Exam 3: respiratory system pt.1 Flashcards
what makes up the upper airways in the respiratory system?
nose to phyranx
what makes up the lower airways in the respiratory system?
layrnx to lungs
what is the conducting zone?
it warms, filters, and humidfies the air due to the mucus secreting cells and ciliated cells which make up the repiratory mucosa
what makes up the conducting portion in order?
L, T, L+R PB, SB, TB, B, TB
1) layrnx
2) trachea
3) Left and right primary bronchi
4) secondary bronchi
5) tertiary bronchi
6) brinchioles
7) terminal bronchiole
what is the larynx?
the voice box; composed primarily of CARTILAGE to hold the airways open
what does the larynx contain?
V, E, LA
- vocal cords
- epiglottis
- largest airway
what is the trachea?
windpipe; conatins 15-20 C shaped cartilages
what is the L+R primary bronchi?
enter the lungs conatins rings of cartilage
what is the secondary bronchi?
these conatin plates of cartilage
what is the tertiary bronchi?
these conatin plates of cartilage
what is the bronchioles ?
no cartilage; primarily smooth muscle in the wall
where does max constriction and dialtion occur?
bronchioles
what is the respiratory zone? (Exchange)?
walls are so thin that gases can diffuse across them in all gas exchnage
what are the four forces of pulmonary ventilation?
ATM, IA, IPL, TP
- Atm pressure
- intra-alveolar (intrapulmonary)
- intrapleural
- transpulmonary
what is Atm pressure?
760mmHg
what is Intra-alveolar (intrapulmonary) pressure? (The #)
at rest is equal to Atm so 760 mmHg somtimes listed as 0 mmHg
what is intrapleural pressure?
pressure in the fluid filled space between two pleural tissues associated w/ the lung @ rest 756mmHg somtimes listed as 4mmHg
what is transpulmonary pressure?
the diffrence between IAP and IPP (must be pos)
Palv-Pip
what is the mechanic of breathing based on
Boyles law
what is inspiration?
during non forced inspirtation the diaphgram contracts to elongate the chest cavity, external intercostals contract to increase the width of the chest cavity
what is the result of inspiration?
Pip> Ptp> Pia> thus Pia
Pip (1-2mmHg) drops and Ptp increases (1-2mmHg) and Pia drops (1-2mmHg) thus Pia is 1-2 mmHg below Atm pressure and gas can flow into the alveoli
what is the result of expiration?
V> Pia
muscles relax there is an elastic recoil which causes volume in the lungs to decrease so as volume decreases Pia increases
what cell warms, humdifies, and filters air coming in?
goblet cells
where does gas exchange occur?
respiartory membrane
