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Nutrition > EXAM 2 quizzes > Flashcards

EXAM 2 quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

the structure shown is

A

Fructose

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2
Q

the structure shown is

A

galactose

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3
Q

the structure shown is

A

glucose

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4
Q

the structure shown is

A

ATP

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5
Q

Identify what the red question mark indicates.

A

ribose

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6
Q

Identify what the red question mark indicates.

A

adenine

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7
Q

Identify what the red question mark indicates.

A

triphosphate

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8
Q

the structure shown is

A

acetyl CoA

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9
Q

the structure shown is

A

Galactose

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10
Q

the structure shown is

A

pyruvate

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11
Q

the structure shown is

A

Glucose

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12
Q

the structure shown is

A

propionyl CoA

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13
Q

the gross ATP production during glycolysis phase of glucose metabolism is

A

4

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14
Q

when a living cell is dropped into a solution that is hypertonic what happens

A

the cell decreases in size by losing fluid

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15
Q

Water that is lost through the skin (other than sweating) via diffusion is known as

A

insensible water

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16
Q

in mammals, urea is the excretory product of

A

protein metabolism

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17
Q

the water (or fluid) in the body of an animal is located in two distinct compartments. These compartments are

A

extracellular and intracellular

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18
Q

which of the following generates the largest amount of water post oxidation

A

fat

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19
Q

which of the following generates the smallest amount of water post oxidation

A

protiens

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20
Q

Insensible water is the moisture that is lost through

A

diffusion through the skin or panting

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21
Q

urine from tropical animals is ________ in urea compared to their counterparts found in the temperate region of the world

A

higher

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22
Q

put desert, tropical, and temperate animals in order of most urea present

A

desert
tropical
temperate

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23
Q

water that is found within the body comes from all of the following expect
-drinking water
-water in feed
-sweat water
-metabolic water

A

sweat water

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24
Q

metabolic or oxidation is another water source for livestock. Which of the following is true about metabolic water?

-the potential number of oxidation depends on the number of carbon atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process
-the potential number of oxidation depends on the number of nitrogen atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process
-the potential number of oxidation depends on the number of hydrogen atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process
-none of the above

A

The potential number of oxidation depends on the number of hydrogen atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process

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25
Q

Triglycerides are esters of fatty acids with

A

glycerol

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26
Q

in general, unsaturated fatty acids are found in lipids of

A

plant origin

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27
Q

the unsaturated fatty acid has the tendency to become saturated.In the presence of excess levels of hydrogen and oxygen, the preference will be for the unsaturated fatty acid to add __________

A

oxygen

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28
Q

most of the lipids (triglycerides) in the diets of ruminants are hydrolyzed in

A

the rumen

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29
Q

Arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid, could be synthesized from

A

linoleic acid

30
Q

Which of the following has the highest iodine number

A

C18:3:6

31
Q

Which of the following is expected to have the highest melting point

A

C18:0

32
Q

The amino acids that are liberated from protein hydrolysates are primarily alpha amino acids. This means

A

carboxyl and amino groups are attached to the same carbon

33
Q

why are some amino acids regarded as being conditionally essential

A

because it depends on if the animal is growing or not, if they are growing they require 10 but a nongrowing animal only requires 8

34
Q

one of the following is a liable source of high-energy phosphate in the muscle

A

phosphocreatine

35
Q

about ____to _____ %of energy is captured in the useful form of ATP during metabolism

A

40 to 60%

36
Q

what part of the cell does glycolysis take place

A

cytoplasm

37
Q

what part of the cell does TCA take place

A

mitochondria

38
Q

The enzyme kinase suffix is involved in which type of reaction

A

release or consumption of phosphorus

39
Q

this mineral is required as cofactors for some of the enzymes in the glycolytic pathway

A

Mg2+ (magnesium)

40
Q

The most ATP during complete glucose metabolism occurs during

A

electron transport chain

41
Q

the two intermediate compounds in glycolysis with 3 carbons in their structure are

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

42
Q

intermediates of glycolysis

A

glucose
glucose 6
fructose 6 phosphate
fructose 1,6 biphosphate
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
1,3 biphosphoglycerate
3 phosphoglycerate
2 phosphoglycerate
phosphoenol pyruvate
pyruvate

“goodness gracious, father franklin didn’t go buy perfect pumpkins to prepare pies”

43
Q

intermediates of TCA

A

Citrate
isocitrate
alpha-ketoglutarate
succinyl CoA
succinate
fumarate
malate
oxaloacetate

“citrate is krebs special substrate for making oxaloacetate”

44
Q

which of the 3 important VFA’s is least important

A

butryrate

45
Q

Extracellular fluid is divided into

A

blood plasma
interstitial fluid

46
Q

what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution

A

it swells

47
Q

what are the essential fatty acids

A

linoleic
linolenic
arachidonic

48
Q

what does iodine number tell us

A

higher the iodine number, the more double bonds present

49
Q

primary fatty acids of fat in an animal body

A

palmitic
stearic
oleic

50
Q

where does glycerol enter circulation

A

portal vein

51
Q

Propionate enters the TCA cycle via

A

succinyl CoA

51
Q

an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway
- malate
-isocitrate
- fumarate
- dihydroxyacetone

A

dihydroxyacetone

52
Q

one of the following is a TCA cycle enzyme
-aldolase
-malate dehydrogenase
- triose phosphate isomerase

A

malate dehydrogenase

53
Q

one of the following is an enzyme involved in glycolysis
- phosphoglycerate kinase
- alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- fumarase
- malate dehydrogenase

A
  • phosphoglycerate kinase
54
Q

Fecal energy and digestable energy makes up

A

gross energy

55
Q

metabolizable energy, urinary energy losses, and gaseous energy loss make up

A

digestable energy

56
Q

Net energy (NeP + NeM) and Heat increment make up

A

metabolizable energy

57
Q

Net energy production and Net energy maintenance make up

A

net energy

58
Q

Amino acids could be categorized as glucogenic, ketogenic, or both. As discussed in class, two of the 20 common amino acids are strictly ketogenic, which are

A

lysine
leucine

59
Q

Transamination is the process whereby an amino group (NH2) from an amino group is transferred to a keto acid. select from the options, the group of amino acids that may result from this process.

A

Aspargine, serine, and glycine

must all be non-essential amino acids

60
Q

by subjecting a protein to a slightly high temp (than typical) for about 10 minutes and leaving them at room temperature for an extended period of time, which of the following best describes the process that the protein would go through

A

denatured

61
Q

urea cycle is the process where NH3 is converted to urea before it is finally excreted into the environment. In what organ does this process (urea cycle) take place

A

liver

62
Q

in adult humans, this amino acid is conditionally essential

A

arginine

63
Q

we discussed the concept of limiting amino acids in class. Based on our discussion, which of the following amino acids is not likely to be deficient in a typical diet for swine and poultry?
-valine
-lysine
-alanine
-methionine

A

alanine

64
Q

The most important class of nutrient that supplies energy is lipids
true or false

A

false

65
Q

the largest portion of dietary lipids in human food is glycerol
true or false

A

false

66
Q

fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long anabolic chain
true or false

A

false

67
Q

the methyl end of fatty acids is considered the head of the chain
true or false

A

false

68
Q

Double bonds can add H2 more readily than it would O2
true or false

A

false

69
Q

most of the energy (ATP) that are obtained from complete glucose metabolism are derived in the electron transport chain
true or false

A

true

70
Q

what amino acids are classified as glucogenic and ketogenic

A

threonine
tyrosine
phenylalanine
isoleucine

Nutrition (14 decks)

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