Exam 3 CHP 10

Question 1

Who makes strategic decisions?

Answer 1

Top management teams, CEO, Board of directors

Question 2

Who makes tactical decisions?

Answer 2

Managers

Question 3

Who makes operational decisions?

Answer 3

Employees

Question 4

The process of choosing a particular action that deals with a problem or opportunity.

Answer 4

Decision making

Question 5

A simple, routine matter for which a manager has an established decision rule.

Answer 5

Programmed decision

Question 6

A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution.

Answer 6

Non-programmed decision

Question 7

A logical, step-by-step approach to decision making, with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences.

Answer 7

Rationality

Question 8

Describes the steps that decision-makers should consider if their goal is to maximize the quality of their outcomes. (Model)

Answer 8

Rational decision-making model

Question 9

A theory that suggests that there are limits upon how rational a decision-maker can actually be.

Answer 9

Bounded Rationality

Question 10

States that individuals knowingly limit their options to a manageable set and choose the first acceptable alternative.

Answer 10

Bounded rationality model

Question 11

To select the first alternative that is “good enough” because of costs and time.

Answer 11

Satisfice

Question 12

Short cuts in decision making to save mental activity

Answer 12

Heuristics

Question 13

An individual’s preference for gathering information and evaluating alternatives.

Answer 13

Cognitive Style

Question 14

What are the 4 steps to Z problem-solving model?

Answer 14

1. Sensing
2. Intuition
3. Thinking
4. Feeling

Question 15

A theory that contends that decisions in organizations are random and unsystematic.

Answer 15

Garbage Can Model

Question 16

The tendency to choose options that entail fewer risks and less uncertainty.

Answer 16

Risk Aversion

Question 17

The tendency to continue to commit to resources to a falling course of action.

Answer 17

Escalation of commitment

Question 18

Making use of either or both sides of the brain

Answer 18

Brain-lateralized

Question 19

A fast, positive force in decision-making utilized at a level below consciousness involves learned patterns of information.

Answer 19

Intuition

Question 20

A process influenced by individual and organizational factors that result in the production of novel and useful ideas, products, or both.

Answer 20

Creativity

Question 21

Deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures.

Answer 21

Groupthink

Question 22

A structured approach to group decision-making that focuses on generating alternatives and choosing one.

Answer 22

Nominal Group Technique (NGT)

Question 23

The debate between two opposing sets of recommendations.

Answer 23

Dialectical Inquiry

Question 24

A small group of employees works voluntarily on company time to address work-related problems.

Answer 24

Quality circle

Question 25

Part of an organizations structure. Empowered to act on its decisions.

Answer 25

Quality team

Question 26

Make decisions that were once reserved for managers. Lead to higher productivity.

Answer 26

Self-managed teams

Question 27

Support organizational culture and team-oriented work design.

Answer 27

Organizational prerequisites

Question 28

Capability to become psychologically involved in participating activities. Motivation to act autonomously.

Answer 28

Individual prerequisites