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NRSG 126: Mental Health > [Exam 2] Chapter 19: Addiction > Flashcards

[Exam 2] Chapter 19: Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Substance Abuse: Detrimental Effects of this?

A

Costs to business, industry - 223 billion annually

Motor vehicle accidents, fatalities

Prenatal drug exposure

Increse in violence

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2
Q

Substance Abuse: Whois more likely to develop problems of alcohol?

A

Children of alcoholics 4x more likely

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3
Q

Substance Abuse: Percentage of traffic fatalities that involve alcohol?

A

30%

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4
Q

Substance Abuse: Percentage of suicide victims that are alcoholics?

A

15%

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5
Q

Substance Abuse: How many people die each year from alcohol-related causes?

A

88,000

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6
Q

Substance Abuse: What is binge drinking?

A

Pattern of drinking that brings a person BAC to 0.08 or above. Happens when men have had 5 or more drinks or women had 4 or more in 2 hours.

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7
Q

What are the diagnostic classes of substance abuse?

A

Intoxication

Withdrawal Syndrome

Detoxification

Substance Abuse

Substance Dependence

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8
Q

What is polysubstance abuse?

A

Abuse of more than one substance

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9
Q

Categories of drugs?

A

Alcohol

Sedatives, Hypnotics, Anxiolytics

Stimulants

Cannabis

Opioids

Hallucinogens

Inhalants

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10
Q

Types of Substance Abuse: What is intoxication?

A

Use of a substance that results in maladaptive behavior

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11
Q

Types of Substance Abuse: What is withdrawal syndrome?

A

refers to negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when substance use ceases or decreases

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12
Q

Types of Substance Abuse: What is detoxification?

A

Process of safely withdrawing from a substance, usually with medical oversight

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13
Q

Types of Substance Abuse: What is substance abuse?

A

Defined abusing a drug in a way that is inconsistent with medical or social norms and despite negative consequences

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14
Q

Types of Substance Abuse: What is substance dependence?

A

This is also chemical dependence. Problems associated with addiction such as tolerance, withdrawal, and unsuccessful attempts to stop using substance

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15
Q

Clinical course of Alcoholism?

A

First episode of ‘sipping’

First episode of intoxication

Blackout

Development of tolerance

Tolerance break

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16
Q

Clinical course of Alcoholism: Sipping may occur as early as when?

A

8 years

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17
Q

Clinical course of Alcoholism: When does more severe difficulities begin to merge?

A

mid 20s to mid 302. Include alcohol-relatd breakup, arrest for public intoxication

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18
Q

Clinical course of Alcoholism: What happens after continued heavy drinking?

A

Tolerance break. Which mean very small amount intoxicates the person

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19
Q

Clinical course of Alcoholism: Age for first intoxication?

A

Between 12-14 years

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20
Q

Clinical course of Alcoholism: What happens in a blackout?

A

Person continues to function but has no memory of their behavior. Brain not able to form memories

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21
Q

Clinical course of Alcoholism: What is moderate drinking?

A

2 drinks per day, no more than 2 per hour

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22
Q

Alcholism & Etiology: Biologic factors?

A

Genetic vulnerability: Doesn’t automaticlaly make you have alcholism but there is a higher probability

Neurochemical influences

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23
Q

Alcholism & Etiology: Psychological Factors?

A

Family dynamics

Coping Styles

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24
Q

Alcholism & Etiology: Social , Environmental factors?

A

Culture, social attiudes, peer behaviors

Law, cost, availability

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25
Q

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: What is this for muslims?

A

No alcohol

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26
Q

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Jews?

A

Wine an integral part of religious rites

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27
Q

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Some native american tribes?

A

Peyote (hallucinogen)

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28
Q

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Japanese?

A

Alcohol not a drug

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29
Q

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: there are variations in enzymatic activites among who?

A

Asians, African Americans, and Whites

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30
Q

Alcoholism and Cultural Considerations: Alcohol abuse affects how many native americans?

A

1 in five

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31
Q

Alcohol: What does it do to CNS?

A

Depresses it. Causes relation/loss of inhibitions

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32
Q

Alcohol: Signs of alcohol use?

A

Slurred speech, unstedy gait, lack of coordination, impaired attention, memory, concentration, and judgement

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33
Q

Alcohol: What behaviors may someone display with alcohol use?

