil thicknesses. It has a lower installation cost than EPDM and can be ordered in a variety of colors, but white, tan, and gray are the most common.
Both PVC and T O roofing materials are available ni white, making them good choices for cool roof systems that minimize heat transfer into abuilding and the subsequent energy needed to cool it, as well as for minimizing the heat island effect. The beat island efect is the unnatural buildup of heat around buildings, especially in urban areas. Some jurisdictions such as California require the use of cool roofs to minimize interior heat gain and save energy. They can also help a building gain LEED credits. Anew, white PVC or TPO roof wil reflect approximately 78% of the radiant energy striking it, compared with about 6% for a black EPDM roof. This si ideal for climates where cooling demand outweighs heating demand. In northern areas of the country, however, where heating takes precedence over cooling, a white roof isn't necessarily the most energy efficient option.
Because PVC and T O membranes are thermoplastics, they can be recycled for roofing, but thermoset membranes such as EPDM cannot be reused for roofing. To be recycled, EDM roofing must be chopped up and mixed with another material to make another product, such as rubber flooring.
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California
Single ply
In some areas in California using a cool roof is mandatory
Then the membrane should be white like PVS and to
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Pvc and tpoare recyclable
Epdm is not. To recycle it, they add some substance to make rubbers
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To control the depth of sealant in an expansion joint, we should use joint fillers and backing rod, then we can use sealant
