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Functional Anatomy > Exam #3 - Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Exam #3 - Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of cervical vertebrae (3)

A
  1. Smallest
  2. Most mobile
  3. Transverse foramen
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2
Q

“Typical” cervical vertebrae

A

C3-6

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3
Q

“Atypical” cervical vertebrae

A

C1-2 and C7

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4
Q

What 2 muscle groups makeup the posterior craniocervical region

A

Splenius & Suboccipital muscles

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5
Q

Splenius muscles (2)

A
  1. Splenius cervicis
  2. Splenius capitis
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6
Q

Suboccipital muscles (4)

A
  1. Rectus capitis posterior major
  2. Rectus capitis posterior minor
  3. Obliquus capitis superior
  4. Obliquus capitis inferior
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7
Q

Muscles of the Anterolateral Craniocervical region

A
  • SCM
  • Scalenes
  • Longus coli
  • Longus capitis
  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
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8
Q

What are the 3 scalene muscles apart of the anterolateral craniocervical region

A
  1. Scaleneus anterior
  2. Scalenus medius
  3. Scalenus posterior
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9
Q
  • Considered the lower cervical spine
  • Superior surfaces CC side to side with uncinate processes (“hooks”)
  • Inferior surfaces CC anterior-posterior, with elongated posterior & anterior margins
  • Wider side to side
  • Uncovertebral joints (“joints of Luschka”)
A

Typical cervical vertebrae (C3-6)

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10
Q
  • Form between uncinate processes & adjacent superior vertebrae
  • Exists between C3 & C7
A

Uncovertebral joints (“joints of luschka”)

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11
Q

The triangular vertebral column of C3-6 is to accommodate

A

thickening of the spinal cord

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12
Q

Superior articular facets face what direction

A

posterior & superior

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13
Q

Inferior articular facets face what direction

A

anterior & inferior

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14
Q

Transverse processes are short lateral extensions that terminate as

A

anterior & posterior tubercles

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15
Q

What is the function of C1 (atlas)

A

Support the head

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16
Q

What “Atypical” cervical vertebrae has - no body, pedicle, lamina, or spinous process

A

Atlas (C1)

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17
Q

2 large lateral masses of C1 are joined by

A

anterior & posterior arches

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18
Q

C1 anterior arch has anterior tubercle for attachment of the

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

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19
Q

Atlas (C1)

CC superior articular facets face ____ to accept the CV occipital condyles

A

CC superior articular facets face cranially to accept the CV occipital condyles

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20
Q

Atlas (c1)

Inferior articular facets face ____ with the lateral edges facing 20° from the ____ plane

A

Inferior articular facets face inferiorly with the lateral edges facing 20° from the horizontal plane

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21
Q

Characteristics of…

  • Large & tall body base of dens (odontoid process)
  • Stout pedicles & short transverse processes
  • Spinous process of the axis is bifid & very broad serving as muscles attachment site
A

Axis (C2)

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22
Q

Axis (C2)

What structure provides a rigid vertical axis of rotation for the atlas and head

A

Dens (odontoid process)

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23
Q

Axis (C2)

A pair of superior articular processes project ____ from the body

A

laterally

24
Q

Articular processes are slightly CV & oriented 20° from the ____ plane

A

horizontal plane

25
Q

Inferior articular processes of C2 project in what direction

A

anteriorly & inferiorly

26
Q
  • Largest of all cervical vertebrae
  • Resembles thoracic vertebrae
  • Large transverse processes
  • May sprout an extra cervical rib
  • Large spinous process
A

Vertebra Prominens (C7)

Atypical

27
Q

Atlantooccipital Joint

Anteriorly the capsule of each joint blends with the

A

Anterior atlantooccipital membrane

28
Q

Atlantooccipital Joint

Posteriorly the capsule is covered by a thin, broad

A

Posterior atlantooccipital membrane

29
Q

Atlantooccipital Joint

What artery pierces the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane in order to enter the foramen magnum

