Exam 3 Flashcards
Split spoon
A tool for soil boring
Who identify the locations of boring?
Sometimes Architect
Contractor
Owner
If vibration generated by tools for soil boring is a lot and we are in town setting:
Use Hydraulic one
Not free fall!!
22 Boeings for a site?
Quite a big site
Sum pump
When we are excavating and we need to have a dry ground area
Sump pump is a must for projects that are below ground water.
Using sump pump is not very economical!! But a good solution for areas lower than ground water level.
If we have very big and heavy equipment what kind of foundation is needed
Mat or raft.
The number next to columns of a soil boring means how many counts
Liquefaction
Uniformly graded and has the ability to move like liquid
For seismic activity they test that
The number n
Vapor barrier and damp proofing
Vapor barrier does not offer as much as damp proofing offer.
Vapor barrier will not provide enough protection from moisture infiltration.
Vapor barrier usually used for keeping out water in its gaseous state.
Best ways to take care of water mitigation in foundation under ground water lever
Sump pump
Drainage Matt
Gravel under slab on grade
Perforated pipe under the foundation
You want to know if you can have a geothermal underground or not?
Geotechnical or soil report to see the lever of ground water
Class A B C interior finishes
Class a is between 0 to 25 (more restrictive)
Class B is between 26 and 75
Class C is between 76 and 200 
Interior Finishes Classification
Chapter 8 governs to use of materials for interior finishes, trim, and decorative materials with primary consideration of flame‐spread and smoke‐generation characteristics of materials.
Interior finishes are classified based on three possible testing systems:
‐ ASTM E 84 and UL 723 – divides materials in three classifications:
o Class A: Flame spread index 0‐25, smoke‐developed index 0‐450 o Class B: Flame spread index 26‐75, smoke‐developed index 0‐450 o Class C: Flame spread index 76‐200, smoke‐developed index 0‐450
‐ NFPA 286 (room corner test for interior wall and ceiling finishes)
‐ NFPA 265 (room corner test for textile wall coverings and expanded vinyl wall
coverings)
Finish classification requirements are listed in Table 803.9, based on whether the building is sprinklered, occupancy type and location in building.
Application of interior finish materials to fire‐resistance rated structural elements is governed by Section 803.11.
Fire Protection Systems
Chapter 9 governs active fire protection systems including fire sprinklers, smoke‐control systems, smoke and heat vents, fire alarms, standpipe systems and fire extinguishers and requirements for each one of these categories, largely governed by the California Fire Code.
Fire sprinkler systems are governed by the following standards:
‐ NFPA 13 – for any location required to have sprinkler systems
‐ NFPA 13R – for Group R occupancies up to 4 stories high
‐ NFPA 13D – for one or two‐family dwellings
Fire protection systems including sprinklers and fire alarm are typically designed by outside consultant and are deferred as part of Building Department submittal.
Fire extinguishers are required to be shown on architectural drawings and cannot be deferred and they are regulated by Section 906, noting required locations, type of fire extinguisher required, maximum distance of travel to fire extinguisher and installation requirements. Fire extinguishers are required to be placed in a conspicuous location and are not allowed to be obstructed or obscured.
SECTION 801 GENERAL
801.1 Scope.
Provisions of this chapter shall govern the use of materials used as interior finishes, trim and decorative materials.
801.2 Interior wall and ceiling finish.
The provisions of Section 803 shall limit the allowable fire performance and smoke development of interior wall and ceiling finish materials based on occupancy classification.
801.3 Interior floor finish.
The provisions of Section 804 shall limit the allowable fire performance of interior floor finish materials based on occupancy classification.
801.4 Decorative materials and trim.
Decorative materials and trim shall be restricted by combustibility and the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701, in accordance with Section 806. [F]
801.5 Applicability.
For buildings in flood hazard areas as established in Section 1612.3, interior finishes, trim and decorative materials below the design flood elevation shall be flood-damage-resistant materials.
801.6 Application.
Combustible materials shall be permitted to be used as finish for walls, ceilings, floors and other interior surfaces of buildings.
801.7 Windows.
Show windows in the exterior walls of the first story above grade shall be permitted to be of wood or of unprotected metal framing.
801.8 Foam plastics.
Foam plastics shall not be used as interior finish except as provided in Section 803.4. Foam plastics shall not be used as interior trim except as provided in Section 806.3 or 2604.2. This section shall apply both to exposed foam plastics and to foam plastics used in conjunction with a textile or vinyl facing or cover.
SECTION 802 DEFINITIONS
802.1 General.
The following words and terms shall, for the purposes of this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have the meanings shown herein.
FLAME SPREAD. The propagation of flame over a surface.
FLAME SPREAD INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from visual measurements of the spread of flame versus time for a material tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723.
INTERIOR FINISH. Interior finish includes interior wall and ceiling finish and interior floor finish.
INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH. The exposed floor surfaces of buildings including coverings applied over a finished floor or stair, including risers.
INTERIOR FLOOR-WALL BASE. Interior floor finish trim used to provide a functional and/or decorative border at the intersection of walls and floors. [F] INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH. The exposed interior surfaces of buildings, including but not limited to: fixed or movable walls and partitions; toilet room privacy partitions; columns; ceilings; and interior wainscoting, paneling or other finish applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical correction, surface insulation, structural fire resistance or similar purposes, but not including trim.
SITE-FABRICATED STRETCH SYSTEM. A system, fabricated on site and intended for acoustical, tackable or aesthetic purposes, that is comprised of three elements:
(a) a frame (constructed of plastic, wood, metal or other material) used to hold fabric in place,
(b) a core material (infill, with the correct properties for the application), and (c) an outside layer, comprised of a textile, fabric or vinyl, that is stretched taunt and held in place by tension or mechanical fasteners via the frame.
SMOKE-DEVELOPED INDEX. A comparative measure, expressed as a dimensionless number, derived from measurements of smoke obscuration versus time for a material tested in accordance with ASTM E 84.
TRIM. Picture molds, chair rails, baseboards, handrails, door and window frames and similar decorative or protective materials used in fixed applications.
SECTION 803 WALL AND CEILING FINISHES
803.1 General.
Interior wall and ceiling finish materials shall be classified for fire performance and smoke development in accordance with Section 803.1.1 or 803.1.2, except as shown in Sections 803.2 through 803.13. Materials tested in accordance with Section 803.1.2 shall not be required to be tested in accordance with Section 803.1.1.
803.1.1 Interior wall and ceiling finish materials.
Interior wall and ceiling finish materials shall be classified in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723. Such interior finish materials shall be grouped in the following classes in accordance with their flame spread and smoke-developed indexes.
Class A: Flame spread index 0-25; smoke-developed index 0-450. Class B: Flame spread index 26-75; smoke-developed index 0-450. Class C: Flame spread index 76-200; smoke-developed index 0-450.
Exception: Materials tested in accordance with Section 803.1.2.
803.1.2 Room corner test for interior wall or ceiling finish materials.
Interior wall or ceiling finish materials shall be permitted to be tested in accordance with NFPA 286. Interior wall or ceiling finish materials tested in accordance with NFPA 286 shall comply with Section 803.1.2.1.
803.1.3 Room corner test for textile wall coverings and expanded vinyl wall coverings.
Textile wall coverings and expanded vinyl wall coverings shall meet the criteria of Section 803.1.3.1 when tested in the manner intended for use in accordance with the Method B protocol of NFPA 265 using the product-mounting system, including adhesive.
803.1.4 Acceptance criteria for textile and expanded vinyl wall or ceiling coverings tested to ASTM E 84 or UL 723.
Textile wall and ceiling coverings and expanded vinyl wall and ceiling coverings shall have a Class A flame spread index in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723 and be protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2. Test specimen preparation and mounting shall be in accordance with ASTM E 2404.
803.2 Thickness exemption.
Materials having a thickness less than 0.036 inch (0.9 mm) applied directly to the surface of walls or ceilings shall not be required to be tested.
803.3 Heavy timber exemption.
Exposed portions of structural members complying with the requirements for buildings of Type IV construction in Section 602.4 shall not be subject to interior finish requirements.
803.4 Foam plastics.
Foam plastics shall not be used as interior finish except as provided in Section 2603.9. This section shall apply both to exposed foam plastics and to foam plastics used in conjunction with a textile or vinyl facing or cover.
803.5 Textile wall coverings.
Where used as interior wall finish materials, textile wall coverings, including materials having woven or nonwoven, napped, tufted, looped or similar surface and carpet and similar textile materials, shall be tested in the manner intended for use, using the product mounting system, including adhesive, and shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.2, 803.1.3 or 803.1.4.
803.6 Textile ceiling coverings.
Where used as interior ceiling finish materials, textile ceiling coverings, including materials having woven or nonwoven, napped, tufted, looped or similar surface and
carpet and similar textile materials, shall be tested in the manner intended for use, using the product mounting system, including adhesive, and shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.2 or 803.1.4.
803.7 Expanded vinyl wall coverings.
Where used as interior wall finish materials, expanded vinyl wall coverings shall be tested in the manner intended for use, using the product mounting system, including adhesive, and shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.2, 803.1.3 or 803.1.4.
803.8 Expanded vinyl ceiling coverings.
Where used as interior ceiling finish materials, expanded vinyl ceiling coverings shall be tested in the manner intended for use, using the product mounting system, including adhesive, and shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.2 or 803.1.4.
803.9 Interior finish requirements based on group.
Interior wall and ceiling finish shall have a flame spread index not greater than that specified in Table 803.9 for the group and location designated. Interior wall and ceiling finish materials tested in accordance with NFPA 286 and meeting the acceptance criteria of Section 803.1.2.1, shall be permitted to be used where a Class A classification in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723 is required.
TABLE 803.9 INTERIOR WALL AND CEILING FINISH REQUIREMENTS BY OCCUPANCY k
SPRINKLEREDl
NONSPRINKLERED
GROUP
Exit enclosures and exit passagewaysa, b
Corridors
Rooms and enclosed spacesc
Exit enclosures and exit passagewaysa, b
Corridors
Rooms and enclosed spacesc
A-1&A-2 B B C A-3f,A-4,A-5 B B C B,E,M,R-1 B C C R-4 B C C
A Ad Be AAdC A B C A B B
FCCCBCC H,L B B Cg A A B I-2, I-2.1 B B Bh, i A A B
I-3 A Aj B NP NP NP I-4 B B Bh, i A A B R-2 C C C B B C R-2.1 B C C A B B R-3 C C C C C C SCCCBBC
U No restrictions No restrictions
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929m2. NP = Not permitted [SFM]
a. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted for wainscotting or paneling of not more than 1,000 square feet of applied surface area in the grade lobby where applied directly to a noncombustible base or over furring strips applied to a noncombustible base and fireblocked as required by Section 803.11.1.
b. In exit enclosures of buildings less than three stories above grade plane of other than Group I-3, Class B interior finish for nonsprinklered buildings and Class C interior finish for sprinklered buildings shall be permitted.
c. Requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces shall be based upon spaces enclosed by partitions. Where a fire-resistance rating is required for structural elements, the enclosing partitions shall extend from the floor to the ceiling. Partitions that do not comply with this shall be considered enclosing spaces and the rooms or spaces on both sides shall be considered one. In determining the applicable requirements for rooms and enclosed spaces, the specific occupancy thereof shall be the governing factor regardless of the group classification of the building or structure.
