exam 2 circulatory

Question 1

When pressure applied to this accumulation of fluid and this dent pushes fluid into the adjacent area this is an example of ___

Answer 1

pitting edema

Question 2

Name this type of edema and in what body cavity is it?

Answer 2

hydrothorax in the thoracic cavity

Question 3

Mulberry dz is characterized by this type of fluid accumulation with fibrin cloudy strands

Answer 3

pericardial effusion

Question 4

This dog with CHF has ascites/ hydroperitoneum which consits of exudate or transudate?

Answer 4

transudate

Question 5

This horse with CHF has what occuring in its peritoneal cavity?

Answer 5

ascites

Question 6

Generalized edema with profuse accumulation of fluid within the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 6

anasarca

Question 7

submandibular edema is commonly called

Answer 7

bottle jaw

Question 8

horse has generalized edema from

Answer 8

protein loosing enteropathy

Question 9

This lung histology characterizes _____ because of the accumulation of pink tinged fluid

Answer 9

pulmonary edema

Question 10

Left sided CHF along with thickened alveolar walls and the infiltration of alveolar macrophages indicates an acute or chronic pulmonary edema?

Answer 10

chronic

Question 11

What are these in the lungs?

Answer 11

Hemosiderin-laden Macrophages* (“heart failure cells”)

Question 12

This increase of blood vol/flow in the arterial side of the capilary bed

Answer 12

hyperemia

Question 13

This increase in blood vol/flow on the venous side of the capillary bed?

Answer 13

congestion

Question 14

itis indicates?

Answer 14

inflammation

Question 15

true or flase

The twisting of vessels in a gastric volvolus intitally leads to hyperemia.

Answer 15

false

congestion

Question 16

What is the pathogenisis of this intestinal volvulus

Answer 16

Twisting of vessels obstructs intestinal veins → severe venous congestion (acute, local, congestion) → ischemia (necrosis) →loss of endothelial integrity →hemorrhage →shock →death

Question 17

Acute pulmonary congestion is usually associated with what other pathological process in response to L CHF

Answer 17

pulmonary edema

Question 18

This diffuse brownish discoloration of the lungs is attributed to what 2 processes

Answer 18

chronic pulmonary edema/ ocngestion due to L CHF

Question 19

hemosiderosis in lungs = ?

Answer 19

presence of heart failure cells

Question 20

R CHF can cause this enlarged round edged liver (lesion)

Answer 20

hepatic congestion

Question 21

Chronic hepatic congestion is also called?

Answer 21

nutmeg liver

Question 22

Chronically there is low-grade Hypoxia & ↑ pressure of centrolobular hepatocytes leading to atrophy and necrosis. This is a histology of a liver with _____

Answer 22

chronic hepatic congestion

nutmeg liver

Question 23

What is the difference between congestion/hyperemia and hemorrhage?

Answer 23

Hemorrhage- blood is outside the vessel wall  Hyperemia & congestion blood is within the blood vessels

Question 24

This is an example of a ______ that can lead to fatal cardiac tamponade

Answer 24

hemopericardium

Question 25

This is a ______ in a pig due to a copper dificency

Answer 25

dissecting anuerism

Question 26

Horses and male racing greyhounds are suseptible to renal and coronary \_\_\_\_

Answer 26

dissecting anuerisms

Question 27

Hemorrhage Due to a substantial rent or tear in the vascular wall (or heart).

Answer 27

Hemorrhage by rhexis

Question 28

True or false Hemorrhage by diapedesis: Hemorrhage due to a small defect in the vessel wall or rbc‟s passing through the vessel wall in cases of inflammation or congestion (like in the lungs of animals with left-sided CHF…)

Answer 28

true

Question 29

This cough presents with coughing up blood how do you describe this lesion

Answer 29

Hemoptysis:

Question 30

An animal bleeding from its nose is doctorly referred to as ?

Answer 30

Epistaxis:

Question 31

Pinpoint hemorrhages

Answer 31

petechia

Question 32

larger foci of hemorrhage found in bruises or smaller hematomas

Answer 32

Ecchymosis

Question 33

This type of hemorrhage results from termianl hypoxia in the heart

Answer 33

Agonal hemorrhage

Question 34

These larger and contiguous foci of hemorrhage are known as

Answer 34

suffusive hemorrhage

Question 35

art project gone wrong

Answer 35

paint brush hemorrhage

Question 36

Elaborate on these stages of color change

Answer 36

Question 37

Solid mass in the pulmonary artery of a cow that can be physiologically normal

Answer 37

thrombus

Question 38

The arrow is pointing to a pulmonary \_\_\_

Answer 38

thrombus

Question 39

This pathological process occurs in the cranial mesenteric arteries of horses infected with stongylus vulgaris

Answer 39

Verminous thrombosis

Question 40

This cat was euthanized because it was paralyzed in the back end with blue/pale tinged paw pads in comparison to the front paws. What do you suspect?

Answer 40

saddle thrombus

Question 41

This could be a complication of long bone fractures

Answer 41

fat embolus

Question 42

These are examples of _____ from valvular endocarditis

Answer 42

infectious emboli

Question 43

Signs of tissue hypoxia, infarction or/and hemorrhage are seen in \_\_\_\_

Answer 43

DIC Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Question 44

“Localized area of ischemic necrosis in a tissue or organ caused by occlusion of either the arterial supply or the venous drainage”

Answer 44

infarction

Question 45

\_\_\_\_\_\_ are often initially hemorrhagic but become pale as the area of coagulation necrosis becomes evident”

Answer 45

Arterial infarcts