A

Vertebral Artery

30
Q

The vertebral artery enters where on the vertebrae

A

foramen magnum

31
Q

What 2 synovial cavities of the atlantoaxial joint make up the median joint

A

anterior & posterior cavity

32
Q

What cavity of the atlantoaxial joint is - smaller, bw anterior dens & posterior border of anterior arch of atlas

A

Anterior cavity

33
Q

What cavity of the atlantoaxial joint is - large, seperates posterior side of dens & cartilage lined section of the transverse ligament of the atlas

A

Posterior cavity

34
Q

Essential horizontal plane stability of the atlantoaxial articulation

A

Transverse Ligament of the Atlas

35
Q

What could happen if the transverse lig of the atlas is damaged?

A

Atlas could slip anteriorly & cause damage to axis and spinal cord

36
Q
  • Posterior to transverse ligament
  • Continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament
  • Attaches on basilar part of occipital bone anterior to foramen magnum
A

Tectoral membrane

37
Q

Tectoral membrane function

Provides generalized multidirectional stability to the ____ junction

A

craniocervical junction

38
Q
  • Passes laterally & slightly upward from the apex of the dens to the medial sides of occipital condyles
  • “check ligaments”
  • Contralateral to the side of rotation resists the rotation
A

Alar ligaments

39
Q

Why is alar ligaments referred to as “check ligaments”

A

resist (check) axial rotation of thehead & atlas relative to the dens

40
Q

When is the Alar ligaments loose and taut

A

Loose in neutral & becomes taut during axial rotation

41
Q

Alar ligaments function

Limits ____ & extremes of all other potential motions at the ____ joints

A

Limits rotation & extremes of all other potential motions at the atlantooccipital joints

42
Q

Upper Cervical Spine Coupling

  • Right occiput moves medial, inferior, & anterior (MIA)
  • Left occiput moves lateral, posterior, & superior (LPS)
  • Results in a conjunct LEFT rotation
A

Right lateral flexion

43
Q

Upper Cervical Spine Coupling

  • Left occiput moves medial, inferior, & anterior (MIA)
  • Right occiput moves lateral, posterior, & superior (LPS)
  • Results in a conjunct RIGHT rotation
A

Left lateral flexion

44
Q

Lower Cervical Spine: Intervertebral Disc

IVD height-to-vertebral body height ratio

A

2:5

45
Q

25% of the superior-to-inferior height of the

A

Cervical spine

46
Q

Absence of the annulus fibrosus at the uncovertebral region

A

enabling or resulting from rotary movements of the c-spine

47
Q

Axial rotation of a “typical” cervical verterae occurs around an ____ axis perpendicular to the plane of its facets

A

Oblique axis

48
Q

Posterolaterally, the nucleus pulposus is contained only by the ____ fibers of the ____ ____ ligament

A

Posterolaterally, the nucleus pulposus is contained only by the alar fibers of the posterior longitudinal ligament

49
Q
  • Diarthrodial joints from C3-T1
  • Maintains a synovial compartment
  • Formed bw an uncinate process & inferolateral superior vertebra
  • Creates the posterolateral border of intervertebral disc
A

Uncovertebral Joints

50
Q
  • C1-7
  • Synovial joints, covered with hyaline cartilage
  • Superior facet face up & posteriorly
  • Inferior facet faces down & anteriorly
A

Zygapophyseal Joints

51
Q

Zygapophyseal Joints

C5-6 contributes the greatest to

A

Segmental mobility

52
Q

Zygapophyseal Joints

Major constraints & support for ZAJ are the ____ & the ____

A

ligaments & IVD

53
Q

Zygapophyseal Joints Angulation

Clinically: the orientation of the ZAJ planes can be imagined as passing through the patient’s

A

nose

54
Q

Lower Level Coupling

Lower level cervical spine exhibits ____ coupling

A

ipsilateral

55
Q

Lower cervical coupling between movements in what planes of motion

A

frontal & horizontal planes

56
Q

What is this an example of?

Lateral flexion to the right occurs with slight axial rotation to the right

A

Lower cervical ipsilateral coupling

Functional Anatomy (17 decks)

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