Exam 3: blood vessels

Question 1

what is the avg. MAP?

Answer 1

85mmHg

Question 2

what is vasocontriction?

Answer 2

radius decrease

Question 3

what is vasodilation?

Answer 3

radius increase

Question 4

what is the path for blood flow?

H, A, AS, C, VS, Vn, H

Answer 4

heart, artery, arterioles, capillaries, venuoles, vien, heart

Question 5

what are arteries?

Answer 5

conduct blood AWAY from the heart

Question 6

what kind of muscle and fiber is found in large arteries?

largest amount

Answer 6

smooth muscle and elastin fibers

Question 7

what is another name for the large arteries?

Answer 7

• pressure resvoir

Question 8

when is elastic force stored?

Answer 8

during diastole

Question 9

what happens when no more blood is entering the arteries?

Answer 9

the walls passiveley recoil inward and prepel blood forward

Question 10

what decreases from the large artery to arterioles?

Answer 10

• amount of elastin fiber and smooth muscle
• pressure

Question 11

what is another name for the arterioles?

Answer 11

greatess resistance

Question 12

what are characteristics of arterioles?

Answer 12

well innervated and muscular

Question 13

what is active hyperemia?

Answer 13

a vasodilation or contsrtiction based on metabolic activity

Question 14

what is reactive hyperemia?

Answer 14

a vasodilation based on a a decrease in BF

Question 15

what is a myogenic respone?

Answer 15

Map increases, the arteriolar wall is stretched and the respone is vasoconstriction and vice versa

Question 16

what are the two chemical messengers?

Answer 16

• nitric oxide
• endothelin 1

Question 17

what is the purpose of these chemical messengers?

Answer 17

release chemicals which relax or contract the arteriolar muscle

Question 18

what happens when epinephrine binds to beta 2 adenergic receptors?

Answer 18

vasodialtation

Question 19

what are capillaries?

Answer 19

smallest blood vessel

Question 20

what are the characteristics of the capillaries?

Answer 20

• small
• thin walled
• highly permeable
• exchange

Question 21

what happens in the capillaries?

Answer 21

• exchanage betweeen blood and tissue cells

Question 22

what are the two types of exchnage that occur in the capillaries?

Answer 22

continous and fenestrated

Question 23

what is continous exchange?

most common

Answer 23

have small gaps between the cell which allow permeablilty of small size molecules such as O, CO2, steriods, hormones)

Question 24

what is fenstrated exchange?

cell pores are called fenestrations

Answer 24

the pores allow for rapid movement of water soluble molecules such as Na, K, gluclose)

Question 25

where can denstarted exchange be found?

Answer 25

- in organs such as the kidney, liver, and bone marrow

Question 26

what regulates flowe in the capillaries? | MA, PCS

Answer 26

smooth muscle of the metartioles ( bypass) and precapillary sphincter

Question 27

what is the bulk flow across capillary walls?

Answer 27

from blood to interstitial fluid= filtration interstitial fluid to blood= absportion

Question 28

what are the four starling forces? | CHP, IFP, COP, IFOP

Answer 28

- capillary hydrostatic pressure - interstitial fluid pressure - capillary osmotic pressure - interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

Question 29

what is capillary hydrostatic pressure? | Pcap

Answer 29

the pressure exerted by the fluid in the capillary, decreases as you move down the capillary

Question 30

what does the capillary hydrostatic pressure favor?

Answer 30

filtration

Question 31

what is the interstitial fluid pressure?

Answer 31

this force opposes capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 32

what is capillary osmotic pressure? | 3.14CAP

Answer 32

the presence of a nonpermeating solute exerts an osmotic pressure that tends to draw water to the side where it is present in greater concetrations

Question 33

what is the most prevleant starling force?

Answer 33

capillary osmotic pressure

Question 34

what does capillary osmotic pressure favor?

Answer 34

absportion

Question 35

what isinterstitial fluid osmotic pressure?

Answer 35

the opposite of capillary osmotic pressure

Question 36

what does interstitial fluid osmotic pressure favor? | 3.14IF

Answer 36

filtration

Question 37

what is the eqaution for net filtration pressure? (NFP)

Answer 37

NFP= FP- AP NFP= (capillary hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure) -(interstitial fluid pressure + capillary osmotic pressure)

Question 38

what are the characteristics of venules?

Answer 38

- thin walled - some smooth muscles

Question 39

what are venules?

Answer 39

vessels slightly larger than capillaries and they fuse together to form veins

Question 40

what are the characteristics of veins?

Answer 40

- thin walled - fairly muscular - brings back blood to the heart 2-8mmHg (0)

Question 41

what are the four factors that affect blood flow through veins?

Answer 41

- Skelatal muscle pump - respiratory pump - blood volume - vasmotor tone

Question 42

what is the Skelatal muscle pump? | calf muscles

Answer 42

when muscles contract venous pressure increases and return increases towards the heart

Question 43

what is the respiratory pump?

Answer 43

when we take a breath the chest pressure DROPS and the diaphgram flattens and abdominal pressure increases, so blood is pushes upward into our chest

Question 44

what is blood volume?

Answer 44

blood volume, venous pressure, end systolic volumes, cardiac output , and MAP decreases

Question 45

what is vasmotor tone?

Answer 45

when the sypmathetic nervous system is activated the veins contrict venous pressure, CO, MAP, all increases

Question 46

oxygenated flows in from where?

Answer 46

the artery

Question 47

what is the pressure in the artery?

Answer 47

85mmHg

Question 48

what is normal HR?

Answer 48

70-80 BPM

Question 49

what is the pressure in the arterioles?

Answer 49

38mmHg

Question 50

what kind of tissue lines the capillaries?

Answer 50

endothelieum

Question 51

what is the pressure in the venuoles?

Answer 51

- 16mmHg