Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

7333 Bringman > Exam 3- TBI part 1 > Flashcards

Exam 3- TBI part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cultural sensitivity (some details on it)

A

~Check your baggage at the door
~Leave religious beliefs at the door
~They have the right to not believe in a type of treatment
~If you work at a hospital that is faith based, you can talk about faith
~If ok to ask if there is anything that will offend them
~If its unsafe, then you can tell them not to do something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CTE- stands for

A

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

A

~progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in athletes (and others) with a history of repetitive brain trauma, including symptomatic concussions as well as asymptomatic subconcussive hits to the head
~has been known to affect boxers since the 1920s
~recent reports have been published of neuropathologically confirmed CTE in retired professional football players and other athletes who have a history of repetitive brain trauma
~trauma triggers progressive degeneration of the brain tissue, including the build-up of an abnormal protein called tau
~these changes in the brain can begin months, years, or even decades after the last brain trauma or end of active athletic involvement
~brain degeneration is associated with memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, impulse control problems, aggression, depression, and, eventually, progressive dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Different types of TBI

A

~traumatic
~atraumatic
~acquired brain injuries
~secondary injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Traumatic (type types)

A

A trauma to the body (duh)
~open
~closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Traumatic- closed

A

~Coup-contra coup- injury-the inside of the skull is very sharp
~what direction was the force, etc (twisting, head down, head up
~hard to figure out where the injury is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Traumatic- open

A

~the head has to open
~GWS, baseball bat, hit a stair and the skull comes open, a horse kicks you
~you know where the injury is
~you can have a contra-coup as well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is something you need to look out for when you have an open traumatic injury?

A

INFECTION!- secondary problems from the cranial vault being opened up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Traumatic- Closed can lead to DAI (stand for)

A

diffused axonal injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Traumatic- Closed can lead to DAI

A 
~lots of micro trauma
~has little deficits
~everything else looks fine, but they have a few little problems/ some changes
~emotions are usually involved- changed
**Shaken baby (closed, acquired, anoxic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Non traumatic (2 main types)

A

~Infection

~Anoxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Non traumatic- some examples

A

Drowning, CO victim, strangulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Non traumatic- anoxic details

A

~loss of oxygen
~pediatrics can happen a lot in peds
~affects every single cell in your brain- every cell is starting to die

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acquired brain injury

A

~a lot of peds
~When you have it at birth/ during the birthing process
~If you have the cord stuck coming out of the wound (deprived of O2)

MB: Did you mean womb? Lol!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secondary injuries ((there’s lots of them))

A

~Inflammation/ swelling
~Need to watch closely for the 1st 24 hours to see if there are any changed in mental status
~Uncal Herniation, herniation through the hole (you will keep the craniotomy open if there is increased pressure)
~**don’t walk them without the helmet
~Lack of oxygen- can create cell death
~Infection
~Cell mediators that can kill some brain tissues
~Hydrocephalus- can occlude our normal sinuous that can cause it
~*when in doubt, go to the doctor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secondary injuries- inflammation/ swelling details

A

~can make the injury worse
~can create the bleed that was not there at first
~we vasodialate to make better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Differentiating concussions/ LOC

A

~mild

~moderate/ severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Differentiation- Mild defining

A

~Concussion/ LOC- less than 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differentiation- Mild s/s

A 
~Memory problem
~headaches
~attention deficits
~mood swings
~irritable
~a disconnect
~cant focus
~frustration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Differentiation- Mild details

A

~Over looked a lot- in football a lot
~Can last, but these problems are most prominent the next day
~15% of these people will still have these symptoms in upwards of a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Differentiation- Mild- Post-concussive symptom

A

*the long term symptoms
*A lot of the military comes home with
~Fatigue
~HA
~coup-contracoup
~balance
~vision
~attention
~sleep problems (all the time or they don’t need to sleep)
~irritability
~depression
~seizures (can last)
~nausea
~vomiting
~olfactory N- loss or sense of smell (decrease in appetite)
~slowness in thinking
~get lost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Moderate- defining

A

Concussion/ LOC- great than 30 to 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Severe- defining

A

Concussion/ LOC greater than 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Moderate/ Severe- cognitive s/s

A 
**A lot more cognitive problems
~attention
~concentration
~memory
~distractibility
~processing speed
~confusion
~perseveration
~impulsiveness
~language processing
~executive functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Moderate/ Severe- Speak and language s/s

A

~Broca’s and Wernicke’s aphasia (and other aphasias)
~inability to form words
~speak fast/ slow
~foreign accent syndrome (change how you pronounce things)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Moderate/ Severe- Sensitivity s/s

A

Light touch/ pain/ etc can be gone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Moderate/ Severe- Vision s/s

A 
~complete
~partial loss
~diplopia from weakness of muscles
~blurred vision
~depth perception
~nystagmus
~photophobia (light sensitivity)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Moderate/ Severe- Hearing s/s

A

~complete loss or decrease or increase

~tinnitus (ringing in the ear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Moderate/ Severe- Smell s/s

A

loss or diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Moderate/ Severe- taste s/s

A

loss or diminished

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Moderate/ Severe- autonomic s/s

A

~temp issues
~B/B issues
~menstrual cycles
~seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Moderate/ Severe- Physical changes s/s

A

~weakness
~flaccidly
~tone
~chronic P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Moderate/ Severe- Social emotional s/s

A 
~dependent behavior
~childlike
~emotions(more/less/childlike/ etc)
~lack of motivation
~irritability
~aggression
~depression
~disinhibition
~denial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what’s a STORM

A

~It’s the partner of autonomic dysreflexia in a brain injury
~Sweating a lot, tons of tone, end range that you normally cant get to
~Cant find the factor that caused it like in AD
~try and move them into other positions to stop the STORM
~Try to get the brain to calm down
~Can be a life threatening situation, but normally not

35
Q

Levels of conciseness

A 
~awake and alert
~Lethargic
~Obtunded 
~stupor
~MSC (minimally conscious state)
~coma
36
Q

LOC: Awake and alert

A

~AAO x3, x4

~Awake attentive

37
Q

LOC: Lethargic

A

Drowsy

38
Q

LOC: Obtunded

A

~Sleeps often

~Difficulty to arouse, actions largely non-productive, frequently confused when awake

39
Q

LOC: Stupor

A

~Unresponsive, but can be aroused with noxious stimulus
~You can do thing in this state
~Only respond to hard, strong noxious stimulus
~Sternal rub, pick the nail bad, nipple twist, thenar pinch

40
Q

LOC: MSC

A

~The person with make some purposeful movements

~Will open eyes up, reach for things, but wont know what to do with the objects then they get it

41
Q

MSC stands for?

A

Minimally conscious state

42
Q

LOC: coma (2 types)

A

~Vegetative state

~Persistence vegetative state

43
Q

LOC: coma- vegetative state

A

~No words, does not follow commands, does not make any response that is physiologically meaningful
~Intact eye opening, has wake and sleep cycles
~We don’t know if they
~Our job is to start to interact with the outside world- “emerge”

44
Q

LOC: coma- persistent vegetative state

A

~No meaningful motor or cognitive function
~Lasts for a year (a noxious brain injury only takes 3 months to get this title)
~Not on a vent, have a lot of their brain stem functions- will be on a peg tube to get

45
Q

some info on how to get pts better

A

~Stabilize the pt so that they live through the event
~Prevent secondary: Skin, DVT, contractures, infections, pneumonia
~Look at: How much can they interact with env; Equipment that they may need
~Do they need to go to a rehab, voc rehab
~Some of the things that will impact- mental, emotional, behavioral (emotional side issues- Don’t trigger the negative emotions)
~Behaviors: What was the premorbid behavior; The effects of the injury, phys, emotion, sec, etc
~Act of abuse, someone died in the injury, etc
~The nature of the env that you will be in during therapy- will it promote good/bad behavior
~Talk to family members if possible
~Disinhibition: Will be saying inappropriate things- don’t agree with them/ don’t laugh/ wear bigger scrubs

46
Q

Glascow Coma Scale: the levels

A

~mild
~moderate
~sever

47
Q

Glascow Coma Scale: Mild TBI

A

13-15

48
Q

Glascow Coma Scale: Moderate TBI

A

9-12

49
Q

Glascow Coma Scale: Sever TBI

A

3-8

50
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: levels

A

1- 8

51
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 1

A

No response

52
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 2

A

generalized response

53
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 3

A

localized response

54
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 4

A

confused- agitated

55
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 5

A

confused inappropriate, non-agitated

56
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 6

A

confused appropriate, non-agitated

57
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 7

A

automatic appropriate

58
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: name of 8

A

purposeful appropriate

59
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 1 from book

A

Pts appear to be in a deep sleep and is completely unresponsive to any stimuli

60
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 1 from bringman

A

Pt appears to be in a deep sleep

61
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 1’s therapy

A

~prevent sensory deprivation, don’t overload, but keep sensory going in (if we don’t, the body will stop looking for sensory)
~5-15 mins more for a couple seasons a day
~brain is still trying to heal; tactile, auditory, olfactory stimulation
~ROM (and teach family)
~may do splinting/ serial casting (DF can cause constant stimulation)
~watch out for wound

62
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: Level 2 from book

A

Pts react inconsistently and nonpurposefully to stimuli in a nonspecific manner; responses are limited and often the same regardless of stimulus presented; responses may be physiological changes, gross body movements, and/or vocalization

