Exam 1 Flashcards
States a prediction about the relationship between 2 variables
Hypotheses
Refers to the strength of the relationship between 2 variables that vary in quantity or amount
Correlational Research
As demonstrated in the Milgrim Experiment where the situation was extraordinarily effective in leading participants to do something that would normally fill them with horror, helps to understand why we act as we do in certain scenarios
Power of the situation
Internal factors such as beliefs, values, personality traits, and abilities that guide behavior
Dispositions
The failure to recognize the importance of situational influences on behavior, together with the tendency to overemphasize dispositions
Fundamental attribution error
Help explain why certain circumstances that seem unimportant can have great consequences for behavior, either facilitating it or blocking it. Circumstances can guide behavior in a particular direction by making it easier to follow one path rather than another.
Channel Factors
The basic idea that people perceive objects not by means of some passive and unbiased perception of objective reality but by active, usually nonconscious interpretation of what the object represents.
Gestalt Psychology
Refers to how we interpret situations and behavior and how we make inferences about the contexts and the people we encounter.
Construal
Elaborate stores of systematized knowledge to understand even the simplest and most “obvious” situations
Schema
Give rise to implicit attitudes and beliefs that can’t be readily controlled by the conscious mind; nonconscious, unintentional, involuntary, effortless
Automatic processes
explicit attitudes and beliefs that we’re aware of—though these may become implicit or nonconscious over time; conscious, intentional, voluntary, effortful
Controlled Processing
In this process, a species comes to possess its signature traits, or adaptations, that enable effective responses to the physical and social environment
Natural Selection
Evolutionary claims can also lead people to assume, mistakenly, that biology is destiny—that what we are biologically predisposed to do is what we inevitably will do and perhaps even should do.
Naturalistic fallacy
Examines the biological grounding for behavior through the brain
social neuroscience
think of themselves as distinct social entities, tied to each other by bonds of affection and organizational memberships to be sure, but essentially separate from other people and having attributes that exist in the absence of any connection to others; common among westerners
Individualistic
People in such cultures don’t have as much freedom or personal control over their lives, and they don’t necessarily want or need it, for example success is important to many East Asians in good part because it brings credit to the family and other groups to which they belong, not because it merely reflects personal merit.
Collectivistic
Some societies are relatively “______” in that there tend to be strict rules governing behavior, and conformity to those rules is demanded; EX: China and Germany
tight
Other societies are relatively “______,” in that rules are fewer and less strictly enforced; Ex: US or Australia
Loose
What are societies that are WEIRD?
western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic
