Exam 3 Lectures

Question 1

Two or more people who interact and who are interdependent; EX: school clubs, sports teams

Answer 1

Social Groups

Question 2

Two or more people in same place at same time but who do not interact; EX: fans in a sports arena

Answer 2

Nonsocial Groups/Collectives

Question 3

A process where people lose their sense of socialized individual identity in a crowd which leads to a loosening of normal standards/values they hold; EX- pushing in a crowd bc people feel less accountable

Answer 3

Deindividuation

Question 4

Zajonc’s theory states that the presence of others increases __________, which can improve performance on simple or well-learned tasks, but impair performance on complex or not well-learned tasks.

Answer 4

Arousal

Question 5

Presence of others enhances performance on simple tasks and impairs performance on difficult tasks

Answer 5

Social Facilitation

Question 6

A theory that explains how the presence of others can distract people, which can lead to attentional conflict and drive effects

Answer 6

Distraction-conflict

Question 7

In the 1880s max ringlemann found that individual effort _______ on easy collective tasks

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

A psychological phenomenon where people in a group put in less effort than they would if they were working alone; EX- tug-o-war depending on others to pull more than you

Answer 8

Social Loafing

Question 9

Enhances sense of individual identity produced by focusing attention on the self; produces behaviors that align with the individual

Answer 9

Individuation

Question 10

True/False: There is rapid transmission of behavior through a crowd and it can be infectious

Answer 10

True, like a social disease

Question 11

The conviction that other people are paying more attention to you than is actually the case

Answer 11

Spotlight-effect

Question 12

Tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than those made by individuals due to persuasive arguments and social comparison

Answer 12

Group Polarization

Question 13

Tendency for groups to make riskier decisions than individuals would but only if original positions were risky or risk valued in that culture; Ex- wouldn’t cliff jump alone but with your friends

Answer 13

Risky Shift

Question 14

Faulty thinking on the part of highly cohesive groups, social pressures to reach consensus

Answer 14

Groupthink

Question 15

True/False: People who are happily married have immune systems that ward off infection effectively

Answer 15

True

Question 16

True/False: the more college roommates like each other the fewer cold and flu outbreaks they suffer

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True/False: chances of surviving for more than a year after a heart attack are 2X as high among elderly men and women who can count on 2 or more people for emotional support than among those who do not have support

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True/False: Many people report that their relationships have a bigger impact on their overall satisfaction with life than do their job, income, and physical health

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What are beauty features considerable across cultures?

Answer 19

Large eyes, small nose, cheekbones, and a big smile

Question 19

That idea that physical proximity plays a role in attraction

Answer 19

Propinquity

Question 20

We like people who like us and can be a reason for falling in love, can come about because of a self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

Reciprocal liking

Question 21

The more familiarity we have to a stimulus the more we’re apt to like it

Answer 21

Mere Exposure Effect

Question 22

Behavior that benefits another person such as helping, giving, sharing , and cooperating

Answer 22

prosocial behaviors

Question 23

Prosocial behaviors combined with motive to increase another’s welfare solely, without conscious regard for one’s self interest

Answer 23

Altruism

Question 24

True/False: All altruistic behavior is prosocial but not all prosocial behavior is altruistic

Answer 24

True

Question 24

a theory that people help others to reduce their own negative emotions, people have an innate drive to reduce negative moods, and helping others is one way to do so. This is because helping is associated with positive feelings like smiles and thank you

Answer 24

Negative state relief hypothesis

Question 25

Greater the # of bystanders less likely any one will help; Ex: CPR training “YOU call 911” rather than “somebody call 911”

Answer 25

Bystander Effect

Question 26

Suggests that humans have an intrinsic drive to form stable, meaningful relationships to satisfy social and emotional needs

Answer 26

Need to Belong Theory

Question 27

How does similarity breed attraction according to social psychology?

Answer 27

more pleasant interactions, validation, and mutual liking

Question 28

This schema suggests that people tend to attribute positive personality traits and social advantages to physically attractive individuals. Essentially, there is a stereotype that links physical beauty with positive characteristics, often regardless of any evidence to support such connections

Answer 28

what is beautiful is good schema

Question 29

True or False: On the whole, research does NOT support the idea that opposites attract

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Why does propinquity work?

Answer 30

greater availability/accessibility, similarity, and mere exposure effect

Question 31

Refers to the transmission of emotions, thoughts, and behaviors among individuals in a group. When people gather in a crowd, they are more likely to adopt the prevailing mood or behavior of the group, often without rational deliberation

Answer 31

Contagion

Question 32

What happens if the caregiver ALWAYS responds to child’s needs

Answer 32

Secure Attachment

Question 33

What happens if the caregiver NEVER responds to the child’s needs?

Answer 33

Avoidant Attachment

Question 34

What happens if the caregiver SOMETIMES responds and sometimes does not respond to child’s needs?

Answer 34

Ambivalent Attachment

Question 35

Trust and comfortable with depending on others; a lack of concern with being abandoned; belief that one is worthy of love and competent

Answer 35

Secure

Question 36

Suppression of attachment needs; focus on competence; detachment; discomfort with depending on others and with intimacy

Answer 36

Avoidant

Question 37

Anxiety and concern over abandonment; uncertainty about of one’s worthiness of love and competence; expecting and fearing rejection but still hoping for acceptance

Answer 37

Ambivalent

Question 38

True of False: in the social exchange theory rewards are always important (first 3 months) but costs become increasingly important (7th month)

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Relationship enhancing attributions maximize ____ and minimize ____

Answer 39

Good; Bad

Question 40

Distress maintaining attributions minimize ____ and maximize ____

Answer 40

Good; Bad

Question 41

Including _____ __ ___ ____ involves including the
other’s characteristics in the self, acts as if some or all aspects of ones partner are partially ones own (resources, perspectives, and characteristics)

Answer 41

Other in the self

Question 42

True or False: More rewards and less costs equate to a better relationship

Answer 42

True