A

Aggressive behavior or display inappropriate sexual behavior

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34
Q

Alcohol: Treatment of alcohol overdose?

A

Gastric lavage or dialysis to remove the drug and support of respiratory and cardiovascular functioning in ICU

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35
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Onset begins when?

A

Within 4-12 hours afer cessations

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36
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: When does this end?

A

In about a week

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37
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: How many stages are there for withdrawal?

A

3

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38
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Stage 1 of withdrawal?

A

8 Hours. Includes anxiety, insomnia, nausea, and abdominal pain

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39
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Stafe 2 of withdrawal?

A

1-3 days. High blood pressure, increased body temp

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40
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Stage 3 of withdrawal?

A

1 week. Hallucinations, fever, seizures, and agitation

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41
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Severe or untreated withdrawal may progress to what?

A

Transitent hallucinations, seizures, or delirium

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42
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: What medicine is used for safe withdrawal?

A

Benzodiazepines

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43
Q

Alcohol withdrawal timeline: Peak of withdrawal symptoms?

A

Day 2 if we are able to get them into treatment

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44
Q

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: What are these all classified as?

A

CNS depressants

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45
Q

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines risk?

A

Alone , with oral overdose rarely faatal; lethargy confusion

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46
Q

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Barbituraes risk?

A

Overdose probably lethal. Can lead to coma, respiratory arrest, cardiac failure, deah

47
Q

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Problem this causes on person?

A

Withdrawal dependent on drug

48
Q

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: How to detoxify?

A

Via drug tapering

49
Q

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: Benzodiazepines overdose will be he opposite of what?

A

The intended treatment

50
Q

Sedatives. Hyponotics, and Anxiolytics: What must we be sure of with drug tapering?

A

Slowly slowly taper off the drug.

51
Q

Stimulants: This includes what?

A

Amphetamines, Cocaine

52
Q

Stimulants: Whaat does this do to body?

A

CNS stimulant

53
Q

Stimulants: Signs when using this?

A

High or euphoric feeling, hyperactivity, hyperviglance, physiologic signs

54
Q

Stimulants: Benefits of cocaine?

A

Absolutely none

55
Q

Stimulants: What can these eventually lead to after prolonged use?

A

Onset of withdrawal within hours to several days

56
Q

Stimulants: Withdrawal syndrome of this?

A

Dysphoria, fatigue, vivid and unpleasant dreams, insomnia or hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor retardation, depressive syndrome.

57
Q

Stimulants: Tx for withdrawal?

A

None

58
Q

Stimulants: Onset of withdrawal?

A

Days to hours.

59
Q

Cannabis: What is this used for?

A

Psyschoactive effects

60
Q

Cannabis: Excessive use possibl leads to what?

A

Delirium or cannabis-induced psychotic disorder

61
Q

Cannabis: Can you overdose?

A

No

62
Q

Cannabis: Withdrawal syndrone?

A

Nothing to significant. POssible symptons of insomnia, muscle aches, sweating, anxiety, tremors

63
Q

Cannabis: How to treat this??

A

Symptomatic treatment, just treating symptoms they are experiencing

64
Q

Opioids: What is this classified as?

A

CNS depressant

65
Q

Opioids: Intended affects of this?

A

Desensitization, euphoria, well-being

66
Q

Opioids: Intoxication signs of this includes what?

A

Apathy, lethargy, listlessness, impaired judgement, psychomotor retardation or agitation, constricted pupils , drowsiness, slurred speech, impaired attention

67
Q

Opioids: Overdose signs?

A

Coma, respiratory depression, ,pupil constriction, unconsciousness, death

68
Q

Opioids: Treatment for this?

A

Naloxone

69
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: What does this look like?

A

N/V, Dysphoria, Lacrimation, Rhinorrhea, Sweating , diarrhea, yawning ,fever, insomnia

70
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: What is lacrimation?

A

flow of tears

71
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: Heroin onset?

A

6-24 hours

72
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: Heroin peak?

A

2-3 days

73
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: Heroin subsiding?

A

5-7 days

74
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: Longer acting drugs like methadone onset?

A

2-4 days

75
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: Longer acting drugs like methadone subsiding in how long?

A

2 weeks

76
Q

Opioid Withdrawal: Symptoms of peak?

A

Diarrhea, abdominal cramping, goose bumps, n/v, dilated pupils, rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure

77
Q

Halucinogens: What do they do?

