Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NRSG 126: Mental Health > Chapter 3: Psychosocial Theories and Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Psychosocial Theories and Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed Psychoanalytic Theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Psychoanalytic Theory support?

A

The notion that all human behavior is caused and cab be explained (deterministic theory). Beleives that represed sexual impulses and desired motivate human behvaior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: Freud said the personality structure had three compoents.. what were they?

A

The id, ego, and superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is the id?

A

Part ofo nes nature that reflects basic or innate desires such as pleasure seaeking behavior, aggression and sexual impulses . Id seeks instant gratification . Has no regard for rules or social convection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is the superego?

A

REflects moral and ethical concepts, values, and parental and social expectations. Direct opposite of id

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is the ego?

A

Balancing or mediating force between id and superego. Represents mature and adaptive behavior that allows person to function successfully in world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: Why did Freud believe Anxiety existed?

A

Because the ego attempted to balance the impulsive instincts of the id with rules of the superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: Freud believe that the human personality had what three levels of awareness?

A

Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What does conscious refer to?

A

Perceptions, thoughts, and emotions thate xist in the persons awareness such as being aware of happy feelingsor thinking about a loved one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is preconscious ?

A

thoughts and emotions are not currently in persons awareness but can recall with some effort. Example is remember what they thought or did as a child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is unconscious?

A

Realm of thoughts and feelings that m otivates a person even though he or she is unaware of them. Includes defense mechanisms and soem instinctual drives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is a Freudian Slip?

A

Term used to describe slips of the tongue . Example is saying the wrong thing to someone. Believed these weren’t accidents but subconscious thoughts instead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: Freud believe that a persons dream reflect what?

A

His or her subconscious and have significant meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is Dream Analysis?

A

Primary technique used in psychoanalysis that involves discussing clients dream to discover their true meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is Free Association?

A

Therapist tries to uncover the client’s true thoughts and feelings bys aying a word and asking client to respopnd quickly with what comes to mind. Believed this unconvered subconscious or repressed thoguhts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: How did Freud Analyze dreams?

A

Through Dream Analysis or Free Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: Freud believed that the self, or ego, uses ego defense mechanisms. What is this?

A

Methods of attempting to protect the self and cope with basic drives or emotionally painful thoughts, feelings, or events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories and Five Stages of Psychosexual Development: Freud based theory of childhood development on belief that

A

sexual energy, termed libido, was the driving force of human behavior. Proposed children has stages of psychosexual development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories and Five Stages of Psychosexual Development: What wer the five stages?

A 
Oral (Birth - 18 months)
Anal (18-36 Months)
Phallic/Oedipal (3-5 Years)
Latency (5-11 years)
Genital (11-13)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is Transference?

A

Occurs when the client displaces onto the therapist attitudes and feelings that the client originally experience in other relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: Example of Transference?

A

Female client working with nurse who is age of parents would react to nurse just like how she reacts to parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is Countertransference?

A

Occurs when therapist displaces onto the client atitudes or feelings from his or her past

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: Example of Countertransfernece?

A

Female nurse who has teenage children may display extreme frustration toward client and respond with parental or chastistng tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Psychoanalytic Theories: What is Psychoanalysis?

A

Focuses on discovering the causes of the client’s unconscious and repressed thoughts, feelings, and conflicts believed to cause anxiety and on helping the client gain insight into and resolve these conflicts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What theory was Erik Erikson apart of?

A

Developmental Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Developmental Theories and Erik Erikson: What did he describe in his book?

A

Eight psychosocial stages of development. Must complete task tht is essential to his or her well-being and mental health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Developmental Theories and Erik Erikson: What are the eight psychosocial stages developed?

A 
Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Initiative vs Guilt
Industry vs Inferiority
Identity vs Role Confusion
Intimacy vs Isolation
Generativity vs Stagnation
Ego Integrity vs Despair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Developmental Theories and Jean Piaget: What did he explore?

A

How intelligence and cogntive functioning develop in children. Believed human intelligence progresses through a series of stages based on age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Developmental Theories and Jean Piaget: How many stages did he believe in?

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Developmental Theories and Jean Piaget: What were the four stages he believed in?

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Developmental Theories and Jean Piaget: What is Sensorimotor?

A

Birth to 2 years. Devlops sense of self as separate from environment. Leanrs that objects exist even when out of sight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Developmental Theories and Jean Piaget: What is Preoperational?

A

2-6 years. CHild develops abiltiy to express self with language, understands symboic gestures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Developmental Theories and Jean Piaget: What is Concrete Operations?

