Exam #3 - Lumbosacral Musculature

Question 1

Primary ligaments of the Sacroiliac Joint (4)

Answer 1

1. Anterior sacroiliac
2. Iliolumbar
3. Interosseous
4. Short & long sacroiliac

Question 2

Secondary ligaments of the Sacroiliac Joint (2)

Answer 2

1. Sacrotuberous
2. Sacrospinous

Question 3

What happens to the Nucleus Pulposus during flexion & extension

Answer 3

Flexion: Deformed or pushed posteriorly

Extension: Deformed or pushed anteriorly

Question 4

What happens to the Annulus Fibrosus during flexion & extension

Answer 4

Flexion: Posterior side stretch

Extension: Anterior side stretch

Question 5

What happens to the Apophyseal Joint during flexion & extension

Answer 5

Flexion: Capsule stretch / Minimizes articular contact / Articular loading decreases

Extension: Capsule slackened (neutral ext only) / Maximizes articular contact area (neutral ext only) / Articular loading increased

Question 6

What happens to the Intervertebral Foramen during flexion & extension

Answer 6

Flexion: Widened

Extension: Narrowed

Question 7

What happens to the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament during flexion & extension

Answer 7

Flexion: Increased tension (elongated)

Extension: Decreased tension (slackened)

Question 8

What happens to the Ligamentum Flavum during flexion & extension

Answer 8

Flexion: Increased tension (elongated)

Extension: Decreased tension (slackened)

Question 9

What happens to the Interspinous Ligament during flexion & extension

Answer 9

Flexion: Increased tension (elongated)

Extension: Decreased tension (slackened)

Question 10

What happens to the Supraspinous Ligament during flexion & extension

Answer 10

Flexion: Increased tension (elongated)

Extension: Decreased tension (slackened)

Question 11

What happens to the Anterior Longitudinal Ligament during flexion & extension

Answer 11

Flexion: Decreased tension (slackened)

Extension: Increased tension (elongated)

Question 12

What happens to the Spinal Cord during flexion & extension

Answer 12

Flexion: Increased tension (elongated)

Extension: Decreased tension (slackened)

Question 13

Primary Function: Contributes to rotation

Stabilizing Function: Creates tension, increases intra-abdominal pressure, activates with “drawing-in” maneuver

Answer 13

Transverse Abdominis

Question 14

Primary Function: Pelvic hiking & side bending of spine

Stabilizing Function: Frontal & sagittal plane stability, stabalize ribs against diaphragm during inspiration, stability to lumbar vertebrae

Answer 14

Quadratus Lumborum

Question 15

Primary Function: Spinal extension & contralateral rotation

Stabilizing Function: Stabalizes spine against flexion & rotation & contralateral side flexion, stability to lumbar vertebrae, activated with “drawing-in” & bracing for spinal stabilization

Answer 15

Multifidus

Question 16

1. Approximates spinous processes
2. Increases Intra-abdominal pressure
3. Creates a ridged column due to muscular activation

Answer 16

Thoracolumbar fascia

Question 17

• A girdle-like cylinder of muscular support is produced as a result of
  the coactivation of the TA, multifidus, and the thick thoracolumbar fascia
• Combined with global muscle activation = increase spinal stiffness

Answer 17

Bracing mechanism

Question 18

Structure: Erector Spinae, Sacrotuberous Lig, Ischial Tuberosity, Biceps Femoris

Function: Creates extension & hyperextension

Dysfunction: Creates an ipsilateral anterior & posterior tilted SIJ & translated femoral joint, knee pain, & ankle sprains

Answer 18

Deep Longitudinal Sling

Question 19

Structure: Ipsilateral rhomboids/latissimus/thoracolumbar fascia & Contralateral gluteus maximus

Function: Force closure & significant to load transfer through pelvic gridle during rotational activities, counterbalance, power & percision for gait, striking & throwing

Dysfunction: Rotated SIJ & abducted scapula, hamstring strains

Answer 19

Posterior Oblique Sling

Question 20

Structure: Ipsilateral Pect Major/Serratus Ant./External Oblique, Ant. Oblique Fascia, Contralateral Internal Oblique/Hip Adductor mm

Function: Contralateral counterbalance, power & percision for acceleration/deceleration, gait & throwing, force closure to pubic symphysis

Dysfunction: Groin strains, sports hernia, breathing issues

Answer 20

Anterior Oblique Sling

Question 21

Structure: Ipsilateral gluteus medius & minimus/adductors/TFL, Contralateral quadratus lumborum

Function: Frontal plane stability, mediates force to maintain upright torso during heel strike, creates lateral flexion of spine, hip abd, brake against lateral & rotational movements of trunk, significant for pelvic gridle during standing/walking

Dysfunction: Laterally tilted pelvis, IR & anterior shifted femur or abducted femoral head

Answer 21

Lateral Sling

Question 22

Abdominal muscles that reinforce & stabilize the sacroiliac joint (4)

Answer 22

1. Rectus abdominis
2. Obliquus abdominis internus
3. Obliquus abdominis externus
4. Transverse abdominis

Question 23

Hip extensor muscles that reinforce & stabilize the sacroiliac joint (2)

Answer 23

1. Biceps femoris
2. Gluteus maximus

Question 24

Muscles that reinforce & stabalize the sacroiliac joint (7)

Answer 24

1. Erector spinae
2. Lumbar multifidi
3. Abdominal mm
4. Hip extensor mm
5. Latissimus dorsi
6. Iliacus
7. Piriformis

Question 25

Levator Ani muscles (3)

Answer 25

1. Pubococcygeus 2. Puborectalis 3. Iliococcygeus

Question 26

Function of Levator Ani muscles (5)

Answer 26

1. Increase intra-abdominal pressure 2. Provide rectal support 3. Inhibit bladder activity 4. Support pelvic organs 5. Assist in lumbar stability

Question 27

Lumbopelvic Cylinder Capsule * Inferior wall - * Superior wall - * Posterior wall - * Anterior/Lateral wall -

Answer 27

* Inferior wall - **pelvic floor** * Superior wall - **diaphragm** * Posterior wall - **multifidus** * Anterior/Lateral wall - **transverse abdominis**

Question 28

All walls of the cylinder must be activated and taut for optimal trunk ____ to occur with all static and dynamic activties

Answer 28

optimal trunk **stabilization**

Question 29

**Clinically:** the process of transverse abdominis contraction

Answer 29

diaphragmatic breathing