exam 2 circulatory Flashcards
When pressure applied to this accumulation of fluid and this dent pushes fluid into the adjacent area this is an example of ___
pitting edema
Name this type of edema and in what body cavity is it?
hydrothorax in the thoracic cavity
Mulberry dz is characterized by this type of fluid accumulation with fibrin cloudy strands
pericardial effusion
This dog with CHF has ascites/ hydroperitoneum which consits of exudate or transudate?
transudate
This horse with CHF has what occuring in its peritoneal cavity?
ascites
Generalized edema with profuse accumulation of fluid within the subcutaneous tissue
anasarca
submandibular edema is commonly called
bottle jaw
horse has generalized edema from
protein loosing enteropathy
This lung histology characterizes _____ because of the accumulation of pink tinged fluid
pulmonary edema
Left sided CHF along with thickened alveolar walls and the infiltration of alveolar macrophages indicates an acute or chronic pulmonary edema?
chronic
What are these in the lungs?
Hemosiderin-laden Macrophages* (“heart failure cells”)
This increase of blood vol/flow in the arterial side of the capilary bed
hyperemia
This increase in blood vol/flow on the venous side of the capillary bed?
congestion
itis indicates?
inflammation
true or flase
The twisting of vessels in a gastric volvolus intitally leads to hyperemia.
false
congestion
What is the pathogenisis of this intestinal volvulus
Twisting of vessels obstructs intestinal veins → severe venous congestion (acute, local, congestion) → ischemia (necrosis) →loss of endothelial integrity →hemorrhage →shock →death
Acute pulmonary congestion is usually associated with what other pathological process in response to L CHF
pulmonary edema
This diffuse brownish discoloration of the lungs is attributed to what 2 processes
chronic pulmonary edema/ ocngestion due to L CHF
hemosiderosis in lungs = ?
presence of heart failure cells
R CHF can cause this enlarged round edged liver (lesion)
hepatic congestion
Chronic hepatic congestion is also called?
nutmeg liver
Chronically there is low-grade Hypoxia & ↑ pressure of centrolobular hepatocytes leading to atrophy and necrosis. This is a histology of a liver with _____
chronic hepatic congestion
nutmeg liver
What is the difference between congestion/hyperemia and hemorrhage?
Hemorrhage- blood is outside the vessel wall Hyperemia & congestion blood is within the blood vessels
This is an example of a ______ that can lead to fatal cardiac tamponade
hemopericardium
This is a ______ in a pig due to a copper dificency
dissecting anuerism
Horses and male racing greyhounds are suseptible to renal and coronary ____
dissecting anuerisms
Hemorrhage Due to a substantial rent or tear in the vascular wall (or heart).
Hemorrhage by rhexis
True or false
Hemorrhage by diapedesis: Hemorrhage due to a small defect in the vessel wall or rbc‟s passing through the vessel wall in cases of inflammation or congestion (like in the lungs of animals with left-sided CHF…)
true
This cough presents with coughing up blood how do you describe this lesion
Hemoptysis:
An animal bleeding from its nose is doctorly referred to as ?
Epistaxis:
Pinpoint hemorrhages
petechia
larger foci of hemorrhage found in bruises or smaller hematomas
Ecchymosis
This type of hemorrhage results from termianl hypoxia in the heart
Agonal hemorrhage
These larger and contiguous foci of hemorrhage are known as
suffusive hemorrhage
art project gone wrong
paint brush hemorrhage
Elaborate on these stages of color change
Solid mass in the pulmonary artery of a cow that can be physiologically normal
thrombus
The arrow is pointing to a pulmonary ___
thrombus
This pathological process occurs in the cranial mesenteric arteries of horses infected with stongylus vulgaris
Verminous thrombosis
This cat was euthanized because it was paralyzed in the back end with blue/pale tinged paw pads in comparison to the front paws. What do you suspect?
saddle thrombus
This could be a complication of long bone fractures
fat embolus
These are examples of _____ from valvular endocarditis
infectious emboli
Signs of tissue hypoxia, infarction or/and hemorrhage are seen in ____
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
“Localized area of ischemic necrosis in a tissue or organ caused by occlusion of either the arterial supply or the venous drainage”
infarction
______ are often initially hemorrhagic but become pale as the area of coagulation necrosis becomes evident”
Arterial infarcts