d. Lobby areas in Group A-1, A-2 and A-3 occupancies shall not be less than Class B materials.
e. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in places of assembly with an occupant load of 300 persons or less.
f. For places of religious worship, wood used for ornamental purposes, trusses, paneling or chancel furnishing shall be permitted.
g. Class B material is required where the building exceeds two stories.
h. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in administrative spaces.
i. Class C interior finish materials shall be permitted in rooms with a capacity of four persons or less.
j. Class B materials shall be permitted as wainscotting extending not more than 48 inches above the finished floor in corridors.
k. Finish materials as provided for in other sections of this code.
l. Applies when the exit enclosures, exit passageways, corridors or rooms and enclosed spaces are protected by an automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2
803.10 Stability.
Interior finish materials regulated by this chapter shall be applied or otherwise fastened in such a manner that such materials will not readily become detached where subjected to room temperatures of 200°F (93°C) for not less than 30 minutes.
803.11 Application of interior finish materials to fire-resistance-rated structural elements. Where interior finish materials are applied on walls, ceilings or structural elements required to have a fire-resistance rating or to be of noncombustible construction, they shall comply with the provisions of this section.
803.11.1 Direct attachment and furred construction.
Where walls and ceilings are required by any provision in this code to be of fire- resistance-rated or noncombustible construction, the interior finish material shall be applied directly against such construction or to furring strips not exceeding 13/4 inches (44 mm) applied directly against such surfaces. The intervening spaces between such furring strips shall comply with one of the following:
- Be filled with material that is inorganic or non- combustible;
- Be filled with material that meets the requirements of a Class A material in accordance with Section 803.1.1 or 803.1.2; or
- Be fireblocked at a maximum of 8 feet (2438 mm) in any direction in accordance with Section 717.
803.11.2 Set-out construction.
Where walls and ceilings are required to be of fire-resistance-rated or noncombustible construction and walls are set out or ceilings are dropped distances greater than specified in Section 803.11.1, Class A finish materials, in accordance with Section 803.1.1 or 803.1.2, shall be used except where interior finish materials are protected on both sides by an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2, or attached to noncombustible backing or furring strips installed as specified in Section 803.11.1. The hangers and assembly members of such dropped ceilings that are below the main ceiling line shall be of noncombustible materials, except that in Types III and V construction, fire-retardant-treated wood shall be permitted. The construction of each set- out wall shall be of fire-resistance-rated construction as required elsewhere in this code.
803.11.3 Heavy timber construction.
Wall and ceiling finishes of all classes as permitted in this chapter that are installed directly against the wood decking or planking of Type IV construction or to wood furring strips applied directly to the wood decking or planking shall be fireblocked as specified in Section 803.11.1.
803.11.4 Materials.
An interior wall or ceiling finish that is not more than 1/4 inch (6.4 mm) thick shall be applied directly against a noncombustible backing.
Exceptions: - Noncombustible materials.
- Materials where the qualifying tests were made with the material suspended or furred out from the noncombustible backing.
803.12 High‐density polyethylene (HDPE).
Where high-density polyethylene is used as an interior finish, it shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.2.
803.13 Site‐fabricated stretch systems.
Where used as interior wall or interior ceiling finish materials, site-fabricated stretch systems shall be tested in the manner intended for use, and shall comply with the requirements of Section 803.1.1 or 803.1.2. If the materials are tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723, specimen preparation and mounting shall be in accordance with ASTM E 2573.
SECTION 804 INTERIOR FLOOR FINISH
804.1 General.
Interior floor finish and floor covering materials shall comply with Sections 804.2 through 804.4.1.
Exception: Floor finishes and coverings of a traditional type, such as wood, vinyl, linoleum or terrazzo, and resilient floor covering materials that are not comprised of fibers.
804.2 Classification.
Interior floor finish and floor covering materials required by Section 804.4.1 to be of Class I or II materials shall be classified in accordance with NFPA 253. The classification referred to herein corresponds to the classifications determined by NFPA 253 as follows: Class I, 0.45 watts/cm2 or greater; Class II, 0.22 watts/cm2 or greater.
804.3 Testing and identification.
Interior floor finish and floor covering materials shall be tested by an agency in accordance with NFPA 253 and identified by a hang tag or other suitable method so as to identify the manufacturer or supplier and style, and shall indicate the interior floor finish or floor covering classification according to Section 804.2. Carpet-type floor coverings shall be tested as proposed for use, including underlayment. Test reports confirming the information provided in the manufacturer’s product identification shall be furnished to the building official upon request.
804.4 Interior floor finish requirements.
In all other occupancies except I-3, interior floor finish and floor covering materials in exit enclosures, exit passageways, corridors and rooms or spaces not separated from corridors by full-height partitions extending from the floor to the underside of the ceiling shall withstand a minimum critical radiant flux as specified in Section 804.4.1. For Group I-3 occupancies see Section 804.4.2.
SECTION 805 COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS IN TYPES I AND II CONSTRUCTION
805.1 Application.
Combustible materials installed on or embedded in floors of buildings of Type I or II construction shall comply with Sections 805.1.1 through 805.1.3.
Exception: Stages and platforms constructed in accordance with Sections 410.3 and 410.4, respectively.
805.1.1 Subfloor construction.
Floor sleepers, bucks and nailing blocks shall not be constructed of combustible materials, unless the space between the fire-resistance-rated floor assembly and the
flooring is either solidly filled with noncombustible materials or fireblocked in accordance with Section 717, and provided that such open spaces shall not extend under or through permanent partitions or walls.