63
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 2 from bringman

A

Non purposeful responses that Doesn’t change no matter the stimulus

64
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 2’s therapy

A

~sensory deprivation
~try and link a response to a stimulus and have a certain response to a response (pattern will show that there is a connection forming)
~will get them out of bed- stand to wheelchair, etc
~pre-feeding (good stimulus); decorate the pts room in everything that they like (pictures, tv, songs, etc)

65
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 3 from book

A

Pt reacts specifically but inconsistently to stimuli; reposes are directly related to the type of stimulus presented; may follow simple commands such as closing eyes or squeezing hand in an inconsistent, delayed manner

66
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 3 from bringman

A

Vague awareness of self; should be able to grab

67
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 3 therapy

A

~try and get other type of response and decrease the time from the stimulus to the response
~improve grabs (can throw soft object to them)
~as little distraction as possible
~1 step task with 2 choices (red and blue card- pick the red)
~may have to tick them off to get a response
~bathing and showering (pt wont be able to do much, but good response)

68
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 4 from book

A

Pt is in a heightened state of activity; behavior is bizarre and nonpurposeful relative to immediate env; does not discriminate among persons or obj; is unable to cooperate directly with treatment efforts; verbalizations frequently are incoherent and/or inappropriate to the env; confabulation may be present; gross attention to env is very brief; selective attention is often nonexistent; pt lacks short- and long-term recall

69
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 4 from bringman

A

Decrease ability or process info; confused/ agitated

70
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 4’s therapy

A 
~need a quiet env
~don’t demand activities
~more ball throwing
~simple gross motor skills
~lots of compliments
~don’t bring up the negative
~end therapy on a positive note
~the more you can explain, the less likely they will get agitated
71
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 5 from book

A

Pt is able to respond to simple commands fairly consistently. However, with increased complexity of commands or lack of ay external structure, responses are non-purposeful, random, or fragmented. Demonstrates gross attention to the env but is highly distractible and lacks ability to focus attention on a specific task. With structure, may be able to converse on a social automatic level for short periods of time. Verbalization is often inappropriate and confabulatory. Memory is severely impaired; often shows inappropriate use of objects; may perform previously learned tasks w structure but unable to learn new info

72
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 5 from bringman

A

Highly distractible; will bring friends and family in more; working towards ADL, disinhibition will come out more

73
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 5’s therapy

A

~establish a morning routine, working towards ADL, step by step
~crafts, stand up and do connect four
~more fine motor skills
~is able to attend long enough for strength training
~bring people together and doing group activities as long as they can be more appropriate than inappropriate

74
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 6 from book

A

Pt shows goal-directed behavior but is dependent on external input or direct. Follows simple directions consistently and shows carryover for relearned tasks such as self care. Responses may be incorrect due to memory problems, but they are appropriate to the situation. Past memories show more depth and details than recent memory

75
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 6 from bringman

A

Very dependent on order; short term memory still affected; time is a difficult thing

76
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 6’s therapy

A

~increase group activity increase complexity of task
~make a daily log on what they need to do
~working toward being more independent in tasks

77
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 7 from book

A

Pt appears appropriate and oriented within the hospital and home setting; does through daily routine automatically, but frequently robot-like. Pt shows minimal to no confusion and has shallow recall of activities. Show carryover for new learning but at a decrease rate. With structure is able to initiate social or recreational activities; judgement remains impaired

78
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 7 from bringman

A

~Appears app and oriented in a safe known env
~they can do things automatically
~don’t need as much queuing, but a lack of awareness for future planning
~what are the pts goals

79
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 7’s therapy

A 
~memory
~abstract skills
~function independent
~voc rehab
~take the pts out into the outside world- see how they react when things don’t go their way
~safety awareness and emergency skills
80
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 8 from book

A

Pt is able to recall and integrate past and recent events and is aware of and responsive to env. Shows carryover for new learning and needs no supervision once activities are learned. May continue to show a decrease ability relative to premorbid abilities, abstract reasoning, tolerance for stress, and judgment in emergencies or unusual circumstance.

81
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 8 from bringman

A

Pt is independent in home and community; may still have some deficits compared to where they were before

82
Q

Rachos Los Amigos LoCF: level 8’s therapy

A

push towards being as close to as they were before (cogn, motor, etc) so that they can work toward being more apart of society

83
Q

Name the Rancho los Amigos levels and names:

A 
I: No response
II: generalized response
III: localized response
IV: confused- agitated
V: confused inappropriate, non-agitated 
VI: confused appropriate, non-agitated 
VII: automatic appropriate
VIII: purposeful appropriate

7333 Bringman (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions