exam 3 chapter 24

Question 1

diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder

Answer 1

social communication/interaction deficits and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors or interests

Question 2

original idea of etiology

Answer 2

used to think ASD was caused by “refrigerator mothers” (highly educated parents who lacked warmth in their parenting)

Question 3

broader autism phenotype (BAP)

Answer 3

comprised of social difficulties, difficulties with socio-communicative interactions, restricted and repetitive interests and behaviors, and personality traits (i.e. rigidity)

Question 4

syndromic vs idiopathic ASD

Answer 4

syndromic: associated with other known genetic causes
idiopathic: may be caused by other genetic duplications or deletions

Question 5

applied behavior analysis (ABA)

Answer 5

the most widely used and empirically supported treatment for ASD; intensive ABA usually recommended for children under age 4; a highly structured, data-based approach (individual, costly); common targets include teaching new skills and reducing undesirable or dangerous behaviors

Question 6

discrete trial training (DTT)

Answer 6

often used with young children; relies on structured prompting and reinforcing of specific, targeted skills and behaviors

Question 7

mindfulness

Answer 7

being attentive to the present moment in an accepting and nonjudgmental way

Question 8

educational interventions

Answer 8

aim to improve learning and decrease behaviors that interfere with learning and functioning within the typical school (general education) setting

Question 9

functional assessment

Answer 9

formulated hypotheses to explain behavior, systematic alteration of target variables (i.e. data gathering, direct observation)

Question 10

antecedent-based approaches

Answer 10

implemented prior to the occurrence of a target problem behavior; sometimes referred to as stimulus-control or environmental modification; often both efficient and sufficient in addressing the behavior

Question 11

embedded instruction

Answer 11

strategies to address the child’s identified skill deficiencies are integreated into the general education routine

Question 12

parent training interventions

Answer 12

seek to change the parent’s behavior or increase use of specific skills to effect change in the child’s behavior