exam 3 chapter 19

Question 1

externalizing vs internalizing

Answer 1

externalizing: undercontrolled; acting out, disruptive, delinquent, hyperactive, and aggressive behaviors; (1) inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (ADHD); (2) conduct problems and aggressive behavior (ODD or CD)
internalizing: overcontrolled; social withdrawal, anxiety, depression

Question 2

ADHD primary features

Answer 2

extreme and maladaptive levels of inattention and motor activity

Question 3

ADHD core symptom dimensions (DSM-5)

Answer 3

inattention cluster, hyperactivity cluster

Question 4

ADHD diagnostic criteria (4)

Answer 4

severity (5 or 6 or more behavioral symptoms), duration (before age 12 and 6-month persistence), pervasiveness (impairment in two or more settings), impairment (clear evidence of it)

Question 5

ADHD criteria in ICD-11

Answer 5

does not require the presence of a designated number of symptoms; relies on clinical judgment; less specific age of onset requirements; no comorbidity

Question 6

ADHD-CT vs ADHD-PI vs ADHD-PHI

Answer 6

Combined type (ADHD-CT): both inattention-disorganization and impulsivity-hyperactivity
Predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-PI): less impulsivity-hyperactivity; fewer conduct problems, less aggression, less rejection from peer, higher rates of anxiety and depression, better responses to lower doses of stimulant medication
Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-PHI): no inattention-disorganization problems; thought to be a developmental precursor for ADHD-CT for those who have not yet experienced demands for sustained attention

Question 7

ADHD core deficit

Answer 7

deficit in behavioral inhibition (the ability to inhibit a prepotent response long enough to consider the consequences)

Question 8

ODD vs CD

Answer 8

ODD: angry and defiant behavior
CD: antisocial and aggressive behaviors

Question 9

ODD in DSM-5 vs ICD-11

Answer 9

DSM-5: a recurrent pattern of angry, irritable, argumentative, defiant, or vindictive behavior that persist for at least 6 months and is characterized by the frequent occurrence of at least four behaviors (i.e. losing temper, being touchy or easily annoyed, blaming others for mistakes or misbehavior, etc.)
ICD-11: chronic irritability and anger as a specifier rather than a separate disorder

Question 10

ODD clusters (3)

Answer 10

angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, vindictiveness

Question 11

conduct disorder

Answer 11

a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior which violates the rights of others or major age appropriate societal norms or rules; 3 or more characteristic behavior must be present during past 12 months with at least one behavior present in past 6 months

Question 12

ICD-11 conduct problems in adulthood

Answer 12

“dissociality in personality disorder or personality difficulty” and/or “disinhibition in personality disorder or personal difficulty”

Question 13

CU traits

Answer 13

“callous” (i.e. lack of empathy, uncaring) and “unemotional;” helps diagnose children with severe and chronic conduct problems and aggressive behavior; the characteristics embodied by the deficient affect dimension of psychopathy

Question 14

psychopathy

Answer 14

a multidimensional personality disorder characterized by a narcissistic and manipulative interpersonal style, shallow and deficient affect, and impulsive, irresponsible, and antisocial behavior

Question 15

temperamental style

Answer 15

characterized by low fear and low emotional reactivity to aversive stimuli (pathway to severe conduct problems)

Question 16

contingency management programs (4)

Answer 16

(1) establishing clear behavioral goals
(2) monitoring progress toward goals
(3) reinforcing appropriate steps toward reaching goals
(4) providing consequences for inappropriate behavior

Question 17

parent management training (PMT)

Answer 17

goal is to teach parents how to alter their child’s behavior in the home; focuses on (1) improving quality of interactions, (2) changing antecedents to behavior, (3) improving supervision, (4) using more effective discipline

Question 18

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 18

designed to reduce deficits in social cognition and social problem-solving; teach the child to inhibit impulsive or angry responses to various stimuli; mainly used with older children and adolescents (greater capacity to reason and understand)

Question 19

parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT-CU)

Answer 19

increases parental warmth, teaches reward-based strategies to manage problem behaviors, and improves children’s emotional functioning

Question 20

multisystemic therapy (MST)

Answer 20

problems in children’s adjustment viewed as being embedded within the larger family context and other contexts; an intervention framework that emphasizes a comprehensive and individualized approach to intervention that is consistent with treatment principles and is delivered in the child’s natural environment