A

Reality distortion. Like psychosis (hallucinations, depersonalization)

78
Q

Halucinogens: What can this cause on the body?

A

Increased pulse, bp, and temperature, dilated pupils and hyperreflexia

79
Q

Halucinogens: Overdose risk?

A

None but can have toxic reaction

80
Q

Halucinogens: PCP toxicity signs?

A

Seizures, hypertension, hyperhermia, respiratory depression

81
Q

Halucinogens: Tx?

A

Supporitive tx for the symptoms

82
Q

Halucinogens: Withdrawl syndrome fo rthis?

A

None

83
Q

Halucinogens: How often can flashbacks happen?

A

For few months for up to 5 years

84
Q

Inhalants: What does this do?

A

Intoxication: Neurologic and behavioral symptoms

85
Q

Inhalants: Acute toxicity?

A

Anoxia, respiraotry depression, vagal stimulation, dysrhythmias

Death possible from bronchospasm, cardiac arrest, suffoicaiton

86
Q

Inhalants: withdrawal?

A

No withdrawal or detoxifcation?

87
Q

Inhalants: tx?

A

Supporitive tx

88
Q

Inhalants: Inhalant intoxication produces what effects?

A

Dizziness, nystagmus (eyes make repetitive, uncoordinated movementS) , lack of coordincation, slurred speech, unsteady gait

89
Q

Substance Abuse Treatment: Concept of this?

A

Medical illness, chronic, progressive, characterized by remissions and releapses

90
Q

Substance Abuse Treatment: Treamtn models fo rhtis?

A

Hazelden Clinic Model

12 Step Program of AA

91
Q

Substance Abuse Treatment: What was Hazelden Cliic Model?

A

This was founded in 1949 and was viewed as something that was a problem for the patient.

92
Q

Substance Abuse Treatment: Most important point of AA?

A

That there are sponsors. There are people who have been in these siutations before and can help guide you

93
Q

Substance Abuse Treatment: Types of counseling?

A

Individual or group

94
Q

Substance Abuse Treatment: Pharmacologic Treatment example?

A

Safe withdrawal, prevent relapse.

Medications help to manage withdrawal or cravings, but is not a specific treatment for susbtance abuse

95
Q

What is dual diagnosis here?

A

Substance abuse + another psychiatric illness

96
Q

Dual diagnosis: What are some relapse prevention strategies?

A

Healthy, nuturing, supporitve living environment

HElp with fundamental life changes like finding job

Connections with other recovering people

TX of comorbid conditions

97
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: History?

A

Chaotic family life, crisis rthat caused this?

98
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: General appearnace?

A

Motor, behavior

99
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: Mood , affect?

A

Expressing guilt, remorse, angry, quiet

100
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: Thought process?

A

Content, denail, blaming others, rationalization

101
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: Sensorium ?

A

Intact

102
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: Judgement and insight?

A

Poor judgement, impulsivity is able to control substanace use

103
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: Self concept example?

A

low self esteem and probs with feelings

104
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: Roles and relationships?

A

Often strained

105
Q

Substance abuse And Assessment: Physiologic considerations?

A

Poor nutriiton, sleep disturbance,s liver damage, HIB, lung damage

106
Q

Substance abuse And Outcome goal?

A

Abstain from substance use

Accept responsibility for behavior

Establish aftercare plan

107
Q

Substance abuse And Interventions?

A

Health teaching for patient, family

Addressing family issues

Coping SKills

108
Q

Elder Considers: RF for this?

A

Chronic illness that causes pain, long term use of meds, life stress, loss, social isolation

109
Q

Community-BAsed CAre Options?

A

Outpatient tx

Freestabdning abuse treating

Self-Help (AA)

Agency sponsored aftercare

Individual counseling

CLinic

110
Q

Mental Health promotion?

A

Public awarenedd, educationa dvertising

Early identifcation of older adults with alcholism

College drinking prevention program

111
Q

Substance abuse in health professionals: Ethical and legal responsibility to do what?

A

To report suspicious behavior to supervisor

112
Q

Substance abuse in health professionals: General warning signs?

A

Poor work performance/frequent absenteeism

Unusual behavior

Isolated form peers

113
Q

Substance abuse in health professionals: Related Disorders?

A

Gambling

Caffeine and Tobacco Addictions

Internet

NRSG 126: Mental Health (24 decks)

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