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Social Psychology > Chapter 9: Relationships and Attraction > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Relationships and Attraction Flashcards

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1
Q

A relationship in which the individuals feel a special responsibility for one another and give and receive according to the principle of need, such relationships are often long term

A

Communal Relationship

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2
Q

A relationship in which individuals feel little responsibility toward one another; giving and receiving are governed by concerns about equity and reciprocity, such relationships are usually short term

A

Exchange Relationship

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3
Q

What are some examples of communal relationships?

A

Family and close friends

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4
Q

What are some examples of exchange relationships?

A

Salespeople and supervisors

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5
Q

People like and gravitate toward those who provide them with _________ that can be tangible or simply feeling good

A

rewards

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6
Q

A theory based on the idea that how people feel about a relationship depends on their assessments of its costs and rewards

A

Social Exchange Theory

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7
Q

Expectations people have about what they should get out of a relationship

A

comparison level

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8
Q

People who have a _______ comparison level expect a lot from their relationships, whereas people with a ____ comparison level expect less

A

High; Low

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9
Q

Expectations people have about what they can get out of available alternative relationships

A

Comparison Level for Alternatives

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10
Q

If you have plenty of attractive suitors knocking at your door, you’re likely to have a pretty high ______ _____ __ ______

A

Comparison level of alternatives

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11
Q

The idea that people are motivated to pursue fairness or equity in their relationship, considered equitable when the ratio of rewards to costs is similar for both partners

A

Equity Theory

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12
Q

The combination of too many rewards and too few costs in a relationship can be unattractive: It simply feels unfair

A

Equity Theory

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13
Q

The idea that early attachments with parents and other caregivers can shape relationships for a person’s whole life

A

Attachment Theory

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14
Q

What are the 3 attachment types?

A

Secure, avoidant, and ambivalent

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15
Q

A facet of attachment that captures the degree to which a person is worried about rejection and abandonment by relationship partners

A

Anxiety Dimension of Attachment

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16
Q

A facet of Attachment that captures the degree to which a person is comfortable with intimacy and dependence on relationship partners

A

Avoidance Dimension of Attachment

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17
Q

_______ attached people report the greatest relationship satisfaction

A

Secure

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18
Q

True or False: people have multiple working models of attachment, and any of these can be activated in the many relationships in their adult life

A

True

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19
Q

What are the determinants of attraction?

A

Similarity, Proximity, Physical Attractiveness

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20
Q

The influence of physical layout that encourages or inhibits certain activities including contact between people; Ex: apartment complex study

A

Functional Distance

21
Q

The idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus such as an object or person, leads to greater liking of the stimulus

A

Mere exposure effect

22
Q

The tendency for people to seek out others with characteristics that are different from their own; Ex: someone dependent is attracted to someone nurturing

A

Complementarity

23
Q

Romantic attraction increases when two individuals offer each other elevated status where they themselves are lacking; Ex: Perhaps we become attracted to individuals who enjoy elevated status in a domain where we ourselves are lacking, such as family wealth

A

Status Exchange Theory

24
Q

The common belief (accurate or not) that attractive individuals possess a host of positive qualities beyond their physical appearance

A

Halo Effect

25
Q

The capacity to pass ones genes on to subsequent generations

A

Reproductive Fitness

26
Q

True or False: Attractiveness is more important in determining women’s life outcomes than men’s

A

True

27
Q

Across different ethnicities, physical attractiveness is influenced by what?

A

facial symmetry, clear skin, and signs of youth (in women)

28
Q

True or False: Faces that are closest to average are judged to be more attractive

A

True

29
Q

Which gender is more invested in offspring?

A

Women

30
Q

What do men tend to look for when seeking a partner?

A

Younger women (“fertility”) with younger aligning features

31
Q

What do women tend to look for when seeking a partner?

A

Men with resources and the characteristics to acquire them

32
Q

What is the major critique of evolutionary theorizing on sex differences?

A

The greater the gender equality in a society, the less importance women placed on a potential mate’s earning capacity

33
Q

What are the three varieties of love?

A

Companionate Love, Compassionate Love, and Romantic Love

34
Q

The love we typically experience with friends and family members—people we generally trust, share activities and interests with, and like to be around.

A

Companionate Love

35
Q

Akin to a communal relationship characterized by bonds that focus on monitoring and responding to another person’s needs, such as parents looking out for their child’s well-being or spouses putting their partners’ needs above their own

A

Compassionate Love

36
Q

The love associated with intense emotion and sexual desire

A

Romantic Love

37
Q

Maintains that there are three determinants that make partners more committed to each other: relationship satisfaction, few alternative partners, and investments in the relationship

A

Investment Model of Commitment

38
Q

Determinant of the investment model that is based on the partners’ evaluation of the rewards and costs associated with their relationship, one of the strongest indicators of romantic satisfaction in long-term relationships is how much partners feel they get out of the relationship

A

Satisfaction

39
Q

Investment determinant that states the fewer options a romantic partner has outside the relationship, the more committed that partner tends to feel, and the more likely that partner is to remain in the relationship

A

Alternative Partners

40
Q

People are more likely to remain in a relationship if they have ________ heavily in it in terms of, for example, time, effort, caring, and love expended, as well as the shared memories, mutual friends, and shared possessions that are part of having a life together

A

Investments

41
Q

The degree to which people perceive their partners as being understanding, validating, and responsive to their needs

A

Perceived Partner Responsiveness

42
Q

What are the top 3 contributors to relationship dissatisfaction?

A

Nueroticism, Socioeconomic status, and age

43
Q

True or False: Individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to divorce due to financial difficulties and burdens

A

True

44
Q

True or False: People who marry younger are more likely to divorce

A

True

45
Q

True or False: Neurotic people, who tend to be anxious, tense, emotionally volatile, and melancholy, have less happy romantic relationships and are more likely to divorce

A

True

46
Q

What are the four negative behaviors that are most harmful to relationships?

A

Criticism, stonewalling, defensiveness, and contempt

47
Q

True or False: dissatisfied, distressed couples make attributions that cast their partner and their relationship in a negative light

A

True

48
Q

What are some ways for partners to create stronger romantic bonds?

A

capitalize on the good, remain playful, and finding the good in partners

Social Psychology (10 decks)

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