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Physiology > Exam 3: blood vessels > Flashcards

Exam 3: blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

what is the avg. MAP?

A

85mmHg

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2
Q

what is vasocontriction?

A

radius decrease

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3
Q

what is vasodilation?

A

radius increase

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4
Q

what is the path for blood flow?

H, A, AS, C, VS, Vn, H

A

heart, artery, arterioles, capillaries, venuoles, vien, heart

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5
Q

what are arteries?

A

conduct blood AWAY from the heart

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6
Q

what kind of muscle and fiber is found in large arteries?

largest amount

A

smooth muscle and elastin fibers

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7
Q

what is another name for the large arteries?

A
  • pressure resvoir
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8
Q

when is elastic force stored?

A

during diastole

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9
Q

what happens when no more blood is entering the arteries?

A

the walls passiveley recoil inward and prepel blood forward

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10
Q

what decreases from the large artery to arterioles?

A
  • amount of elastin fiber and smooth muscle
  • pressure
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11
Q

what is another name for the arterioles?

A

greatess resistance

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12
Q

what are characteristics of arterioles?

A

well innervated and muscular

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13
Q

what is active hyperemia?

A

a vasodilation or contsrtiction based on metabolic activity

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14
Q

what is reactive hyperemia?

A

a vasodilation based on a a decrease in BF

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15
Q

what is a myogenic respone?

A

Map increases, the arteriolar wall is stretched and the respone is vasoconstriction and vice versa

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16
Q

what are the two chemical messengers?

A
  • nitric oxide
  • endothelin 1
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17
Q

what is the purpose of these chemical messengers?

A

release chemicals which relax or contract the arteriolar muscle

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18
Q

what happens when epinephrine binds to beta 2 adenergic receptors?

A

vasodialtation

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19
Q

what are capillaries?

A

smallest blood vessel

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20
Q

what are the characteristics of the capillaries?

A
  • small
  • thin walled
  • highly permeable
  • exchange
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21
Q

what happens in the capillaries?

A
  • exchanage betweeen blood and tissue cells
22
Q

what are the two types of exchnage that occur in the capillaries?

A

continous and fenestrated

23
Q

what is continous exchange?

most common

A

have small gaps between the cell which allow permeablilty of small size molecules such as O, CO2, steriods, hormones)

24
Q

what is fenstrated exchange?

cell pores are called fenestrations

A

the pores allow for rapid movement of water soluble molecules such as Na, K, gluclose)

25
Q

where can denstarted exchange be found?

A
  • in organs such as the kidney, liver, and bone marrow
26
Q

what regulates flowe in the capillaries?

MA, PCS

A

smooth muscle of the metartioles ( bypass) and precapillary sphincter

27
Q

what is the bulk flow across capillary walls?

A

from blood to interstitial fluid= filtration
interstitial fluid to blood= absportion

28
Q

what are the four starling forces?

CHP, IFP, COP, IFOP

A
  • capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • interstitial fluid pressure
  • capillary osmotic pressure
  • interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
29
Q

what is capillary hydrostatic pressure?

Pcap

A

the pressure exerted by the fluid in the capillary, decreases as you move down the capillary

30
Q

what does the capillary hydrostatic pressure favor?

A

filtration

31
Q

what is the interstitial fluid pressure?

A

this force opposes capillary hydrostatic pressure

32
Q

what is capillary osmotic pressure?

3.14CAP

A

the presence of a nonpermeating solute exerts an osmotic pressure that tends to draw water to the side where it is present in greater concetrations

33
Q

what is the most prevleant starling force?

A

capillary osmotic pressure

34
Q

what does capillary osmotic pressure favor?

A

absportion

35
Q

what isinterstitial fluid osmotic pressure?

A

the opposite of capillary osmotic pressure

36
Q

what does interstitial fluid osmotic pressure favor?

3.14IF

A

filtration

37
Q

what is the eqaution for net filtration pressure? (NFP)

A

NFP= FP- AP
NFP= (capillary hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure) -(interstitial fluid pressure + capillary osmotic pressure)

38
Q

what are the characteristics of venules?

A
  • thin walled
  • some smooth muscles
39
Q

what are venules?

A

vessels slightly larger than capillaries and they fuse together to form veins

40
Q

what are the characteristics of veins?

A
  • thin walled
  • fairly muscular
  • brings back blood to the heart 2-8mmHg (0)
41
Q

what are the four factors that affect blood flow through veins?

A
  • Skelatal muscle pump
  • respiratory pump
  • blood volume
  • vasmotor tone
42
Q

what is the Skelatal muscle pump?

calf muscles

A

when muscles contract venous pressure increases and return increases towards the heart

43
Q

what is the respiratory pump?

A

when we take a breath the chest pressure DROPS and the diaphgram flattens and abdominal pressure increases, so blood is pushes upward into our chest

44
Q

what is blood volume?

A

blood volume, venous pressure, end systolic volumes, cardiac output , and MAP decreases

45
Q

what is vasmotor tone?

A

when the sypmathetic nervous system is activated the veins contrict venous pressure, CO, MAP, all increases

46
Q

oxygenated flows in from where?

A

the artery

47
Q

what is the pressure in the artery?

A

85mmHg

48
Q

what is normal HR?

A

70-80 BPM

49
Q

what is the pressure in the arterioles?

A

38mmHg

50
Q

what kind of tissue lines the capillaries?

A

endothelieum

51
Q

what is the pressure in the venuoles?

A
  • 16mmHg

Physiology (13 decks)

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