exam 3 chapter 22 Flashcards
anorexia vs bulimia
anorexia: characterized by restriction of food intake and significantly low body weight
bulimia: characterized by episodes of loss of control over eating followed by efforts to compensate for these episodes using behaviors such as self-induced vomiting
transdiagnostic theory of EDs
considers all eating disorders to be different manifestations of the same underlying psychopathology
anorexia nervosa (DSM-5)
restriction of energy intake that results in the maintenance of a significantly low body weight, accompanied by an intense fear of fatness and/or behaviors that interfere with gaining weight; no BMI threshold
anorexia nervosa types (2)
binge-eating/purging type: involves regular episodes of binge-eating or purging behaviors; greater comorbid psychopathology and poorer outcomes
restricting type: does not involve binge-eating/purging behaviors in the past 3 months; may “cross over” to binge-eating or bulimia
bulimia nervosa (DSM-5)
recurrent episodes of binge eating accompanied by compensatory behaviors in an effort to prevent a corresponding weight gain; must occur on average at least once a week for at least 3 months; self-evaluation relies excessively on body weight and shape
binge eating disorder (DSM-5)
involves recurrent episodes of binge eating; do not engage in regular compensatory behaviors following binge eating episodes; overconcern with weight and shape; must experience at least 3 (eating more quickly; eating until uncomfortably full; eating a large quantity of food even if one is not hungry; eating alone because of embarrassment; feelings of depression, disgust, or extreme guilt)
OSFED vs USFED vs EDNOS
OSFED: a category of clinically significant eating disorder syndromes that do not fit the diagnostic criteria for any specified eating disorders, and for which the clinician is able to describe why the disorder does not fit these other categories
USFED (DSM-5): indicates the clinician cannot or chooses not to describe why the disorder does not meet criteria for a more specific diagnosis
EDNOS (DSM-4): “eating disorder not otherwise specified”
binge eating (DSM-5 definition)
eating a larger than normal amount of food in a discrete period of time, accompanied by loss of control over eating
transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral model of ED maintenance
not concerned with how EDs develop, rather with the factors that maintain the eating disorders once they have developed (because causal factors are complex and nonspecific); applies regardless of specific diagnosis (i.e. overvaluing of weight and shape)
traumatic event (DSM-5)
exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence either through directly experiencing or witnessing the event in person, or learning that such an event has happened to a close other
step-down approach
patients graduate to less intensive programming in line with progress
CBT enhanced for eating disorder (CBT-E) individualized formulation
a diagram outlining the processes that maintain the individual’s eating disorder in the present (normalize eating, reviewing progress, reducing overvaluation of weight and shape by decreasing behaviors, relapse prevention)
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
primary focus is maladaptive personal relationships and relational styles; identify one of Birchall’s problem areas (grief, role transitions, interpersonal role disputes or interpersonal deficits) and work to improve functioning in that area
dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
initially developed to treat borderline personality disorder; premised on finding synthesis between too apparent opposites (acceptance and chance); simultaneously aims to help patients accept their current reality and tolerate distress while also making behavioral changes
motivational interviewing
acknowledges fluctuations in motivation and readiness for change; therapist highlights problematic aspects of ED behaviors and collaboratively explores and resolves ambivalence
