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Functional Anatomy > Exam #3 - Spine > Flashcards

Exam #3 - Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Lumbar/Cervical/Thoracic spine close-packed position

A

Neutral or slight extension

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2
Q

Lumbar/Cervical/Thoracic spine open-packed position

A

Moderate flexion

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3
Q

Lumbar/Cervical/Thoracic Spine degrees of freedom

A

3 - sagittal, frontal & horizontal

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4
Q

Lumbar spine

Movement is described from ____ to ____ & the reference point is the ____ side of the more cranial vertebral segment

A

Movement is described from cranial-to-caudal & the reference point
of motion is the anterior side of the more cranial vertebral segment.

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5
Q

____ ____ of the spine is defined by the direction of movement of a point on the anterior side of the vertebral body

A

Axial rotation

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6
Q

Flexion & Extension
Plane:
Axis:

A

Plane: Sagittal
Axis: Medial-lateral

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7
Q

Lateral flexion to the right or left
Plane:
Axis:

A

Plane: Frontal
Axis: Anterior-posterior

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8
Q

Axial rotation to the right or left
Plane:
Axis:

A

Plane: Horizontal
Axis: Vertical

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9
Q

Forward & backward bending

A

Flexion & extension

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10
Q

Side bending to the right or left

A

Lateral flexion to the right or left

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11
Q

Axial rotation to the right or left

A

Rotation or torsion

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12
Q

Lumbar spine Flexion

Inferior facets of L2 slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior facets of L3

A

Inferior facets of L2 slide superiorly & anteriorly relative to the superior facets of L3

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13
Q

Lumbar spine Extension

Inferior articular facets of L2 slide ____ & slightly ____ relative to the superior facets of L3

A

Inferior articular facets of L2 slide inferiorly & slightly posterior relative to the superior facets of L3

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14
Q

Lumbar spine Axial Rotation to the right

Left inferior facet of L1 ____ against the left superior articular facet of L2

Right inferior facet of L1 ____ slightly from the right superior articular facet of L2

A

Left inferior facet of L1 approximates against the left superior articular facet of L2

Right inferior facet of L1 separates slightly from the right superior articular facet of L2

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15
Q

Lumbar spine Lateral Flexion to the right

Left inferior facet of L1 slides ____ in relation to the left superior articular facet of L2

Right inferior facet of L1 slides ____ in relation to the left superior articular facet of L2

A

Left inferior facet of L1 slides superiorly in relation to the left superior articular facet of L2

Right inferior facet of L1 slides inferiorly in relation to the left superior articular facet of L2

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16
Q

Movement descriptors of the apophyseal joints (3)

A
  • Approximation
  • Seperation
  • Sliding
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17
Q

Thoracic Spine Flexion

Inferior articular facets of T5 slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior facets of T6

A

Inferior articular facets of T5 slide **superiorly & anteriorly **relative to the superior facets of T6

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18
Q

Thoracic Spine Extension

Inferior articular facets of T5 slide ____ & slightly ____ relative to the superior facets of T6

A

Inferior articular facets of T5 slide inferiorly & slightly posterior relative to the superior facets of T6

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19
Q

Approximation

A

Moves closer together

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20
Q

Global movement of Thoracic spine during flexion/extension

A
  • Anterior approximation
  • Posterior seperation
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21
Q

Local movement of ribs during flexion/extension

  • Costovertebral joint:
  • Costotransverse joint:
  • Tips of ribs:
A
  • Costovertebral joint: anterior rotation
  • Costotransverse joint: superior slide
  • Tips of ribs: downward rotation
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22
Q

Costovertebral joints

A

Head of the rib

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23
Q

an articulation between the articular costal tubercle of the rib and the costal facet of the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra

A

Costotransverse joint

24
Q

Thoracic spine Lateral Flexion to the right

Left inferior facet of T6 slides ____ & ____ in relation to the left superior articular facet of of T7 (contralateral side)

Right inferior facet of T6 slides ____& ____ in relation to the left superior articular facet of of T7 (ipsilateral side)

A

Left inferior facet of T6 slides superior & ventral in relation to the left superior articular facet of of T7 (contralateral side)

Right inferior facet of T6 slides inferior & dorsal in relation to the left superior articular facet of of T7 (ipsilateral side)

25
Q

Contralateral side

A

Opposite side

26
Q

Ipsilateral side

A

same side

27
Q

Global movement of Thoracic spine during Lateral Flexion

A
  • Right approximation
  • Left seperation
28
Q

Local movement of ribs during Lateral flexion

A

Right anterior and downward rotation

29
Q

Pump handle

A

Raising and lowering sternal end of T1-5 ribs

30
Q

Bucket handle

A

Transverse increase in diameter of T6-12 due to movement of ribs during respiration

31
Q

Cervical spine include what vertebraes

A

C1-C7

32
Q
  • Upper cervical (non-disc segments)
  • Contralateral coupling (side bending)
A

C0C1 & C1C2

33
Q
  • Lower cervical (disc segments)
  • Ipsilateral coupling
A

C2C3 - C6C7

34
Q

Combined set of 3 articulations of the craniocervical region

A
  • Atlantooccipital joint (C0-1)
  • Atlantoaxial joint (C1-2)
  • Intracervical apophyseal joints (C2-7)
35
Q

Atlanto-occipital Function

Provides ____ movement of the cranium relative to the atlas

A

Provides independent movement of the cranium relative to the atlas

36
Q

Congruent convex-concave Atlanto-occipital relationship proves ____ ____

A

Congruent convex-concave Atlanto-occipital relationship proves inherent stability

37
Q

The Atlanto-occipital joint is formed by

  • Convex condyles of the ____ ____
  • Concave superior articular facets of the ____
A
  • Convex condyles of the occipital bone
  • Concave superior articular facets of the atlas
38
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint degrees of freedom

A

2 - sagittal & frontal

39
Q

Atlanto-occipital Flexion

Convex occipital condyles roll ____ & slides ____ relative to the concave facets of C1

A

Convex occipital condyles roll **anteriorly **& slides posteriorly relative to the concave facets of C1

40
Q

Atlanto-occipital Extension

Convex occipital condyles roll ____ & slides ____ relative to the concave facets of C1

A

Convex occipital condyles roll posteriorly & slides anteriorly relative to the concave facets of C1

41
Q

What rule applies to the Atlanto-occipital joint motion

A

Convex on concave

42
Q

What motion is being performed?

Upper cervical extends & lower cervical flexion

A

Protraction

43
Q

Atlanto-occipital Joint Lateral Flexion

Convex occipital condyles roll ____ & slides ____ relative to the concave facets of C1

A

Convex occipital condyles roll ipsilateral & slides contralateral relative to the concave facets of C1

44
Q

Atlantoaxial Joint is classified as what type of joint

A

Pivot joint

45
Q

What makes up the median joint?

A
  • Dens of axis
  • Osseous-ligamentous ring of the atlas & transverse ligaments
46
Q

Atlantoaxial joint degrees of freedom

A

2 - horizontal & sagittal

47
Q

Atlanto-axial joint function

Acts as a spacer between the ____ & ____

A

Acts as a spacer between the cranium & axis

48
Q

Atlantoaxial joint Flexion

The ring-shaped atlas tilts ____ on the axis

A

The ring-shaped atlas tilts forward on the axis

49
Q

Atlantoaxial joint Extension

The ring-shaped atlas tilts ____ on the axis

A

The ring-shaped atlas tilts posterior on the axis

50
Q

Atlantoaxial joint Axial Rotation

The convex inferior facets of the atlas ____ in a curved path across the convex superior articular facets of the axis
* Ipsilateral side slides ____
* Contralateral side slides ____

A

The convex inferior facets of the atlas slides in a curved path across the convex superior articular facets of the axis
* Ipsilateral side slides posterior
* Contralateral side slides anterior

51
Q

Zygapophyseal joint degrees of freedom

A

3 - sagittal, frontal & horizontal

52
Q

Facet surfaces of the Zygapophyseal joints are oriented halfway between the ____ & ____ plane (45°). This orientation ____ freedom of movement in all planes.

A

Facet surfaces of the Zygapophyseal joints are oriented halfway between the frontal & horizontal plane (45°). This orientation enhances freedom of movement in all planes.

53
Q

Zygapophyseal Joint Flexion

The inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior articular facets of the inferior vertebrae

A

The inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide **superiorly **& anteriorly relative to the superior articular facets of the inferior vertebrae

54
Q

Zygapophyseal Joint Extension

The inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior articular facets of the inferior vertebrae

A

The inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide inferior & posterior relative to the superior articular facets of the inferior vertebrae

55
Q

Zygapophyseal Joint Lateral Flexion

Ipsilateral side: The inferior facets of the superior vertebrae slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior facets of the inferior vertebrae

Contralateral side: The inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior articular facets of the inferior vertebrae

A

Ipsilateral side: The inferior facets of the superior vertebrae slide inferiorly & posteriorly relative to the superior facets of the inferior vertebrae

Contralateral side: The inferior articular facets of the superior vertebrae slide superiorly & anteriorly relative to the superior articular facets of the inferior vertebrae

56
Q

Atlanto-occipital Joint Right Lateral Flexion

CV occipital condyles roll ____ & slide ____ relative to CC facet of C1

A

CV occipital condyles roll right & slide left

57
Q

Zygapophyseal Joint Axial Rotation

Ipsilateral side: The inferior facets of the superior vertebrae slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior facets of the inferior vertebrae

Contralateral side: The inferior facets of the superior vertebrae slide ____ & ____ relative to the superior facets of the inferior vertebrae

A

Ipsilateral side: The inferior facets of the superior vertebrae slide posteriorly & inferiorly relative to the superior facets of the inferior vertebrae

Contralateral side: The inferior facets of the superior vertebrae slide anteriorly & superiorly relative to the superior facets of the inferior vertebrae

Functional Anatomy (17 decks)

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