A

6-12 years. Child begins to apply logic to thinking and is increasingly social and able to apply to rules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Developmental Theories and Jean Piaget: What is Formal Operations?

A

12-15 years . Child learns to think and reason in abstract terms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What category did Jean Piaget fall into?

A

Development Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What did Sullivan believe in?

A

Believed that one’s personality invovles more than individual characteristics, particularly how one interacts with other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What did he think produced anxietyu?

A

Inadequate or nonsatisfying relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What did Sullivan establish?

A

Five Live Stages. Infancy, Childhood, Juvenile, Preadolescence, and Adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What other mode did Sullivan develop?

A

Three developmental cognitive modes of experience and believed that mental disorders are related to the persistence of one of the early modes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What were the three modes ?

A

Prototaxic Mode
Parataxic Mode
Syntaxic Mode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What was Prototaxic Mode?

A

Characteristic of infancy and childhood, invovles brief, unconnected experiences that have no relaitonship to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What type of adults show prototaxic mode?

A

Those with schizophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What is a Parataxic mode?

A

Begins in early childhood as child vegins to connect experiences in sequence. Seeks to relieve anxiety by repeating familar experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What is Syntaxic Mode?

A

Appears in school-aged children. Person begins to perceive him or himself and the world within context of the environment and can analyze experiencces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: what goal did sullivan envision?

A

Goal of treatment as establishment of satisfying interpersonal relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What does Participantt Observer mean?

A

Coined the term for the therapists role, meaning therapist both participates ina nd observes the progress of the relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What did Sullivan develop for the community?

A

First therapeutic community or milieu for young men with schizophrenia in 1929.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What type of intereaction was focused on in the milieu?

A

Interaction among clients seen as beneficial and treatment emphasizes the role of this client-to-client interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: Whaht is Milieu therapy?

A

Involves clients interactions with one another , including practicing interpersonal relationship skills, givine one another feedback about behavior, and working cooperatively as a group to solve day-to-day problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Interpersonal Theoreis and Harry Sullivan: What therapy was one of the primary modes of treatment in acute hospital settings?

A

Milieu therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What did Peplau develop?

A

Concept of therapeutic nurse-patient relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What four phases did nurse-patient relationship include?

A

Orientation
Idientification
Exploitation
Resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What occurs in the orientation phase?

A

Directed by nurse and involves engaging the client in treatment, providing explanations and information, and answering questions

54
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What occurs in the identification phase?

A

Begins when client works interdependently witht he nurse, expresses feelings and begins to feel stronger

55
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What occurs in the exploitation phase?

A

Client makes full use of services offered

56
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What occurs in resolution phase?

A

Client no longer needs professional services and gives up dependent behavior. Relationship ends.

57
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What else did Peplau write about?

A

How nurses have different roles to meet client needs.

Stranger
Resource Perso
Teacher
Leader
Surrogate
Counselor
58
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: How did she feel about anxiety?

A

Felt it was an initial response to a psychic threat. Four levels. Mild, Moderate, Severe, and Panic

59
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What is Mild Anxiety?

A

Positive state of heightened awareness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new behaviors and solve problems. Can take in all stimuli

60
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What is moderate anxiety?

A

Decreased perceptual field (focus only ontask): person can learn new behavior or solve problems only with assistance. Another person can redirect person to task

61
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What is Severe Anxiety?

A

Feeling of dread and terror. Person cannot be redirected to task. Focuses only on details. Has tachycardia, chest pain. May believe having heart attack

62
Q

Interpersonal Theories and Hildegard Peplau: What is panic anxiety?

A

Loss of rational thought, delusions, hallucinations and complete physical immobility and muteness.

63
Q

Humanistic Theories: What do these represent?

A

Significant shift away from psychoanalytic view of person driven by impulse and focus on examination of client’s past experiences

64
Q

Humanistic Theories: Humanism focuses on

A

persons positive qualities, his or her capacity to change, and promotion of self-esteem

65
Q

Humanistic Theories: Who were the important theoriests here?

A

Abraham Maslow

Carl Rogers

66
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: How was he different from others?

A

Focused on the total person, not just one facet of the person and emphasized health instead of simply illness and problems.

67
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: What did he formulate?

A

The hierachy of needs

68
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: What is the hierarchy of needs?

A

Used a pyramid to arrange and illustrate the basic drives or needsd that motivate people

69
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: First level?

A

Physiologic needs of food, water, sleep, shelter, sexual expression and freedom from pain

70
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: Second level?

A

Safety and security needs which include protection, security, and freedom from harm

71
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: Third level?

