exam 2 chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

mood/affective disorders

A

mood shifts that compromise functioning to a significant degree; often episodic (cycle in and out of a person’s experiencing)

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2
Q

major depressive episode

A

onset typically gradual; depressed mood, loss of interest and pleasure in activities (anhedonia), weight changes, sleep changes, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt, cognitive impairment, thoughts of death/suicidal ideation; symptoms not due to substance usage, medical condition, bereavement due to recent loss of a loved one; NO mania or hypomania; 7.1% (adults) or 11% (adolescents) 12-month prevalence; 16.6% (adults) or 7.5% (adolescents) lifetime prevalence

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3
Q

manic episode

A

has a relatively quick onset; elevated, expansive, irritable mood, accompanied by abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy; inflated self-esteem, sleeplessness, talkativeness, flight of ideas, distractibility, hyperactivity, reckless behavior; possible hypomanic episode or symptoms of major depression (“mixed features”)

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4
Q

hypomanic episode

A

a briefer, less severe manic episode

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5
Q

groups most at risk for major depression

A

Hispanic adolescents (especially girls); African-American and Hispanic adults; never-married, formally married adults; women; adolescent females

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6
Q

bipolar disorder (2)

A

1) depressive episodes and manic/hypomanic episodes
2) manic/hypomanic episodes without depressive episodes

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7
Q

bipolar 1 vs bipolar 2 disorder

A

bipolar 1: at least one manic episode and usually, but not necessarily, at least one depressive episode
bipolar 2: at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episode

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8
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

bipolar spectrum; chronic condition; may never go a few months without a hypomanic or depressive phase; mild and persistent; becomes a way of life; moody, high-strung, hyperactive, explosive

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9
Q

dimensions of mood disorder (3)

A

psychotic (i.e. hallucinations, delusions, extreme withdrawal) vs non-psychotic, early vs late onset (earlier = poorer outcomes, greater comorbidity), endogenous (not liked to a stressful event, more biological) vs reactive (linked to an event)

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10
Q

interpersonal dynamics (3)

A

co-rumination (maladaptive social support), excessive reassurance seeking (may drive others away), negative feedback seeking (predictable, offering short-term comfort)

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11
Q

learned helplessness model (extinction)

A

if no matter what someone does, they cannot do something; lack of control

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12
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

behavioral activation to change negative schemas; “reattribution training”

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13
Q

psychopharmacology

A

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TeCAs)

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14
Q

electroconvulsive therapy

A

electrical shock administered directly to the brain, in some ways mimicking a seizure; may ameliorate severe depression; mechanisms poorly understood; side-effect-impaired memory

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