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Functional Anatomy > Exam #2 - Knee Complex > Flashcards

Exam #2 - Knee Complex Flashcards

1
Q

Deviation from normal vertical position

A

Tibial declination

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2
Q

In weight bearing the tibia tends to shift the femur ____ on the tibia

A

In weight bearing the tibia tends to shift the femur posteriorly on the tibia

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3
Q

Normal tibial declination

A

~10° +/- 3°

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4
Q

For every ____° of tibial declination 3-6mm of increased tibial translation present in weight bearing

A

10°

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5
Q

Lateral tibiofemoral joint surface to surface relationship

A

Convex on convex

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6
Q

Medial tibiofemoral joint surface to surface relationship

A

Convex on concave

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7
Q
  • Normal frontal plane alignment of the knee
  • 170-175°
A

Genu Valgum

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8
Q
  • “Knock-knee”
  • Less than (<) 165°
A

Excessive genu valgum

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9
Q
  • “Bow-leg”
  • Greater than (>) 180°
A

Genu Varum

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10
Q

Encloses the medial & lateral compartments of the tibiofemoral joint & the patellofemoral joint

A

Articular capsule of the knee

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11
Q

Primary function: limit excessive frontal plane motions

Secondary function: produce a stabalizing tension throughout sagittal plane motion

A

Collateral Ligaments

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12
Q

With the knee extended the superficial portion of the MCL provides the primary restraint to ____ forces

A

Valgus force

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13
Q

With the knee extended the LCL provides the primary restraint to ____ forces

A

Varus forces

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14
Q

Anterior & Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

  • Provide multiplanar stability of the knee in the ____ plane
  • Guides natural arthrokinematics motions between ____ & ____
  • Contribute to ____ of the knee
A
  • Sagittal plane
  • Tibia & femur
  • Proprioception
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15
Q

Antagonist to the ACL

A

Quadriceps

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16
Q

Collagen fibers within ACL tiwst to form 2 bundles

A
  1. Anteromedial
  2. Posterolateral
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17
Q

Attaches on anterior intercondylar & runs obliquely posterior, superior & lateral attaching on medial side of femoral condyle

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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18
Q

Anteromedial fibers of ACL are taut in

A

Flexion

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19
Q

Posterolateral fibers of ACL are taut in

A

Extension

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20
Q

Anterolateral fibers of PCL are taut in

A

Flexion

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21
Q

Posteromedial fibers of PCL are taut in

A

Extension

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22
Q

MOI of ACL injuries

A

High-velocity stretch to an ACL already under tension

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23
Q

Secondary trauma to other tissues during/after an ACL injury could lead to

A

Instability

24
Q
  • Direction & magnitude of ground reaction forces
  • Inegrity & strength of surround tissues
  • Alignment & position of knee
A

Biomechanical factors of ACL injury

25
Q

70% of ACL sporting injuries are considered

A

Minimal to no contact related

26
Q

3 factors associated with noncontact injuries

A
  1. Strong activation of quads slightly flexed or fully extended knee
  2. “Valgus collapse” of knee
  3. Excessive external rotation of knee
27
Q

Function of MCL

  • Resists ____ force
  • Resists knee ____
  • Resists extremes of ____ ____
A
  • Resists valgus force
  • Resists knee extension
  • Resists extremes of axial rotation
28
Q

MOI

  • Valgus-producing force with foot planted (“clip” in football)
  • Severe hyperextension of knee
A

Medial Collateral Ligament

29
Q

Function of LCL

  • Resists ____ force
  • Resists knee ____
  • Resists extremes of ____ ____
A
  • Resists varus force
  • Resists knee extension
  • Resists extremes of axial rotation
30
Q

MOI

  • Varus-producing force with foot planted
  • Severe hyperextension of the knee
A

Lateral Collateral Ligament

31
Q

Function of Posterior Capsule

  • Resists knee ____
  • Oblique popliteal ligament resists knee ____ ____
  • Posterior-lateral capsule resists ____
A
  • Resists knee extension
  • Oblique popliteal ligament resists knee external
    rotation
  • Posterior-lateral capsule resists varus
32
Q

MOI

  • Hyperextension or combined hyperextension with external rotation of the knee
A

Posterior Capsule

33
Q

Function of Anterior Cruciate Ligament

  • Most fibers resist ____
  • Resists extremes of ____, ____, and ____ ____
A
  • Most fibers resists extension
  • Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
34
Q

MOI

  • Large valgus-producing force with foot planted firmly
  • Large axial rotation torque applied to the knee with the foot firmly planted + quad contraction with knee in full or near full extension
  • Severe hyperextension of knee
A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

35
Q

Function of Posterior Cruciate Ligament

  • Most fibers resist knee ____
  • Resists extremes of ____, ____, and ____ ____
A
  • Most fibers resist knee flexion
  • Resists extremes of varus, valgus, and axial rotation
36
Q

MOI

  • Falling on a fully flexed knee (with ankle fully plantar flexed) such that the proximal tibia first strikes the ground
  • Any event that causes a forceful posterior translation of the tibia (i.e., “dasboard” injury)
  • Severe hyperextension of the knee causing a large gapping of the posterior side of the joint
A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

37
Q

MOI

  • Falling on a fully flexed knee (with ankle fully plantar flexed) such that the proximal tibia first strikes the ground
  • Any event that causes a forceful posterior translation of the tibia (i.e., “dasboard” injury)
  • Severe hyperextension of the knee causing a large gapping of the posterior side of the joint
A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

38
Q

Menisci is anchored to the intercondylar regions via

A

Anterior & posterior horns

39
Q

Meniscotibial ligaments (coronary) attach external edge to the

A

Tibia & adjacent capsule

40
Q

Transverse ligaments connect 2 menisci

A

Anteriorly

41
Q

Meniscal blood supply is greatest in the

A

outer edges

42
Q

Medial meniscus is more “____” shaped & attaches to the ____ & ____

A

“C” shaped & attaches to the MCL & **medial capsule **

43
Q

Lateral meniscus is more “____” shaped & attaches to the ____ ____ only

A

“O” shaped & attaches to the lateral capsule only

44
Q

Primary function of Menisci

A

Reduce compressive stress across the TFJ

45
Q
  • Stabalizing the joint
  • Lubricating articular cartliage
  • Providing proprioception
  • Help guide knee arthrokinematics
A

Menisci functions

46
Q

Most common injury of the knee

A

Meniscal injuries

47
Q

50% of all acute ____ injuries are associated with meniscal injuries

A

Acute ACL injuries

48
Q

____ menisci are 2x more frequently injuried that ____ menisci

A

Medial menisci are 2x more frequently injuried than lateral menisci

49
Q

MOI - forceful, axial rotation of the femoral condyles over a partially flexed & weight-bearing knee

A

Meniscal Injury

50
Q
  • Locking of the knee in full extension
  • ~10° of external rotation
  • Occurs during last 30° of extension
A

Screw-Home mechanism

51
Q

The combined ER & knee extension maximizes the overall contact area by increasing joint ____ & ____

A

Increasing joint congruency & stability

52
Q

The “screw-home” mechanism is driven by

  • Shape of ____ ____ ____
  • ____ tension in the ACL
  • Slight ____ pull of the quadriceps muscle
A
  • Shape of the medial femoral condyle
  • Passive tension in the ACL
  • Slight lateral pull of the quadriceps muscle
53
Q

Elastic sping-like element stretched beyond resting length

A

Passive tension

54
Q

2 interrelated factors asscoiated with patellofemoral joint compression force

A
  1. Force within the quadriceps
  2. Knee flexion angle
55
Q

Movement between the patella & femur across the greatest possible area of articular surface with the least possible stress

A

Optimal patellar tracking

56
Q

Q-angle

  • A line representing the resultant line of force of the quads, made by connecting a point near the ____ to the ____ of the patella
  • Long axis of the patellar tendon, made by connecting a point on the ____ ____ with the midpoint of the patella
A
  • made by connecting a point near the ASIS to the midpoint of the patella
  • Long axis of the patellar tendon, made by by connecting a point on the tibial tuberosity with the midpoint of the patella
57
Q

The larger the Q-angle, the greater the

A

The larger the Q-angle, the greater the lateral muscle pull on the patella

Functional Anatomy (17 decks)

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