[Exam 3] Chapter 22: Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
What the essential feature of intellectual disability?
Below-average intellectual functioning (IQ < 70) accompanied by significant limitations in areas of adaptivie functioning such as communication, self-care, and home-living.
What are the degrees of disability?
Mild, moderate, severe, or profound
What heredity condiitons contribute to intellectural disability?
Tay-Sachs disease or fragile X chromosome syndrome
Early alterations in embryonic development like trisomy 21 or mternal alcohol intake
Fetal malnutrition, hypoxia, infections
What medical conditions contribute to intellectual disability?
Infection or lead poisoning
What environmental influences lead to intellectual disability?
deprivation of nurturing or stimulation
What degree of intellectual disability receive tx in their home?
Mild-to-moderate
Autism Spectrum Disorder: what is this?
Characterized by pervasive and usually severe impairment of reciprocal social interaction skills, communication deviance, and restricted stereotypical behavioral patterns
Autism Spectrum Disorder: What does this include?
Disorders previously categorized as different types of a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)
Autism Spectrum Disorder: What are some examples of previous ppds?
Rett Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorders
Asperger Disorder
Autism: Prevalent in which gender?
5x more prevalent in boys,
Autism: When autism identified?
By 18 months and no later than 3 years of age
Autism: What problems do children with autism have?
Persistent deficits in communication and social interaction accompanied by restricted, stereotyped patterns of behavior and interests/activites
Autism: Eye/facial contact here?
Little eye contact and make few facial expressions toward others
Autism: How will they act toward peers?
LAck spontaneous ennjoyment, express no moods or emotional affect, and may not engage in play or make believe with toys. Little intelligible speech.
Autism: They perform stereotyped motor behaviors which are what?
Hand flapping, body twisting, or head banging
Autism: Behaviors common for 1 year?
Not responding to own name
Autism: Behaviors common by 14 months?
Doesn’t show interest by pointing to objects or people
Autism: Behaviors common by 18 months?
Doesn’t play pretend games
Autism: Common behaviors seen here?
Avoids eye conact
Prefers to be alone
Delayed speech and language skills
Obsessive intereests (gets stuck on idea)
Autism: Percentage of kids with this at infancy?
80%
Autism: How does this affect children as they grow up?
Start to improve as children acquire and use language to communicate with others.
Autism: If behavior deteriorates in adolescence, why is this?
May reflectefects of hormonal changes or difficulty meeting increasingly complex social demands
Autism: Manifestations seen in adults?
Little speech and poor daily living skills throughout life to adequate social skills that allow independent functioning
Autism: When is short term inpatient tx indicated?
Used when behaviors such as head banging or tantrums are out of control
Autism: Goal of treatment of children?
Reduce behavioral symptoms and to promote learning and development, particularly the acquisition of language skills
Autism: Comprehensive and individualized treatment include what?
Special education and laguage therapy, as well as cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety and agitation.
Autism: What type of drugs would be used?
Antipsychotics
Combo Antipsychotics
Autism: What antipsychotics will beused?
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Autism: What do antipsychotics target?
Temper tantrums, aggressiveness, self-injury, hyperactivity, and stereotyped behaviors
Autism: what other medications can be used?
Naltrexone (ReVia)
Clompipramine (Anafranil)
Clonidine (Catapres)
Autism & Related Disorders - Tic Disorders: What is a tic?
Sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalizations
Autism & Related Disorders - Tic Disorders: Examples of motor tics?
blinking, jerking the neck, shrugging the shoulders, grimacing, and coughing
Autism & Related Disorders - Tic Disorders: Example of vocal tics?
Repeating words or phrases out of context, coprolalia (use of socially unacceptable words, obscence), palilalia (repeaitng ones own sounds or words) and echolalia (repeating the last heard sound)
Autism & Related Disorders - Tic Disorders: Complex motor tics include what?
facial gestures, jumping, or touching or smelling an object
Autism & Related Disorders - Tic Disorders: What plays a part in tic disorders?
Abnormal transmission of the neurotransmitter dopamine
Autism & Related Disorders - Tic Disorders: How are tic disorders treated?
Risperidone (Risperdal) or Olanzapine (Zyprexa) which are atypical antipsychotics
Autism & Related Disorders - Tic Disorders: What is tourette disorder?
Involves multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, which occur many times a day for more than 1 year
Autism & Related Disorders - Chronic Motor or Tic Disorder: How does this differ from Tourette disorder?
In that either the motor or vocal tic is seen, but not both.
Autism & Related Disorders - Chronic Motor or Tic Disorder: What is a transient tic disorder?
May involve single or multiple vocal or motor tics, but the occurrences last no longer than 12 months
Autism & Related Disorders - Learning Disorders: When is this diagnosed?
When a child’s achievement in reading, mathematics, or written expression is below that expected for age, formal education, and intelligence.
Autism & Related Disorders - Motor Skills Disorders: Essential feature of developmental coordination disorder is what?
impaired coordination severe enough to interfere with academic achievement or activites of daily living
Autism & Related Disorders - Motor Skills Disorders: When does this become evident in children?
As they attempt to crawl or walk or as an older child tries to dress independently or manipulate toys like blocks
Autism & Related Disorders - Motor Skills Disorders: What is stereotypic movement disorder?
Characterized by rhythmic, repetitive behaviors such as hand waving, rocking, head banging, and biting that appears to have no purpose
Autism & Related Disorders - Motor Skills Disorders: When does stereotypic movement disorder onset begin?
At age 3 years and usually persists into adolescence. More common in those with intellectual disability