805.1.2 Wood finish flooring.
Wood finish flooring is permitted to be attached directly to the embedded or fireblocked wood sleepers and shall be permitted where cemented directly to the top surface of fire- resistance-rated floor assemblies or directly to a wood subfloor attached to sleepers as provided for in Section 805.1.1.
805.1.3 Insulating boards.
Combustible insulating boards not more than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) thick and covered with finish flooring are permitted where attached directly to a noncombustible floor assembly or to wood subflooring attached to sleepers as provided for in Section 805.1.1.
SECTION 806 DECORATIVE MATERIALS AND TRIM [F]
806.1 General requirements.
In occupancies in Groups A, E, I and R-1 and dormitories in Group R-2, curtains, draperies, hangings and other decorative materials suspended from walls or ceilings shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 in accordance with Section 806.2 or be noncombustible. [F]
In Groups I-1 and I-2, combustible decorative materials shall meet the flame propagation criteria of NFPA 701 unless the decorative materials, including, but not limited to, photographs and paintings, are of such limited quantities that a hazard of fire development or spread is not present. In Group I-3, combustible decorative materials are prohibited.
Fixed or movable walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads and crash pads applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical correction, surface insulation or other purposes shall be considered interior finish if they cover 10 percent or more of the wall or of the ceiling area, and shall not be considered decorative materials or furnishings.
In Group B and M occupancies, fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor shall meet the flame propagation performance criteria in accordance with Section 806.2 and NFPA 701 or shall be noncombustible.
Exceptions:
1. Curtains, draperies, hangings and other decorative materials suspended from walls of sleeping units and dwelling units in dormitories in Group R-2 protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1 and such materials are limited to not more than 50 percent of the aggregate area of walls.
- Decorative materials, including, but not limited to, photographs and paintings in dormitories in Group R-2 where such materials are of limited quantities such that a hazard of fire development or spread is not present.
806.1.1 Noncombustible materials.
The permissible amount of noncombustible decorative material shall not be limited. [F]
806.1.2 Combustible decorative materials.
The permissible amount of decorative materials meeting the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 shall not exceed 10 percent of the specific wall or ceiling area to which it is attached. [F]
Exceptions: - In auditoriums in Group A, the permissible amount of decorative material meeting the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 shall not exceed 75 percent of the aggregate wall area where the building is equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 and where the material is installed in accordance with Section 803.11.
- The amount of fabric partitions suspended from the ceiling and not supported by the floor in Group B and M occupancies shall not be limited.
806.2 Acceptance criteria and reports. Where required by Section 806.1, decorative materials shall be tested by an agency and meet the flame propagation performance criteria of NFPA 701 or such materials shall be noncombustible. Reports of test results shall be prepared in accordance with NFPA 701 and furnished to the building official upon request. [F]
806.3 Foam plastic.
Foam plastic used as trim in any occupancy shall comply with Section 2604.2. [F]
806.4 Pyroxylin plastic.
Imitation leather or other material consisting of or coated with a pyroxylin or similarly hazardous base shall not be used in Group A occupancies. [F]
806.5 Interior trim.
Material, other than foam plastic used as interior trim, shall have a minimum Class B flame spread and 450 smoke-developed index in Group I-3 and for all other occupancies Class C flame spread and smoke-developed index when tested in accordance with ASTM E 84 or UL 723, as described in Section 803.1.1. Combustible trim, excluding handrails and guardrails, shall not exceed 10 percent of the specific wall or ceiling area in which it is attached. [F]
806.6 Interior floor‐wall base.
Interior floor-wall base that is 6 inches (152 mm) or less in height shall be tested in accordance with Section 804.2 and shall not be less than Class II. Where a Class I floor finish is required, the floor-wall base shall be Class I. [F]
Exception: Interior trim materials that comply with Section 806.5. SECTION 807 INSULATION
807.1 Insulation.
Thermal and acoustical insulation shall comply with Section 719.
SECTION 808 ACOUSTICAL CEILING SYSTEMS
808.1 Acoustical ceiling systems.
The quality, design, fabrication and erection of metal suspension systems for acoustical tile and lay-in panel ceilings in buildings or structures shall conform with generally accepted engineering practice, the provisions of this chapter and other applicable requirements of this code.
808.1.1 Materials and installation.
Acoustical materials complying with the interior finish requirements of Section 803 shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and applicable provisions for applying interior finish.
808.1.1.1 Suspended acoustical ceilings.
Suspended acoustical ceiling systems shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of ASTM C 635 and ASTM C 636.
808.1.1.2 Fire-resistance-rated construction.
Acoustical ceiling systems that are part of fire-resistance-rated construction shall be installed in the same manner used in the assembly tested and shall comply with the provisions of Chapter 7.
SECTION 901 GENERAL
901.1 Scope.
The provisions of this chapter shall specify where fire protection systems are required and shall apply to the design, installation and operation of fire protection systems.
901.2 Fire protection systems.
Fire protection systems shall be installed, repaired, operated and maintained in accordance with this code and the California Fire Code.
Any fire protection system for which an exception or reduction to the provisions of this code has been granted shall be considered to be a required system.
Exception: Any fire protection system or portion thereof not required by this code shall
be permitted to be installed for partial or complete protection provided that such system meets the requirements of this code.
901.3 Modifications.
No person shall remove or modify any fire protection system installed or maintained under the provisions of this code or the California Fire Code without approval by the building official.
901.4 Threads.
Threads provided for fire department connections to sprinkler systems, standpipes, yard hydrants or any other fire hose connection shall be compatible with the connections used by the local fire department.
901.5 Acceptance tests.
Fire protection systems shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of this code and the California Fire Code. When required, the tests shall be conducted in the presence of the building official. Tests required by this code, the California Fire Code and the standards listed in this code shall be conducted at the expense of the owner or the owner’s representative. It shall be unlawful to occupy portions of a structure until the required fire protection systems within that portion of the structure have been tested and approved.
901.6 Supervisory service.
Where required, fire protection systems shall be monitored by an supervising station in accordance with NFPA 72.
901.6.1 Automatic sprinkler systems.
Automatic sprinkler systems shall be monitored by an approved supervising station.
Exceptions:
1. A supervising station is not required for automatic sprinkler systems protecting one- and two-family dwellings.
2. Limited area systems serving fewer than 20 sprinklers.
901.7 Fire areas.
Where buildings, or portions thereof, are divided into fire areas so as not to exceed the limits established for requiring a fire protection system in accordance with this chapter, such fire areas shall be separated by fire barriers constructed in accordance with Section 707 or horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 712, or both, having a fire-resistance rating of not less than that determined in accordance with Section 707.3.9.
SECTION 902 DEFINITIONS
SECTION 903 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
903.1 General.
Automatic sprinkler systems shall comply with this section. [F]
903.1.1 Alternative protection.
Alternative automatic fire-extinguishing systems complying with Section 904 shall be permitted in lieu of automatic sprinkler protection where recognized by the applicable standard and approved by the fire code official. [F]
903.3 Installation requirements.
Automatic sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Sections 903.3.1 through 903.3.6. [F]
903.3.1 Standards.
Sprinkler systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, unless otherwise permitted by Sections 903.3.1.2 and 903.3.1.3. [F]
903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems.
Where the provisions of this code require that a building or portion thereof be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance with this section, sprinklers shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13 except as provided in Section 903.3.1.1.1. [F]
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.
Automatic sprinkler systems in Group R occupancies up to and including four stories in height shall be permitted to be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13R as amended in Chapter 35. [F]
903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems.
Automatic sprinkler systems installed in one- and two-family dwellings and townhouses shall be permitted to be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13D. [F]
SECTION 904 ALTERNATIVE AUTOMATIC FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
904.1 General.
Automatic fire-extinguishing systems, other than automatic sprinkler systems, shall be designed, installed, inspected, tested and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this section and the applicable referenced standards. [F]
SECTION 905 STANDPIPE SYSTEMS
SECTION 906 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
906.1 Where required.
Portable fire extinguishers shall be installed in the following locations. [F]
1. In new and existing Group A, B, E, F, H, I, L, M, R-1, R-2, R-2.1, R-3.1, R-4 and S occupancies.
2. Within 30 feet (9144 mm) of commercial cooking equipment.
3. In areas where flammable or combustible liquids are stored, used or dispensed.
4. On each floor of structures under construction, except Group R-3 occupancies, in accordance with Section 1415.1 of the California Fire Code.
5. Where required by the California Fire Code sections indicated in Table 906.1.
6. Special-hazard areas, including but not limited to laboratories, computer rooms and generator rooms, where required by the fire code official.
7. Large and small family day-care homes shall be equipped with a portable fire extinguisher having a minimum 2A10BC rating.
8. Where required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1.
906.2 General requirements.
Portable fire extinguishers shall be selected, installed and maintained in accordance with this section and California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3. [F]
Exceptions:
1. The travel distance to reach an extinguisher shall not apply to the spectator seating portions of Group A-5 occupancies.
2. Thirty-day inspections shall not be required for portable fire extinguishers that are supervised by a listed and approved electronic monitoring device, provided that all of the following conditions are met:
2.1. Electronic monitoring shall confirm that extinguishers are properly positioned, properly charged and unobstructed.
2.2. Loss of power or circuit continuity to the electronic monitoring device shall initiate a trouble signal.
2.3. The extinguishers shall be installed inside of a building or cabinet in a noncorrosive environment.
2.4. Electronic monitoring devices and supervisory circuits shall be tested when extinguisher maintenance is performed.
2.5. A written log of required hydrostatic test dates for extinguishers shall be maintained by the owner to verify that hydrostatic tests are conducted at the frequency required by California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3.
3. In Group I-3, portable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be located at staff locations.
906.3 Size and distribution.
The size and distribution of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.3.1 through 906.3.4. [F]
906.3.1 Class A fire hazards.
The minimum sizes and distribution of portable fire extinguishers for occupancies that involve primarily Class A fire hazards shall comply with Table 906.3(1). [F]
TABLE 906.3(1) FIRE EXTINGUISHERS FOR CLASS A FIRE HAZARDS [F]
LIGHT (Low) HAZARD OCCUPANCY
ORDINARY (Moderate) HAZARD OCCUPANCY
EXTRA (High) HAZARD OCCUPANCY
Minimum Rated Single Extinguisher
Maximum Floor Area Per Unit of A
Maximum Floor Area for Extinguisherb
Maximum Travel Distance to Extinguisher
2-Ac
3,000 square feet
11,250 square feet
75 feet
2-A
1,500 square feet
11,250 square feet
75 feet
4-Aa
1,000 square feet
11,250 square feet
75 feet
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.
a. Two 21/2-gallon water-type extinguishers shall be deemed the equivalent of one 4-A rated extinguisher.
b. California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3 concerning application of the maximum floor area criteria.
c. Two water-type extinguishers each with a 1-A rating shall be deemed the equivalent of one 2-A rated extinguisher for Light (Low) Hazard Occupancies.
906.3.2 Class B fire hazards.
Portable fire extinguishers for occupancies involving flammable or combustible liquids with depths less than or equal to 0.25-inch (6.35 mm) shall be selected and placed in accordance with Table 906.3(2). [F]
906.3.3 Class C fire hazards.
Portable fire extinguishers for Class C fire hazards shall be selected and placed on the basis of the anticipated Class A or B hazard. [F]
906.3.4 Class D fire hazards.
Portable fire extinguishers for occupancies involving combustible metals shall be selected and placed in accordance with California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Division 1, Chapter 3. [F]
906.4 Cooking grease fires.
Fire extinguishers provided for the protection of cooking grease fires shall be of an approved type compatible with the automatic fire-extinguishing system agent and in accordance with Section 904.11.5 of the California Fire Code. [F]
906.5 Conspicuous location.
Portable fire extinguishers shall be located in conspicuous locations where they will be readily accessible and immediately available for use. These locations shall be along normal paths of travel, unless the fire code official determines that the hazard posed indicates the need for placement away from normal paths of travel. [F]
906.6 Unobstructed and unobscured.
Portable fire extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. In rooms or areas in which visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, means shall be provided to indicate the locations of extinguishers. [F]
906.7 Hangers and brackets.
Hand-held portable fire extinguishers, not housed in cabinets, shall be installed on the hangers or brackets supplied. Hangers or brackets shall be securely anchored to the mounting surface in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. [F]
906.8 Cabinets.
Cabinets used to house portable fire extinguishers shall not be locked. [F]
Exceptions:
1. Where portable fire extinguishers subject to malicious use or damage are provided with a means of ready access.
2. In Group I-3 occupancies and in mental health areas in Group I-2 occupancies, access to portable fire extinguishers shall be permitted to be locked or to be located in staff locations provided the staff has keys.
906.9 Extinguisher installation.
The installation of portable fire extinguishers shall be in accordance with Sections 906.9.1 through 906.9.3. [F]
906.9.1 Extinguishers weighing 40 pounds or less.
Portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that their tops are not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) above the floor. [F]
906.9.2 Extinguishers weighing more than 40 pounds.
Hand-held portable fire extinguishers having a gross weight exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so that their tops are not more than 3.5 feet (1067 mm) above the floor. [F]
906.9.3 Floor clearance.
The clearance between the floor and the bottom of installed hand-held portable fire extinguishers shall not be less than 4 inches (102 mm). [F]
906.10 Wheeled units.
Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be conspicuously located in a designated location. [F]
SECTION 907 FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS
907.1 General.
This section covers the application, installation, performance and maintenance of fire alarm systems and their components. [F]
907.1.1 Construction documents.
Construction documents for fire alarm systems shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code, the California Fire Code, and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined by the fire code official. [F]
907.1.2 Fire alarm shop drawings.
Shop drawings for fire alarm systems shall be submitted for review and approval prior to system installation, and shall include, but not be limited to, all of the following: [F]
SECTION 908 EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS
908.1 Group H occupancies.
Emergency alarms for the detection and notification of an emergency condition in Group H occupancies shall be provided in accordance with Section 414.7. [F]
SECTION 909 SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS
909.1 Scope and purpose.
This section applies to mechanical or passive smoke control systems when they are required by other provisions of this code. The purpose of this section is to establish minimum requirements for the design, installation and acceptance testing of smoke control systems that are intended to provide a tenable environment for the evacuation or relocation of occupants. These provisions are not intended for the preservation of contents, the timely restoration of operations or for assistance in fire suppression or overhaul activities. Smoke control systems regulated by this section serve a different purpose than the smoke- and heat-venting provisions found in Section 910. Mechanical smoke control systems shall not be considered exhaust systems under Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code. [F]
SECTION 910 SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS
910.1 General.
Where required by this code or otherwise installed, smoke and heat vents, or mechanical smoke exhaust systems, and draft curtains shall conform to the requirements of this section. [F]
Exceptions:
1. Frozen food warehouses used solely for storage of Class I and II commodities where protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.
2. Where areas of buildings are equipped with early suppression fast-response (ESFR) sprinklers, automatic smoke and heat vents shall not be required within these areas. This exception shall not apply to any state institution or other state-owned or state-occupied buildings or other applications listed in Section 1.11 regulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
SECTION 911 FIRE COMMAND CENTER
911.1 General.
Where required by other sections of this code and in all buildings classified as high-rise buildings by this code and Group I-2 occupancies having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access, a fire command center for fire department operations shall be provided and shall comply with Sections 911.1.1 through 911.1.5. [F]
SECTION 912 FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS
912.1 Installation.
Fire department connections shall be installed in accordance with the NFPA standard applicable to the system design and shall comply with Sections 912.2 through 912.5. [F]
SECTION 913 FIRE PUMPS
913.1 General.
Where provided, fire pumps shall be installed in accordance with this section and NFPA 20. [F]
SECTION 914 EMERGENCY RESPONDER SAFETY FEATURES
914.1 Shaftway markings.
Vertical shafts shall be identified as required by Sections 914.1.1 and 914.1.2. [F]
914.1.1 Exterior access to shaftways.
Outside openings accessible to the fire department and that open directly on a hoistway or shaftway communicating between two or more floors in a building shall be plainly marked with the word “SHAFTWAY” in red letters at least 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. Such warning signs shall be placed so as to be readily discernible from the outside of the building. [F]
914.1.2 Interior access to shaftways.
Door or window openings to a hoistway or shaftway from the interior of the building shall be plainly marked with the word “SHAFTWAY” in red letters at least 6 inches (152 mm) high on a white background. Such warning signs shall be placed so as to be readily discernible. [F]
Exception: Markings shall not be required on shaftway openings that are readily discernible as openings onto a shaftway by the construction or arrangement.
SECTION 915 EMERGENCY RESPONDER RADIO COVERAGE
915.1 General.
Emergency responder radio coverage shall be provided in all new buildings in accordance with Section 510 of the California Fire Code. [F]
Next Week
Tue 10/04
Thu 10/06
‐ Exam 5 – Interior Finishes/Fire Protection Systems/any previously covered topics may be included
‐ Setting up Code plans and Notes, work on Assignment 1
‐ Guest Lecture – Jim Aguila – Code Plans and QA in interior design practice, role of code checker in the office, interaction with various governmental agencies – prepare questions
‐ Individual consultations on Assignment 1
Matt foundation
This is a shallow foundation that is more appropriate and less expensive when you do not have compatible soil. I
Indirect light???
North light
South west and east are direct sunligjt
For studio, painting, writing it’s better to have indirect sunlight
Normal range for precipitation
Cloudy days ? Normal/average/high
Annual wind speed? Normal/average/high)
When you are ready dying to figure out the location of a building on a site:
Make sure if the street is two way so it is easy for people to reach to the project.
In summer the sun
In winter
Which one is the worst? East sun or west sun
starts from the north of the east and end to the north of the west
In winter the sun starts from the south of the east and end the south of the west
West sun.
Azimuth a
Angel
Azimuth is the angel between the shadow of sun on earth to the south
Angel is the angel between sun ray to the earth
Overhangs
Vertical or grid on west and east
Horizontal on south
No overhang on north fecad
Skylight
Skylight and reflector and vent to release the heat gain
A flat skylight on the roof will allow a lot of light to get it. Not good in summer. If you want that you need to have some reflectors to block the direct sunlight and let the daylighting in.
Better to have a saw shape that have a little overhang and let direct light to be blocked and daylighting can get in
Green house are like accepting all light then you can have vents on upper and lower parts for ventilations.
Sometimes you can have skylight and reflector to reflect the day lighting but you can have a vent in skylight to let the accumulated heat to leave the skylight before going to the room. Then you can have another vent down in the room that get the dress and cool air ro from a shaded space or basements to make the convection happen. You can use fan to make the convection happens in a better and faster way. This is a natural convection it does not replace the hvac system
Parking
Parking in arterial street, no!!
Best street for parking entrance is Collector street.
What about having a parking lot open to local street? No, it will overwhelm the local street.
Size: 9’x19’
Shopping mall needs a bit larger lots.
Offices: small spaces
Residential: smaller lot
The width of two lots in front of each other and an aisle between: 60 to 64’
Width of the aisle: 24’
10 lots - two sides : 45’ x 64’ (for malls)
Residential: 45’ x 60’
Can we have an aisle of 30’ between two cars in front of each other? No then people start parking on the middle of an aisle.
What is the area for each parking? 300’ sf to 350’ per car (including drive aisle)
No dead-end parking lots
Have done trees in your parking lot
(Shading)
Entry of a parking lot should not face a fork (go straight)
Handicaps spot: closet lot to the entrance
They should not cross the parking aisle
Not 90 adjacent lot
Sight triangle : as small as the size of a car or larger
Entry of a parking is very close to the corner of the street!! Very dangerous (min 150’)
Local street: 50 40 ..
Gas station on corner? Yes!!
All buildings of a street have the same set back. Can you build farther back?
Yes!
TOD
Transit orientation design
 More density really should go towards places that have adequate transit infrastructure.
Incentive: less parking requirements
What kind of transit infrastructure? Mostly metro subway not bus
Tod for residential
Or commercial development
Manufacturing
Office
There should be a sense of hub - multiple lines not just one or two lines!!!
How far is the project from the transit infrastructure by walk
Otherwise if it’s very far away, ppl will not feel connected
Around the transit hub, the density is high! To encourage people to use public transit.
There are some incentives:
you may build more units
You may build bigger
No or lower parking
You can have high-quality retail or high-quality residential.
Asset map
Showing schools, hospitals, etc
Sustainability issue
USGBC
Early programming phase
Like a PV system for a laundry to preheat the water.
Or maybe a passive system for a site that gets a lot of good daylighting
Or maybe raining a lot in an area and harvesting that water
Maybe in an urban setting, because you cannot use a passive system, you can use PV arrays!
We need to analyze the site and make the best decision.
First cost - life cycle cost -
Energy(passive heating and cooling system) PV arrays- rainwater harvesting-
Health( without toxic) VOC’s
Or taking the stairs instead of the elevator (maybe have the elevator a bit back of the house)
Project goal (owner goal) architect’s ideas
Healthy Planet: treating not only the citizens inside but also the citizens outside.
Resilient: being compatible ble with the climate and environment.
Assuming that climate change is happening, how do we build the building that bears the problems and people use the building in case of flood or earthquake
Or storm
I factor: importance factor
If the building is important like a hospital, their I factor is high!! Maybe 1.2 or 1.5
Maybe having a shower and parking for bicycles to encourage ppl to use a bicycle
Building next to the public transportation if possible
Compact planning: (context, density) This is the massing of other buildings, built like them. To be part of the neighborhood. You need to make compact and appropriate density. We should not let the land spread out because it is low density.
What is the benefit of building compact? We compact the building and its open spaces, and others compact. To have more open land, not to waste the land. More landscape. To be efficient and leave some land for animals.
Open space: health benefit. Creating Ng opportunity for ppl. To feel positive
For kids to play outside
Adoption of brownfield USGBC AND NCARB WANT YOU TO USE THAT FIELD
Adaptive re-use is sustainable:
An existing building anchors you to the context which means you can use it and fit your goals in it without changing a lot.
But not every building is appropriate to reuse.
Very low embodies the energy
Saving embodied energy
Low-impact development: without damaging the area
Minimize the size of the footprint
And make in multi-stories
Foundation? Do we have a big hole in the ground? Cutting leveling
Passive heating cooling
Changing the shape to create some opportunities for convective current
Or
Finding an overhang to block the summer light
Watershed! Civil eng!
Water re-use (gray water)
Porous pavers
Efficient irrigation (however the plants that need irrigation periodically are not sustainable)
Native plants
Balance cut and fill
Save in embodied energy
Regional material: using local material (vernacular) for embodied energy, context issues, maybe the funder wants you to use local material.
What about local labor? Umm, not that much. Economically, yes!
Delivering material from somewhere else? It’s against sustainable design. (high embodied energy to deliver the material)
Heat island effect
Reducing the concrete material and adding more plants
High emissivity to avoid the heat island effect
What about rural areas? We don’t care about the heat island effect.
Night sky lighting: so much light can hurt birds and flies
Instead of uploading a streetlight try to light down.
Providing habitat
Big glass window and birds fly into the window
Renewable energy
Rooftop unit DX
Not very long lasting
Vynal siding
First cost cheap
Laboc cost cheap
Need to be replaced
Sustainable checklist
Kickoff meeting( everybody should be in the meeting) to set the goals.
Remediation?
Encapsulation
What do we use for encapsulating?
Clay
Geomembrane
Concrete
Asphalt
We will use them in the right situation. Sometimes we combine some of them.
You can put on a hat ( تپه) on top of the contaminated soil and use Clay on top of it then geomembrane then sand and gravel to let water to go down to the تپه. Then you can add two drainages on both sides of the تپه
Penetration is a problem
Planting trees around contaminated soil and bioremediation will happen. sine trees neutralize the contamination and some trees hold them and the contamination will be in wood.
Bioremediation
Adding bacteria
Roof pond. What do you do with the collected water?
Reuse the water: irrigation for non native plant (after a bit filter) decorative plants.
Or for gray water: flush the water
Or we only hold it. Because we have some plants and evaporation and some little amount goes to sewer system
Having a parking lot which is lower than a main entry.
Accessible issue!
For exam, first make sure it’s a public building or not.
If it is a public building, the there will be ADA issue!
1:12 slop and remember that every 30” vertical distance, you will need a 5’ landing.
Square feet to cubic yard
Cubic yard to cubic feet
Cubic feet / 27 = cubic yard
Roof pitch
Ramp
Slop outside
Cu. Yard to cu feet
6:12 4:12
1:12
It’s Percentage not the ratio
Multiply to 27
In summer we get the most sun in ?
In winter we get the most sun from?
Roof
West and East
The ways to remove suspended solids from the parking lots run off

Where can we notch our wood beam?
Notch to lower corner left or notch to upper corner right. As long as the notch is smaller than 1/4 width of the beam
Notch on the length of the beam:
No deeper than 1/6 d
And the width of the notch-less than 1/3 of the depth of the beam
We cannot put any notch in the middle part
Hole? You can put a hole anywhere. If our beam is d in depth, the diameter of the hole should be less than 1/3d and 2” distance from the edges
Another hole should upd be at least 2” further
Stud
If you need to cut a hole in a stud?
10” width stud, cannot have a hole bigger than 4”. And there should be at least a 5/8” distance from the edges.
If we want to have a notch of the same stud, the notch cannot exceed 25% of the stud. This means that our 10” stud can have a notch that exceeds 2.5”
National environmental policy act 
they govern the way federal agencies like Environmental Protection, agency, EPA, plan and implement programs
If somebody violates any environmental policy, they are not violating the National Environmental Policy Act. They are violating the EPA.
differences between clean water act and safe drinking water act?
The Water Act includes rivers, reserves, birds, seeds any kind of water
safe, drinking water act it’s just about drinkable water, portable water 
Calculating a spot between two interval lines on a hill.
The height of the second interval line divided by the height of the spot we need to know its height = the distance between intervals divided by the distance of the fists interval and the spot
A most practical choice for a stormwater management in a hot arid climate
concrete swale
Dry pond pipe,
water management,
wet pond
In a hot arid climate, we should have an infiltration system of stormwater because we should minimize groundwater, pollution, and sediment loads in a hot arid climate
concrete swale will not filter the sediment
dry Pond is a good choice in hot a rate a real their evaporation rates exceed precipitation. Also, the dry pond will filter the sediment
Piped water management does not allow for infiltration, and does not filter, pollutants or sediment
Wet pond is a better choice for Aria as their participation exceeds the evaporation rate.
ASTM American society for testing and materials
The most common and widely accepted site assessment protocols are those developed by the ASTM.
The best for stormwater is a strategy to remove suspended solids from the parking lots’ runoff
dry Swale: the best- it filters 91%
Sand filter:85%
Grass channels: 65%
Roadside ditches:30%
Right of way
Vovensnt
It’s an easement
Easmentcwill be on dead - ride with dead
Covenant comes with the dead- it is able to be changed
Covenant includes:
Architectural point
Not interior design
Drainage
Setbacks
Density
Code and regulations
BOCA
Programming schematic design
Building official code association
IECC
like zoning, it’s local
We have a piece of property
First: setbacks
Setback 0 means it’s a retail
Setback 10’: maybe a residential that needs a front yard.
Second: FAR (do not consider setbacks in the FAR calculations) controls the mass
FAR is a tool in zoning codes that controls the scale and mass of the building
Specifically use
Pedestrian zone, overlay, window walls
You cannot remove more than a certain number of trees
Or you cannot change the facade of these particular buildings because they are in historical overlay zone.
Dead restrictions
Easement (power line, gas line, water lines, …) you can build a parking lot but not a structure.
Covenant