A

Love and belonging needs which include enduring intimacy, frrienship, and acceptance

72
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: Fourth level?

A

Esteem needs, which include the need for self-respect and esteem from other

73
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: Highest level?

A

Self-Actualization, the need for beauty, truth, and justice

74
Q

Humanistic Theories and Maslow: He used the term self-actualization.. what does this mean?

A

TO describe a person who has achieved all the needs of the hierarchy and developed his or her fullest potential in life

75
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: He was the firs tot use what term?

A

Client instead of patient

76
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: How did he work?

A

Focused on the therapeutic relatioship and developed a new method of client-centered therapy.

77
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: What was client-centered therapy?

A

Focuses on role of client rather than therapist. Believed client’s do their own healing and cure themselves

78
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: What would a therapist do in a client-centered therapy?

A

Takes supportive role. Must promote client’s seelf esteem through threee concepts.

Unconditional Positive Regard
Genuineness
Empatheetic Understanding

79
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: What is Unconditional Positive Regard

A

Nonjudgmental caring for the client that is not dependent on clients behavior

80
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: What is Genuineness

A

Realness or congruence between what the therapist feels and what he says to client

81
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: What is Empathetic Understanding?

A

Therapist senses the feeling and personal meaning from client and communicates this understanding to client

82
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: What does Unconditional postiive regard promote?

A

The client’s self-esteem and decreases his or her need for defensive behavior

83
Q

Humanistic Theories and Carl Rogers: He also believes that the basic nature of humans is to become..

A

self-actualized. To move toward self-improvement and consructive change

84
Q

Behavioral Theories: How does Behaviorism work?

A

Focuses on observable behaviors and what one can do externally to bring about behavior changes. Doesn’t attempt to explain how mind works

85
Q

Behavioral Theories: They believe behavior can be changed how?

A

System of rewards and punishments

86
Q

Behavioral Theories: Who were the main theorists here?

A

Ivan Pavlov

B.F Skinner

87
Q

Behavioral and Ivan Pavlov: What did his experiment with dogs involve?

A

Dogs naturall salivate (response) when they saw or smelled food (stimulus).

Changed behavior through conditioning. Rang bell (new stimulus) then produce food. Evantually he could ring bell and the dog would salivate without seeing or smelling food.

88
Q

Behavioral and B.F. Skinner: What did he develop?

A

Operant COnditioning

89
Q

Behavioral and B.F. Skinner: hat is Operant COnditioning

A

Says people learn their behaviors frfom history or past experiences

90
Q

Behavioral and B.F. Skinner: What were the principles of operant conditioning described by him?

A

All behavior learn

Consequence result from behavior

Behavior thats rewarded recurs

Negative reinforceers that are removed after behavior will increase change of behavior occuring

Continuous reinforcment is fastest way to increase behavior

Random reinforcement is slower but continuous after reward stops

POsitive reinforcement after behavior increases chance of it happening

91
Q

Behavioral and B.F. Skinner: He used Behavior Modificiation. What is this?

A

MEthod of attempting to strengthen a desired behavior or response by reinforcement, either positive or negative

92
Q

Behavioral and B.F. Skinner: Example of operant principles in group home?

A

Receive points for completing tasks like completing ADLs. Receives tokens at end of week which can be redeemed.

93
Q

Behavioral and B.F. Skinner: What other major thing did he create?

A

Systematic Desensitization

94
Q

Existential Theories: Theorists believe that..

A

behvaior deviations result when a person is out of touch with him or herself in the environment

95
Q

Existential Theories: All these thories have a goal of

A

helping the person discover an authentic sense of self. Emphasize personal responsibilty for oneself, feelings, behaviors, and choices

96
Q

Existential Theories: What are the five therapies included here?

A

Rational Emotive Therapy

Cognitive Therapy

Logotherapy

Gestalt Therapy

Reality therapy

97
Q

Existential Theories: What does Cognitive therapy focus on?

A

Immediate thought processing, how a person perceives or interprets his or her experience and determines how she feels and behaves

98
Q

Existential Theories: Example of Cognitive Therapy?

A

If person interprets a situation as dangerous she may experience anxiety

99
Q

Existential Theories: Who is credited with pioneering cognitive therapy in persons with depression?

A

Aaron beck

100
Q

Existential Theories and Rational Emotive Therapy: Who founded this?

A

Albert Ellis

101
Q

Existential Theories and Rational Emotive Therapy: What did he identify?

A

11 “irrational Beliefs” that people use to make themselves unhappy.

102
Q

Existential Theories and Rational Emotive Therapy: Example of irrational belief?

A

If i love someone, he or she must love me back just as much. This false thought makes person unhapppy but will blame that person

103
Q

Existential Theories and Logotherapy: Who created this

A

Viktor Frankl

104
Q

Existential Theories and Logotherapy: Based his beliefs on what?

A

Observation of people in Nazi concentration camps

105
Q

Existential Theories and Logotherapy: What did he conclude from studying people in concentration camps

A

Concluded that survivors were able to find meaning in their lives even in miserable conditions. So people must find meaning (logos).

106
Q

Existential Theories and Logotherapy: What field today uses this the most?

A

Therapists who work with clients in spirituality and grief counseling often use concepts that Frankl developed

107
Q

Existential Theories and Gastalt Therapy: Fonded by who

A

Frederick “Fritz” Perls

108
Q

Existential Theories and Gastalt Therapy: What did he emphasize?

A

Identifying the person’s feelings and thoughts in the here and now. Believed self-awareness lead to self-acceptance and responsibility to ones own thoughts

109
Q

Existential Theories and Gastalt Therapy: Therapists often use this therapy to increase

A

clients self-awareness by having them write and read letters, keep journals, and perform other activities designed to put the past to rest

110
Q

Existential Theories and Reality Therapy: Who created this?

A

William Glasser

111
Q

Existential Theories and Reality Therapy: What is this?

A

Focusees on persons behavior and how that behavior keeps him from achieving life goals

112
Q

Existential Theories and Reality Therapy: How does this work?

A

Challenges clients to examine the way in which their own behavior thwarts their attempts to achieve life goals

113
Q

Crisis Intervention: What is a crisis?

A

Turning point in an individuals life that produces an overwhelming emotional response.

114
Q

Crisis Intervention: What are the stages of crisis?

A
  1. Person exposed to stressor, expiernces anxiety, and tries to cope
  2. Anxiety increases when customary coping skills are ineffective
  3. Person makes all possible effort sot deal with stressor
  4. When coping attemps fail, person experiences disequilibrium
115
Q

Crisis Intervention: Crises occur and fall into what three categories?

A

Maturational Crises

Situational Crises

Adventitious Crises

116
Q

Crisis Intervention: What is a Maturational Crises?

A

Sometimes called developmental crises, predicftable events in normal course of life. Like leaving home for first itme, getting married, having baby

117
Q

Crisis Intervention: What are Situational Crises?

A

Unanticipated or sudden events that threaten individuals integrity, such as death of loved one or loss of job

118
Q

Crisis Intervention: What is a Adventitious Crises?

A

Include natural disasters, terrosits attacks, riots, violent crimes

119
Q

Crisis Intervention: What are the three factors that influence whether or not an individual experiences a crises?

A

Individuals perception of event

Availability of emotional supports

Availability of adequate coping mechanisms

120
Q

Crisis Intervention: What are the three outcomes of a criss?

A

Person reutnrs to precrisis level

Functionals at a higher level

Persons functioning stabilizises at a lower level than precrisis functioning

121
Q

Crisis Intervention: What does Crisis Intervention include?

A

A variety of techniques based on the assessment of hte individual.

122
Q

Crisis Intervention: How do Directive Interventions help?

A

Designed ot assess persons health status and promote problem solving and raising the person’s self-awareness by providing feedback

123
Q

Crisis Intervention: How do Supportive Interventions help?

A

Aim at dealing with person’s needs for empathetic understanding, such as encourage person to identify and discuss feelings

124
Q

indvidual Psychotherapy: What is this?

A

Method of bringing about change in a person by exploring his or her feelings, attitudes, thinking and behavior. Involves one-to-one reltionsjop

125
Q

indvidual Psychotherapy: What is the key to success in this type of therapy?

A

Therapist-client relationship. Both must comunicate for this to be effective

126
Q

Groups: What is group content?

A

Refers to what is said in the context of hte group, including educational material, feelings, and emotions

127
Q

Groups: What is group process?

A

Refers to behavior of the group and its individual members, including seating arrangements, tone of voice and who speaks to whom

128
Q

Groups: What is the goal os psychotherapy group?

A

Members to learn about their behavior and make positive changes in their behavior by interacting and communicating with others as a a member of the group

129
Q

What is Complementary Medicine?

A

Includes therapies used with convetional medicine practices

130
Q

What is Alternative Medicine?

A

Includes therapies used in place of convetional treatment

131
Q

What is Integrative medicine?

A

Combines conventional medical therapy and CAM therapies that have specific evidence supporting their safety and effectiveness

NRSG 126: Mental Health (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions