Exam #2 - Ankle & Foot

Question 1

Bones of the ankle (3)

Answer 1

1. Tibia
2. Fibula
3. Talus

Question 2

Joints of the ankle (3)

Answer 2

1. Talocrural joint
2. Proximal tibiofibular joint
3. Distal tibiofibular joint

Question 3

Bones that make-up the rearfoot (2)

Answer 3

1. Calcaneus
2. Talus

Question 4

Bones that make-up the midfoot (3)

Answer 4

1. Navicular
2. Cuboid
3. Cuneiforms

Question 5

Bones that make-up the forefoot (2)

Answer 5

1. Metatarsals
2. Phalanges

Question 6

Joint that makes up the rearfoot

Answer 6

Subtalar joint

Question 7

Joints that make-up the midfoot (2)

Answer 7

1. Transverse tarsal joint
2. Distal intertarsal joint

Question 8

Joints that make-up the forefoot (4)

Answer 8

1. Tarsometatarsal
2. intermetatarsal
3. metatarsophalangeal
4. interphalangeal

Question 9

Plantar flexion & Dorsiflexion of ankle

Axis of rotation:
Plane of motion:

Answer 9

Axis of rotation: Medial-lateral
Plane of motion: Sagittal

Question 10

Inversion & Eversion of ankle

Axis of rotation:
Plane of motion:

Answer 10

Axis of rotation: Anterior-posterior
Plane of motion: Frontal

Question 11

Abduction & Adduction of ankle

Axis of rotation:
Plane of motion:

Answer 11

Axis of rotation: Vertical
Plane of motion: Horizontal

Question 12

Ligaments of the Distal Tibiofibular Joint (3)

Answer 12

1. Interosseous Ligament
2. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
3. Posterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 13

Why are some childrens feet have an inverted appearance?

Answer 13

The head of the talus is projected medially ~40-50°

Question 14

Distal tibia is twisted 20-30° externally relative to proximal end

Answer 14

Lateral tibial torsion

Question 15

The head of the talus is ~30° medial to the ____ plane

Answer 15

Sagittal plane

Question 16

Movements that stretch or elongate Deltoid ligament (tibiotalar fibers) (2)

Answer 16

1. Eversion
2. Dorsiflexion

Question 17

Movements that stretch or elongate Deltoid ligament (tibionavicular fibers) (4)

Answer 17

1. Eversion
2. Plantar flexion
3. Eversion
4. Abduction

Question 18

Movement that stretch or elongate Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal fibers)

Answer 18

Eversion

Question 19

Movements that stretch or elongate Anterior talofibular ligament (3)

Answer 19

1. Plantar flexion
2. Inversion
3. Adduction

Question 20

Movements that stretch or elongate Calcaneofibular ligament (2)

Answer 20

1. Dorsiflexion
2. Inversion

Question 21

Movements that stretch or elongate Posterior talofibular ligament (3)

Answer 21

1. Dorsiflexion
2. Abduction
3. Inversion

Question 22

What ligaments cross the talocrural & subtalar joint?

Answer 22

1. Deltoid ligament (tibiocalcaneal fibers)
2. Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 23

Subtalar joint involves what 2 bones

Answer 23

Calcaneus + talus

Question 24

Limits excessive inversion at subtalar joint

Answer 24

Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 25

Limits excessive eversion at subtalar joint

Answer 25

Tibiocalcaneal fibers of deltoid ligament

Question 26

* Both ligaments bind the talus with the calcaneus * Limit the extremes of all motions (esp. inversion)

Answer 26

1. Interosseous (talocalcaneal) 2. Cervical ligament

Question 27

Transverse Tarsal Joint consistd of what 2 joints

Answer 27

1. Talonavicular joint 2. Calcaneocuboid Joint

Question 28

Talonavicular Joint Orientation **Joint surfaces:** **Orientation:**

Answer 28

**Joint surfaces:** CV talus, CC Naviculum **Orientation:** dorsal distal to plantar proximal

Question 29

Calcaneocuboid Joint Orientation **Joint surfaces:** **Orientation:**

Answer 29

**Joint surfaces:** flat **Orientation:** perpendicular to plantar foot

Question 30

Interosseous ligaments reinforces

Answer 30

Posterior capsule

Question 31

Dorsal talonavicular ligament reinforces

Answer 31

Capsule dorsally

Question 32

Anterior (tibionavicular) fibers reinforces

Answer 32

Capsule medially

Question 33

Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament reinforces

Answer 33

Capsule dorsal-laterally

Question 34

Bifurcated ligament (calcaneocuboid fibers) reinforces

Answer 34

Capsule dorsally

Question 35

Long and short plantar ligaments reinforces

Answer 35

Capsule medially

Question 36

3 main arches of the foot

Answer 36

1. Medial longitudinal arch 2. Lateral longitudinal arch 3. Transverse arch

Question 37

Mechanisms of Arches 1. Osseous relationship of the ____ & ____ bones 2. Ligamentous support from the plantar ____ & plantar ____ 3. Muscle support

Answer 37

1. Osseous relationship of the **tarsal** & **metatarsal** bones 2. Ligamentous support from the plantar **aponeurosis** & plantar **ligaments** 3. Muscle support

Question 38

Primary **load bearing** & **shock-absorbing** structure of the foot

Answer 38

Medial longitudinal Arch

Question 39

Bones that form the medial arch (5)

Answer 39

1. Calcaneus 2. Talus 3. Navicular 4. Cuneiforms 5. Three medial metatarsals

Question 40

Talonavicular joint is considered the...

Answer 40

Keystone

Question 41

Structures assisting in shock absorption (4)

Answer 41

1. Plantar fat pads 2. Sesamoid bones 3. Plantar fascia 4. Active fascia 5. Active muscular forces

Question 42

Cuboideonavicular joint orientation

Answer 42

Perpendicular to dorsum of foot

Question 43

Consists of the... * Cuneonavicular joint * Cuboideonavicular joint * Intercuneiform & Cuneocuboid joint comflex

Answer 43

Transverse tarsal joint

Question 44

Consists of the... * Base of the metatarsals * 3 cuneiforms * Cuboid

Answer 44

Tarsometatarsal joint