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Biology II > Exam 3 Material (Part 1) > Flashcards

Exam 3 Material (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when you have two nuclei with one set of chromosomes each?

A

Dikayotic

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2
Q

What is the fusion of cytoplasm?

A

Plasomogamy

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3
Q

What is being described?:
- the sac in ascomycetes in which the sexual spores are formed, there are 8 of them, and they are produced WITHIN

A

Asci

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4
Q

What is the fusion of nuclei called?

A

Karyogamy

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5
Q

What is being described?:
- Reproductive structures that produce sexual spores in basidiomycetes, there are 4 of them, and they are produced OUTSIDE

A

Basidia

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6
Q

What creates conidia?

A

Ascomycetes

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7
Q

What is the combination of a fungus and an alga?

A

Lichen

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8
Q

Most fungi use what kind of spores (related to movement)?

A

Non-motile spores

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9
Q

How can fungi reproduce?

A

sexually AND asexually

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10
Q

Are fungi parasitic or mutualistic?

A

Both

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11
Q

How can yeast reproduce?

A

Asexually through budding

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12
Q

What are conidia?

A

Asexual spores

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13
Q

Which body type is being described?:
- Multicellular mycelium hyphae

A

Mold body type

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14
Q

Which body type is being described?:
- Unicellular

A

Yeast body type

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15
Q

What do microsporidia has that is used to infect its host (sends its nucleus/materials into the host)?

A

polar tube

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16
Q

What is being described?:
- Both unicellular AND multicellular individuals
-earliest branches of the fungal group
-genetically put together with fungi (DNA/RNA evidence separates them from protist groups)
-ONLY fungi that have flagella at some time
-are probably NOT monophyletic (made up of 4 clades)
-most live in freshwater
-are either completely single-celled OR alternate generations
-MOST are decomposers
-some are parasitic.

A

Chtridiomycetes

17
Q

What is being described?:
- This group includes the subgroup microsporidia (small, unicellular parasitic fungi)
-reproduce through binary fission/mitosis–reproduce sexually through fusion of these cells
-traditionally thought of as the molds
-not necessarily a monophyletic group
-MOSTLY consist of decomposers
-tend to be coenocytic
-WILL have sepa (separates their sexual structures from main mycelium)
-their sex structures are called GAMETANGIA (acts like gametes)

A

Zygomycetes

18
Q

What is being described?:
- Exclusively made up of fungi that are SYMBIONTS (form microrizy relationships w/ plants)
-the fungus sends its hyphae through the cell walls of the plant root cells, but it doesn’t penetrate the plasma membrane inside of the cell wall
-is usually a mutualistic relationship (ex: a branch has more surface area than a root hair of a plant) (more efficient exchange of nutrients)

A

Glomeromycetes

19
Q

What is being described?:
- One of the two most recent groups to have evolved from fungi
-very large group (probably the largest w/ 32,000 known species)
-some species have microrizy relationships but aren’t glormeromy (these species DO NOT have arbuscules
-their relationship is only on the SURFACE outside the cell wall)
-about 40% of these form relationships w/ lichens (a dual organism between a fungus and algae)
-both hetero/homophilic species merge w/ different strains.

A

Ascomycetes

20
Q

What is being described?:
- Can merge w/ their own strain/could possibly self-fertilize

A

Homophalic

21
Q

What is being described?:
- Are the sister taxa to the ascomycetes
-has over 30,000 species
-group that includes the MUSHROOMS
-are called club fungal b/c their reproductive structures are NOT the ascus but BASIDIA
-basidia produce basidiospores (through meiosis) and in this case, we only get 4 (b/c mitosis does NOT follow up after meiotic divisions)
-basidiospores form on the OUTSIDE of the basidium (unlike ascomycetes)

A

Basidiomycetes

22
Q

What is being described?:
- One generation produces sexually then the next generation reproduces asexually.

A

Alternating generations

23
Q

What is being described?:

  • Are dual organisms (where we have a fungus and an alga living together)
    -the fungal bodies are either ascomycetes OR basidiomycetes
    -symbiotic relationship (between fungus and alga)/not necessarily mutualistic
    -1/5 of fungal species are in _____ relationships
    -can grow on many types of surfaces (can grow on pretty much anything), except a polluted city
    -they either reproduce as just a fungus by itself OR a fungus WITH an algae
  • has 3 body plans (foliose/looks like leaves
    -crustose/”crunchy looking”
    -fructicose/”antler/horn-like”)
    -MOST are ascomycetes, but some tropical species are basidiospores
A

Lichens

24
Q

What is being described?:
- When a fungus and alga travel together

A

Soredia

Biology II (31 decks)

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