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7333 Bringman > Exam 1- Burns 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1- Burns 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types/ categories of burns?

A

~Chemical
~Thermal
~Electrical
~Radiation

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2
Q

What is a MSDS?

A

material safety data sheet

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3
Q

Details about MSDS

A

~data sheets about chemicals

~will tell how to stop the burn

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4
Q

Details about chemical burns

A

~Bleach (chlorine gas)
~Acid and bases
~Might not look like the person is burning, but it may still be
~If you don’t know what to do- irrigate!!!! (can need to irrigate for up to 2 hours)
~Poison control- 1-800-222-1222

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5
Q

two types of thermal burns

A

cold and hot

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6
Q

details about cold burns

A

~frost bite

~add barely warm water to the burn (not cold, not hot)

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7
Q

ways to burn from heat

A

~hot liquid
~hot oil
~fire
~sun burn

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8
Q

Details about sun burn

A

~Put cool water (not cold, not hot)
~Those cells are already mad so when you add ice to it, it will make the burn worse; slowly bring the temperature back to normal

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9
Q

What do you need to also worry about when you are burnt by fire?

A

~Whenever we have a burn form fire, we have to think about lungs as well- might have burned any part of the resp system
~this is a life threating situation

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10
Q

where can you get electrical burns?

A

lightening and form electricity (electrical socket)

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11
Q

details on electrical burns

A

~You are becoming the ground for the electrical current LEAD TO SHOCK!! Travels through nerves
~We get burn at the entry and exit point for the burn and underneath the skin
~Can have massive destruction under the skin (organ, muscle, bone, etc)
~Worry about compartment syndrome (also in chemical burns)
~can also stop the heart if the electricity goes through the heart

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12
Q

Why do you need to worry when there is massive muscle break down?

A

Muscle is the big one- myoglobin released- rhybomyolytis; can put us into complete kidney failure and die

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13
Q

details on radiation burns

A

~Will see these burns most in cancer treatments
~Health care team caused these burns to get rid of cancer
~Will damage all the tissue from the beam to the cancer (Will divide the beams into many smaller beams so that the tissue will not be as damaged)

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14
Q

How many percents of burns occur at home?

A

75%

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15
Q

How many percents of burn are from our own action?

A

75%

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16
Q

What is the first thing you need to do for a burn pt?

A

fluid comes out so need to pump fluid in to enough fluid in..
~to keep BP/ HR from getting to low
~kidneys from shutting down
~body temperature is harder regulate because of the burns

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17
Q

what occurs to the metabolism during/after burns?

A

~Hypermetabolic event- treating to heat a large burn
~Trying to find enough nutrient to heal
~Can burn up to 10,000 calories trying to regrow what has been burned

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18
Q

What do you do to get enough nutrients?

A

~NG, IV, OG, PEG (all to get nutrients into the body)

~Can change the protein, carbs, etc content depending on what the patient needs

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19
Q

Is there any swelling after a burn?

A

YES (more with increasing severity)
~Inflammatory response occurs
~Will have a lot of swelling around the wound proximally and will swell- distally will not get enough blood and will start to die
~Dangerous around the chest, bc too much swelling around the chest can cause the heart from pumping as much

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20
Q

What will the doctors do if there is too much swelling?

A

Escharotomy

~skin will get so tight that it will kill them
~will do a cut to release the pressure so that it doesn’t kill them
~there are certain places where the physicians know to cut, they will cut down to good viable tissues to release the pressure build up (it will separate a good build due to the buildup of pressure)
~Can bring in full thickness grafts to fill in the gap

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21
Q

The ABA has established criteria for admissions to a designated burn. Name the ten criteria.

A

1) Partial-thickness burns greater than 10% if total body surface area (TBSA)
2) Full-thickness burn in any age group
3) Burns that involves the hands, feet, face, perineum, genitalia, or skin overlying major joint (These are all areas that we want the tissue to be able to move freely)
4) Electrical burns
5) Chemical burns
6) Inhalation injuries (Any! Difficulty breathing, ash, smoke, etc)
7) Burn injuries in patients with preexisting illness that could complicate management
8) Patients with a burn and coexistent trauma
9) Patients who require special social, emotional, or long-term rehab, including cases involving suspecting child abuse
10) Children with burns in hospital settings without qualified burn management personnel or equipment

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22
Q

What are the detailed layers of normal skin?

A

Epidermis
~ Corneum
~ Gramilosum
~ Spinosum

Dermis
~ Papillary
~ Reticular

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23
Q

What’s special about the Corneum layer?

A

~keeps water out/ water proof

~keeps infections out

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24
Q

What’s special about the Gramilosum layer?

A

~keeps water in

~heat regulation

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25
Q

What’s special about the Spinosum layer?

A

overall protection layer

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26
Q

What’s special about the Papillary layer?

A

~blood supply

~some collagen

27
Q

What’s special about the Reticular layer?

A

more dense collagen

*give the structure

28
Q

Layers that may be missing in epidermis burn

A

epidermis only

29
Q

Layers that may be missing in superficial burn

A

~complete epidermis

~into papillary layer of dermis

30
Q

Layers that may be missing in deep partial burn

A

~epidermis
~all papillary
~into the reticular part of dermis

31
Q

Layers that may be missing in full thickness burn

A

~all epidermis
~all dermis
*can be farther down into muscle, bone, etc

32
Q

Colors that can be seen in epidermis burn

A

red, pink

33
Q

Colors that can be seen in superficial partial burn

A

bright pink, red, BLISTER (inflammatory response)

34
Q

Colors that can be seen in deep partial burn

A

red, waxy white, slow with blanching caps

35
Q

Colors that can be seen in full thickness burn

A

white, charred, tan, poor distal circulation

36
Q

Edema that can be seen in epidermis burn

A

minimal

37
Q

Edema that can be seen in superficial partial burn

A

moderate

38
Q

Edema that can be seen in deep partial burn

A

more than moderate/ marked

39
Q

Edema that can be seen in full thickness burn

A

life threatening!!

40
Q

What happens to epidermis burn if you push on it

A

blanched and refill

41
Q

What happens to superficial partial burn if you push on it

A

slow to refill

42
Q

What happens to deep partial burn if you push on it

A

slower to refill

43
Q

What happens to full thickness burn if you push on it

A

nothing

44
Q

Is epidermis burn dry/wet/ etc?

A

dry

45
Q

Is superficial partial burn dry/wet/ etc?

A

moist after the blister pops

46
Q

Is deep partial burn dry/wet/ etc?

A

leaking a lot of plasma, blood, etc

47
Q

Is full thickness burn dry/wet/ etc?

A

hard, leathery, dry, no more blood flow

48
Q

How much does epidermis burn hurt?

A

hurts

49
Q

How much does superficial partial burn hurt?

A

hurts more; can be extremely painful is you hit the free nerve endings

50
Q

How much does deep partial burn hurt?

A

not as painful; you have burned off some of the nerves

~have diminished to light tough, but still have pressure

51
Q

How much does full thickness burn hurt?

A

no pain

52
Q

How long does it take epidermis burn to heal?

A

couple of days

53
Q

How long does it take superficial partial burn to heal?

A

longer than a week

54
Q

How long does it take deep partial burn to heal?

A

very slow to heal; reepithelization- need to help them

55
Q

How long does it take full thickness burn to heal?

A

3+ months; escharotomy needed

56
Q

How is/ is there an epidermis scar for burn?

A

no

57
Q

How is/ is there a superficial partial scar for burn?

A

some skin discoloration

58
Q

How is/ is there a deep partial scar for burn?

A

LOTS!

59
Q

How is/ is there a full thickness scar for burn?

A

some scars

60
Q

Do you need an epidermis graft for burn?

A

no

61
Q

Do you need a superficial partial graft for burn?

A

no

62
Q

Do you need a deep partial graft for burn?

A

no

63
Q

Do you need a full thickness graft for burn?

A

yes

7333 Bringman (23 decks)

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