exam 3 neoplasia part 3

Question 1

YOu can aquire these changes from 2 different sources. Name them!

Answer 1

inherited in germ line

acquired somatic mutation

Question 2

Pediactric cancers, Familial dispositions, and individuals with multicancer types are inherited from what source?

Answer 2

germ line

Question 3

What is the Mdx of this neoplasm in the rib cage of a young calf

Answer 3

MDx: pleural mesothelioma

Question 4

What is the Mdx of this germ line neoplasm in the spinal cord of a young dog

Answer 4

Mdx: Nephroblastoma

Question 5

Bernese Mountain Dog’s are predisposed to ___

Answer 5

Malignant histiocytosis

Question 6

German Shepherds are predisposed to ___

Answer 6

hemangiosarcoma

Question 7

Big breeds and boxers are predisposed to ____

Answer 7

osteosarcoma

Question 8

Answer 8

Tumor suppressor gene because need 2 mutations for neoplasms (silent passage to next generation)

Gene repair

Not oncogene because it only needs one mutation (dominant) so the embryo would get neoplasm

Question 9

What is the reason old age is associated with cancer

Answer 9

acquired somatic mutations (longer life longer time to accumulate mutations)

Question 10

True or false

acquired somatic mutations are pssed in the germ line

Answer 10

false

Question 11

4 causes of change in DNA

Answer 11

Spontaneous • Ionizing radiation • Chemical carcinogens • Oncogenic viruses

Question 12

What is the Mdx of this malignant tumor and what is the cause?

Answer 12

Ocular squamous cell carcinoma

caused by UV exposure

Question 13

White haired cats are susceptible to ______ caused by UV exposure

Answer 13

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 14

What is the Mdx, cause, and disease name of this neoplasm of the bladder

Answer 14

MDx: transitional cell carcinoma

Cause: chronic bracken fern ingestion (contains the carcinogen, ptaquiloside)

Disease name: Bovine enzootic hematuria

Question 15

Which chicken virus is oncogenic and causes lymphoma?

Answer 15

Merek’s dz virus

Question 16

Papillomas and carcinomas are caused by which virus in many species

Answer 16

Papilloma virus

Question 17

Feline Leukemia and sarcoma viruses cause what type of neoplasms in cats

Answer 17

leukemia, lymphoma, sarcomas

Question 18

Which virus causes lymphoma and leukemia in cattle

Answer 18

BLV

Question 19

What virus causes this neoplasm in the esophagus and reticulum of a cow? Mdx?

Answer 19

MDx: Esophageal fibropapilloma Cause: Bovine papilloma virus

Question 20

Mediastinum of a young cat Mdx? Cause?

Answer 20

MDx: Thymic lymphoma Cause: FeLV

Question 21

What virus causes this damage to the omasum of a cow? Mdx? Cause?

Answer 21

MDx: omasal lymphoma Cause: bovine leukemia virus (retrovirus)

Question 22

Question 23

Stomach from cat with chronic vomiting. Mdx? cause?

Answer 23

MDx: Chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma Cause: Chronic Ollulanus tricuspis infection

Question 24

The top picture is an example of _____ indirect result of a tumor

The bottom picture is an example of direct effects of tumors

Answer 24

Paraneoplastic syndromes

Cerebral atrophy secondary to an oligodendroglioma in a dog

Question 25

Secondary to inflammation in the tumor – Trauma of the tumor – Tumor ‘outgrows’ its blood supply • Secondary inflammatory response and liberation of cytokines (ex: TNF-α) may impact the host’s health • Have to take this in to consideration when sampling a tumor for diagnosis

Answer 25

tumor necrosis

Question 26

“progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass, accompanied by profound weakness, anorexia and anemia” • Lose both fat and muscle and metabolic rate does not decrease (vs starvation)

Answer 26

cancer cachexia

Question 27

Hypercalcemia of malignancy – production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by neoplasms – 90% of cases in the dog are due to apocrine gland adenocarcinoma of the anal sac – Lymphoma, multiple myeloma also fairly common in dogs. These are all examples of what type of neoplasm consequence?

Answer 27

endocrinopathies

Question 28

Dogs and cats Clinically present with lameness, on radiographs periosteal new bone growth is seen • Associated with space-occupying thoracic lesions. What consequence of neoplasm is this?

Answer 28

hypertophic osteopathy

Question 29

True or false

These are examples of normal long bones

Answer 29

false

hypertrophc osteopathy

Question 30

Answer 30

b

Question 31

Answer 31

c

Question 32

Answer 32

Histopath to confirm and then excise it

Question 33

– if the diagnosis might affect surgical/Rx plan

Answer 33

incisional

Question 34

– if the diagnosis will NOT affect surgical/Rx plan

Answer 34

excision

Question 35

Degree of differentiation – Invasion – Mitotic rate – Features of anaplasia – pleomorphism, anisokaryosis/anisocytosis, nuclear hyperchromasia, high N:C ratio, prominent nucleoli These are all criteria of ______

Answer 35

malignancy

Question 36

True or false

Neoplasm staging is done by the clinician and neoplasm grading is done by the pathologist.

Answer 36

true

Question 37

Immunohistochemistry

________– expressed by sarcomas

Cytokeratin – expressed by carcinomas

Answer 37

Vimentin

Question 38

Clonality Assays and PCR for T or B lymphocyte antigen receptor rearrangement (“PARR”) are used to diagnos or strengthen a diagnosis of what neoplasm?

Answer 38

lymphoma

Question 39

Answer 39

d

Question 40

True or false

Size of primary tumor – Depth of invasion – Involvement of regional lymph nodes – Extent of distant metastasis are all used as a prognostic factor for the pathologist to stage the neoplasm.

Answer 40

false

the clinician stages