exam 3 pigments Flashcards by Charlotte Gillis

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free hemogobin from damaged RBC is picked up in circulation by

hapten

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What cell in the spleen/liver breaks hemoglobin into 3 parts

macrophage

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3 products of hemoglobin

iron

globin

heme

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How is heme processed?

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How is unconjugated bilirubin processed?

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Too much bilirubin in the blood

hyperbilirubinemia

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bilirubinemia >> 2 mg/dl you get

jaundice

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Yellow discoloration of tissue or fluid

Jaundice or Icterus = increased bilirubin in tissues

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True or false

use fat to assess, especially livestock, corn fed chickens, monkeys.

false

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How does hyperbilirubinemia (icterus) happen?

Prehepatic hyperbilirubinemia
Hepatic hyperbilirubinemia
Posthepatic hyperbilirubinemia

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hemolysis is an etiology of ____ jaundice

pre hepatic

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Get this black kidney because excessive _____ filtered through the kidney is toxic to the kidney

hemoglobin

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Red-brown coloration of kidney and urine – Pink serum

Hemoglobinuria due to intravascular haemolysis

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Red-brown coloration of kidney and urine – Pink serum

Hemoglobinuria

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tylenol causes jaundice in cats what are eitologis are there?

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Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

Prehepatic

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Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

Prehepatic - IMHA

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Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

Hepatic – infectious canine hepatitis (adenovirus)

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Prehepatic, Hepatic, or Posthepatic?

Posthepatic – biliary calculus

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Iron stored intracellularly as ferritin (bound to apoferritin) • Gross – Must have a lot to impart gross brown color

hemosideran

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Stains blue-black with prussian blue / Perls

hemosideran

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Hemosideran accumulation can be __ or __

Local: Chronic congestion Hemorrhage 2. Widespread: Hemolysis Inherited disorders of Fe storage

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“Heart failure cells” – hemosiderin-laden macrophages within alveoli. Local or widespread?

Localized hemosiderosis due to chronic congestion

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This is ____ accumuation of hemosideran due to hemolysis

generalized

Pink-red discolored bones and teeth – Fluoresces with uv light in calves, pigs, cats

Erythropoietic porphyria

Erythropoietic porphyria is an inherited defenciy of \_\_\_\_

uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase  defect in heme synthesis  porphyrins

What is this pigment

melanin

Disease: Flea allergy dermatitis secondaryily leads to what MDX?

MDx: Cutaneous hyperpigmentation (hypermelanosis)

Sheep brain has developmental anomaly Mdx:

MDx: meningeal melanosis

Sheep uterus developmental anomaly

MDx: endometrial melanosis

Cow lungs developmental anomaly

MDx: pleural melanosis

Pigmentation?

Melanosis

Derived from the breakdown of lipids - an un-degradable remnant of breakdown of organelles • Composed of lipid complexed with protein • Commonly in found in aged cells and injured cells (“wear and tear” pigment) • Especially accumulates in postmitotic cells

lipofuscin

Tissue obtains a brownish color after large amount of accumulation

MDx: Myocardial lipofuscinosis

Pony lesser omentum MDx: omental carotenoid pigmentation (EXOGENOUS PIGMENTATION)

Pathogenesis: vitamin A accumulates in fatty tissues and causes yellow-orange discoloration

inhaled carbon deposits in peribronchiolar macrophage aggregates

MDx: pulmonary anthracosis “Pneumoconiosis” = inhaled dust, anthracosis is a subtype of this

African green monkey lung

MDx: pulmonary anthracosis Pathogenesis: inhaled carbon deposits in peribronchiolar macrophage aggregates “Pneumoconiosis” = inhaled dust, anthracosis is a subtype of this

sheep liver

MDx: chronic cholangitis & biliary parasitic hematin

Macaque lung

MDx: chronic bronchiolitis and parasitic hematin & lung mites

blue indicative of

ingestion of certain anticoagulant rodenticides

this happens to puppies of moms who have been given ___ during pregnancy

tetracycline

this is a mineral deposit of \_\_\_

Gritty white deposit

Lungs – Basophilic intracellular and extracellular pleomorphic granular material

Kidney – Basophilic granular material within glomerular and tubular basement membranes and renal tubular epithelial cells

what stains black with vonkossa

2 types of calcification

Local deposition of calcium in areas of injury • Especially necrotic fat – calcium ions interact with fatty acids, producing insoluble calcium soaps (“saponification”) • Also muscle, granulomas, dead parasites

dystropic

Widespread deposition of calcium in otherwise normal tissues • Caused by hypercalcemia • Predilection sites – vascular intima/adventitia – gastric mucosa – renal tubular epithelium – pulmonary interstitium – basement membranes

metastatic

cause of hypercalcemia

\*vitamin D deficiency (normally produced in kidney) and hyperphosphatemia (will precipitate out Ca)  PTH production  hypercalcemia

Dystrophic vs Metastatic?

metastatic

dystrophic

metastatic

hyperadrenocorticism or long term corticosteroid treatment

Calcinosis cutis

Fibrils made of stacked β -pleated sheets • Can be formed by lots of different protein monomers • Deposited and accumulates in extracellular space – COMPRESSION ATROPHY of adjacent tissues

amyloid

Enlarged, firm organs with waxy appearance – Stains blue violet when treated with iodine + sulfuric acid • Histo – Amorphous homogenous eosinophilic extracellular material (“hyaline”)

amyloid

Amorphous homogenous eosinophilic extracellular material (“hyaline”) – Stains pink and has green birefringence with polarized light when stained with Congo Red

amyloid

Which 2 most important

top 2

A dog that you treated for protein losing nephropathy…..

Glomerular amyloidosis

Pathogenesis of ‘reactive systemic amyloidosis’: Chronic inflammation  liver produces SAA in response to IL-4 & IL-6  spontaneous conversion of SAA to AA  formation of amyloid fibrils

Most common form in animals Hereditary in sharpeis and abyssinians Kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes

accumulation of uric acid in tissues

Gout

what species No uricase; uric acid is the end product – Get gout from decreased renal function, dehydration

birds reptiles

Get gout from diet, genetic disorders, chemotherapy in what species

mammals

Chalky white foci on surface of visceral organs and serous membranes (liver, myocardium, spleen, pleura, air sacs, etc…) – May involve soft tissues around joints • Histo – Needle-like clear spaces (crystals dissolve out in processing) – “Tophi” - granulomatous inflammation surrounding deposit