Exam 3: micro minerals Flashcards
examples of micro minerals
Fe
Cu
I
Zn
Co
Mn
70% of iron is found in the form of
hemoglobin
when is iron absorbed
only when body becomes deficient
main route of iron excretion
urine
factors influencing iron absorption
acid condition
adequate dietary protein
histidine and lysine
bodys need for iron
low phytic levels
functions of iron
cellular respiration
Fe-porphyrin nucleus,heme
signs of anemia in pig
listlessness
wrinkled skin
paleness
low hemoglobin
iron deficiency is called
anemia
if RBCs are not renewed as rapidly as they’re destroyed OR an increase in cells required to enlarge the blood supply with growth doesn’t occur, _________ results
anemia
causes of anemia
pathological
hemorrhagic blood loss
hereditary
nutritional
normocytic
normal RBC size
macrocytic
larger than normal RBC size
microcytic
smaller than normal RBC size
normochromic
normal hemoglobin
hypochromic
subnormal hemoglobin
hyperchromic
above normal hemoglobin
RBC can be normal size and normal concentrations of hemoglobin can occur. Normocytic, normochromic anemia
hemorrhage
available supply of Fe is deficient relative to needs.
produces hypochromic, microcytic
iron deficiency anemia
suckling pig kept on concrete liver will suffice for how long
3 weeks
early work at Wisconsin by Hart showed
he was able to prevent with Cu the anemia that pure FE would not cure
functions of copper
hemoglobic synthesis
RBC maturation
enzyme activity
activates/inactivates certain enzymes
normal disulfide linkage in wool
normal bone formation
develop myelin sheath
enzyme that copper activates
ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
enzyme that copper inactivates
amylase
enzyme which converts the amino acid tyrosine to melanin which in turn is responsible for skin pigmentation
tyrosinase
In the absence of Cu, there is a failure of the deposition of
bone in the cartilage matrix
excretion route of Cu
feces
(mostly unabsorbed)
Copper deficiency can cause
wasting disease
enzootic ataxia (sway back disease)
falling disease in cattle
nutritional anemia (microcytic hypochromic)
gray of black hair and wool
alopecia
characterized by diarrhea, loss of appetite, anemia
wasting disease
occurs in newborn lambs
associated with low copper of dam during pregnancy
nervousness, swaying, staggering, abnormal gait
enzootic ataxia (sway back disease)
ataxia means
swaying
like enzootic ataxia
falling and sudden death
falling disease in cattle
represents the failure of melanin formation
gray of black hair and wool
sole function of cobalt
constituent of vitamin b12
(can also serve as enzyme cofactor)
cobalt deficiency symptoms
listless
loss of appetite and weight
weak
anemic
degeneration of fat of the liver
deposit of hemosiderin in spleen
what type of anemia is cobalt anemia
normocytic
normochromic
extremely hard pellets of cobalt compound
slow release of cobalt
last several months
cobalt bullet
about 60% of iodine of the body is found in the
thyroid gland
the primary function of the thyroid gland
produce thyroxine hormone which regulates metabolic rate of body
Thyroxine, a derivative of _________, contains 65% of iodine
amino acid tyrosine
how can thyroxine be synthesized in the body
diet contains tyrosine or its precursor phenylalanine
aromatic amino acids
phenylalanine
tyrosine
thyroxine
removal of thyroid early in life causes
stunted growth
removal of thyroid in adults causes
mental and physical sluggishness
premature aging
functions of iodine
constituent of thyroxine
stimulates body processes by administering thyroxine and iodine containing compounds