exam 2 chapter 13

Question 1

personality disorders

Answer 1

an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment; possibly 10% prevalence; very difficult to treat

Question 2

clusters of personality disorders (3)

Answer 2

1) paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal
2) antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic
3) avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive

Question 3

five-factor model (FFM) of personality disorder

Answer 3

1) neuroticism vs emotional stability
2) introversion vs extraversion
3) closeness vs openness to experience
4) antagonism vs agreeableness
5) conscientiousness vs disinhibition

Question 4

antisocial personality disorder

Answer 4

“psychopath”; pervasion of disregard for and violation of the rights of others (i.e. deceitfulness, impulsivity, recklessness); significant genetic and environmental contributions; lack of “anticipatory arousal”; low anxiety; engage in behaviors that result in substantial costs/punishment; 3% of males and 1% of females; 40% of children with conduct disorder later meet APD criteria

Question 5

narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 5

pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration or adulation, and lack of empathy; grandiose sense of self-importance, preoccupation with success, power, brilliance, beauty; demand for excessive admiration, a strong sense of entitlement, exploitation of others, lack of empathy, arrogance

Question 6

borderline personality disorder

Answer 6

pervasive pattern of impulsivity and instability in interpersonal relationships, affect, and self0image; frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, unstable and intense relationships, impulsivity, recurrent suicidal thoughts/gestures, self-mutilation, and episodes of rage/anger; history of traumatic events common (comorbidity with PTSD and dissociative disorders); 1-2% prevalence (75% female)

Question 7

schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 7

characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with close relationships, eccentricities of behavior, and cognitive-perceptual aberrations; odd beliefs, magical thinking, social withdrawal, unusual perceptual experiences, odd speech, inappropriate or constricted affect, social anxiety, social withdrawal; classified in ICD as a form of schizophrenia; appears to be related to the dopaminergic system; about 3% prevalence; prodromal phase of schizophrenia

Question 8

dependent personality disorder

Answer 8

pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissiveness, clinging, and fears of separation; extreme difficulty making decisions without others’ input; may come to value worth as a function of importance to others; about 2-4% prevalence; prone to other diagnoses

Question 9

schizoid personality disorder

Answer 9

genetic associations with schizophrenia; atypicality in perceptual-cognitive appraisal of environment; discomfort in social situations, misperceptions, related social isolation; appears to be related to the dopaminergic system; about 3% prevalence; prodromal phase of schizophrenia