exam 3 neoplasia part 3 Flashcards
YOu can aquire these changes from 2 different sources. Name them!
inherited in germ line
acquired somatic mutation
Pediactric cancers, Familial dispositions, and individuals with multicancer types are inherited from what source?
germ line
What is the Mdx of this neoplasm in the rib cage of a young calf
MDx: pleural mesothelioma
What is the Mdx of this germ line neoplasm in the spinal cord of a young dog
Mdx: Nephroblastoma
Bernese Mountain Dog’s are predisposed to ___
Malignant histiocytosis
German Shepherds are predisposed to ___
hemangiosarcoma
Big breeds and boxers are predisposed to ____
osteosarcoma
Tumor suppressor gene because need 2 mutations for neoplasms (silent passage to next generation)
Gene repair
Not oncogene because it only needs one mutation (dominant) so the embryo would get neoplasm
What is the reason old age is associated with cancer
acquired somatic mutations (longer life longer time to accumulate mutations)
True or false
acquired somatic mutations are pssed in the germ line
false
4 causes of change in DNA
Spontaneous • Ionizing radiation • Chemical carcinogens • Oncogenic viruses
What is the Mdx of this malignant tumor and what is the cause?
Ocular squamous cell carcinoma
caused by UV exposure
White haired cats are susceptible to ______ caused by UV exposure
squamous cell carcinoma
What is the Mdx, cause, and disease name of this neoplasm of the bladder
MDx: transitional cell carcinoma
Cause: chronic bracken fern ingestion (contains the carcinogen, ptaquiloside)
Disease name: Bovine enzootic hematuria
Which chicken virus is oncogenic and causes lymphoma?
Merek’s dz virus
Papillomas and carcinomas are caused by which virus in many species
Papilloma virus
Feline Leukemia and sarcoma viruses cause what type of neoplasms in cats
leukemia, lymphoma, sarcomas
Which virus causes lymphoma and leukemia in cattle
BLV
What virus causes this neoplasm in the esophagus and reticulum of a cow? Mdx?
MDx: Esophageal fibropapilloma Cause: Bovine papilloma virus
Mediastinum of a young cat Mdx? Cause?
MDx: Thymic lymphoma Cause: FeLV
What virus causes this damage to the omasum of a cow? Mdx? Cause?
MDx: omasal lymphoma Cause: bovine leukemia virus (retrovirus)
Stomach from cat with chronic vomiting. Mdx? cause?
MDx: Chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma Cause: Chronic Ollulanus tricuspis infection
The top picture is an example of _____ indirect result of a tumor
The bottom picture is an example of direct effects of tumors
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Cerebral atrophy secondary to an oligodendroglioma in a dog
Secondary to inflammation in the tumor – Trauma of the tumor – Tumor ‘outgrows’ its blood supply • Secondary inflammatory response and liberation of cytokines (ex: TNF-α) may impact the host’s health • Have to take this in to consideration when sampling a tumor for diagnosis
tumor necrosis
“progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass, accompanied by profound weakness, anorexia and anemia” • Lose both fat and muscle and metabolic rate does not decrease (vs starvation)
cancer cachexia
Hypercalcemia of malignancy – production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by neoplasms – 90% of cases in the dog are due to apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac – Lymphoma, multiple myeloma also fairly common in dogs. These are all examples of what type of neoplasm consequence?
endocrinopathies
Dogs and cats Clinically present with lameness, on radiographs periosteal new bone growth is seen • Associated with space-occupying thoracic lesions. What consequence of neoplasm is this?
hypertophic osteopathy
True or false
These are examples of normal long bones
false
hypertrophc osteopathy
b
c
Histopath to confirm and then excise it
– if the diagnosis might affect surgical/Rx plan
incisional
– if the diagnosis will NOT affect surgical/Rx plan
excision
Degree of differentiation – Invasion – Mitotic rate – Features of anaplasia – pleomorphism, anisokaryosis/anisocytosis, nuclear hyperchromasia, high N:C ratio, prominent nucleoli These are all criteria of ______
malignancy
True or false
Neoplasm staging is done by the clinician and neoplasm grading is done by the pathologist.
true
Immunohistochemistry
________– expressed by sarcomas
Cytokeratin – expressed by carcinomas
Vimentin
Clonality Assays and PCR for T or B lymphocyte antigen receptor rearrangement (“PARR”) are used to diagnos or strengthen a diagnosis of what neoplasm?
lymphoma
d
True or false
Size of primary tumor – Depth of invasion – Involvement of regional lymph nodes – Extent of distant metastasis are all used as a prognostic factor for the pathologist to stage the neoplasm.
false
the clinician stages
