EXAM 2 quizzes Flashcards
the structure shown is
Fructose
the structure shown is
galactose
the structure shown is
glucose
the structure shown is
ATP
Identify what the red question mark indicates.
ribose
Identify what the red question mark indicates.
adenine
Identify what the red question mark indicates.
triphosphate
the structure shown is
acetyl CoA
the structure shown is
Galactose
the structure shown is
pyruvate
the structure shown is
Glucose
the structure shown is
propionyl CoA
the gross ATP production during glycolysis phase of glucose metabolism is
4
when a living cell is dropped into a solution that is hypertonic what happens
the cell decreases in size by losing fluid
Water that is lost through the skin (other than sweating) via diffusion is known as
insensible water
in mammals, urea is the excretory product of
protein metabolism
the water (or fluid) in the body of an animal is located in two distinct compartments. These compartments are
extracellular and intracellular
which of the following generates the largest amount of water post oxidation
fat
which of the following generates the smallest amount of water post oxidation
protiens
Insensible water is the moisture that is lost through
diffusion through the skin or panting
urine from tropical animals is ________ in urea compared to their counterparts found in the temperate region of the world
higher
put desert, tropical, and temperate animals in order of most urea present
desert
tropical
temperate
water that is found within the body comes from all of the following expect
-drinking water
-water in feed
-sweat water
-metabolic water
sweat water
metabolic or oxidation is another water source for livestock. Which of the following is true about metabolic water?
-the potential number of oxidation depends on the number of carbon atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process
-the potential number of oxidation depends on the number of nitrogen atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process
-the potential number of oxidation depends on the number of hydrogen atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process
-none of the above
The potential number of oxidation depends on the number of hydrogen atoms and the completeness of the oxidation process
Triglycerides are esters of fatty acids with
glycerol
in general, unsaturated fatty acids are found in lipids of
plant origin
the unsaturated fatty acid has the tendency to become saturated.In the presence of excess levels of hydrogen and oxygen, the preference will be for the unsaturated fatty acid to add __________
oxygen
most of the lipids (triglycerides) in the diets of ruminants are hydrolyzed in
the rumen
Arachidonic acid, an essential fatty acid, could be synthesized from
linoleic acid
Which of the following has the highest iodine number
C18:3:6
Which of the following is expected to have the highest melting point
C18:0
The amino acids that are liberated from protein hydrolysates are primarily alpha amino acids. This means
carboxyl and amino groups are attached to the same carbon
why are some amino acids regarded as being conditionally essential
because it depends on if the animal is growing or not, if they are growing they require 10 but a nongrowing animal only requires 8
one of the following is a liable source of high-energy phosphate in the muscle
phosphocreatine
about ____to _____ %of energy is captured in the useful form of ATP during metabolism
40 to 60%
what part of the cell does glycolysis take place
cytoplasm
what part of the cell does TCA take place
mitochondria
The enzyme kinase suffix is involved in which type of reaction
release or consumption of phosphorus
this mineral is required as cofactors for some of the enzymes in the glycolytic pathway
Mg2+ (magnesium)
The most ATP during complete glucose metabolism occurs during
electron transport chain
the two intermediate compounds in glycolysis with 3 carbons in their structure are
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
intermediates of glycolysis
glucose
glucose 6
fructose 6 phosphate
fructose 1,6 biphosphate
dihydroxyacetone phosphate
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
1,3 biphosphoglycerate
3 phosphoglycerate
2 phosphoglycerate
phosphoenol pyruvate
pyruvate
“goodness gracious, father franklin didn’t go buy perfect pumpkins to prepare pies”
intermediates of TCA
Citrate
isocitrate
alpha-ketoglutarate
succinyl CoA
succinate
fumarate
malate
oxaloacetate
“citrate is krebs special substrate for making oxaloacetate”
which of the 3 important VFA’s is least important
butryrate
Extracellular fluid is divided into
blood plasma
interstitial fluid
what happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution
it swells
what are the essential fatty acids
linoleic
linolenic
arachidonic
what does iodine number tell us
higher the iodine number, the more double bonds present
primary fatty acids of fat in an animal body
palmitic
stearic
oleic
where does glycerol enter circulation
portal vein
Propionate enters the TCA cycle via
succinyl CoA
an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway
- malate
-isocitrate
- fumarate
- dihydroxyacetone
dihydroxyacetone
one of the following is a TCA cycle enzyme
-aldolase
-malate dehydrogenase
- triose phosphate isomerase
malate dehydrogenase
one of the following is an enzyme involved in glycolysis
- phosphoglycerate kinase
- alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- fumarase
- malate dehydrogenase
- phosphoglycerate kinase
Fecal energy and digestable energy makes up
gross energy
metabolizable energy, urinary energy losses, and gaseous energy loss make up
digestable energy
Net energy (NeP + NeM) and Heat increment make up
metabolizable energy
Net energy production and Net energy maintenance make up
net energy
Amino acids could be categorized as glucogenic, ketogenic, or both. As discussed in class, two of the 20 common amino acids are strictly ketogenic, which are
lysine
leucine
Transamination is the process whereby an amino group (NH2) from an amino group is transferred to a keto acid. select from the options, the group of amino acids that may result from this process.
Aspargine, serine, and glycine
must all be non-essential amino acids
by subjecting a protein to a slightly high temp (than typical) for about 10 minutes and leaving them at room temperature for an extended period of time, which of the following best describes the process that the protein would go through
denatured
urea cycle is the process where NH3 is converted to urea before it is finally excreted into the environment. In what organ does this process (urea cycle) take place
liver
in adult humans, this amino acid is conditionally essential
arginine
we discussed the concept of limiting amino acids in class. Based on our discussion, which of the following amino acids is not likely to be deficient in a typical diet for swine and poultry?
-valine
-lysine
-alanine
-methionine
alanine
The most important class of nutrient that supplies energy is lipids
true or false
false
the largest portion of dietary lipids in human food is glycerol
true or false
false
fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long anabolic chain
true or false
false
the methyl end of fatty acids is considered the head of the chain
true or false
false
Double bonds can add H2 more readily than it would O2
true or false
false
most of the energy (ATP) that are obtained from complete glucose metabolism are derived in the electron transport chain
true or false
true
what amino acids are classified as glucogenic and ketogenic
threonine
tyrosine
phenylalanine
isoleucine
