Chapter 7: Client's Response To Illness Flashcards
What is culture?
All socially learned behaviors, values, beliefs, customs, and ways of thinking of a population that guide its members
Age, Growth, And Development: The age of onset of schizophrenia is a strong predictor of
the prognosis of the disease.
People at younger age have poorer outcomes and negative signs (apathy, social isolation) and less effective coping skills
Age, Growth, And Development: Why may younger people struggle with schizophrenia?
Younger clients have not had expeirences of succesful independent living or the opportunity to work and be self-sufficient
Age, Growth, And Development: What did Erik Erikson develop?
Psychosocial development across the lifespan in terms of developmental tasks to accomplish at each stage . Each stage depends on successful completion of previous stage
Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Trust vs Mistrust
Viewing world as safe and reliable. Viewing relationships as nurturing, stable, and dependable
Age, Growth, And Development: Taks to complete in Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
Achieving a sense of control and free will
Age, Growth, And Development: Initiative vs Guilt tasks to complete
Beginning to develop a sonscience. Learning to manage clonflict and anxiety
Age, Growth, And Development: Industry vs Inferiority tasks to complete
Building confidence in own abilitites.
Taking pleasure in accomplishments
Tasks to accomplish in Identity vs role diffusion
Formulating sense of self and belonging
Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Intimacy vs Isolation
Forming adult, loving relationships and meaningful attachment to others
Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Generativity vs Stagnation
Establishing the next generation
Age, Growth, And Development: Tasks to complete in Ego Integrity vs Despair
Accepting responsibility for oneself and life
Genetics and Biologic Factors: Geneetic makeup tremendously influcnes a persons response to
illness and perhaps even treatment
Physical Health and Health Practices: What may impair a person’s ability to cope?
Poor nutritional status, lack of sleep, or a chronic physical illness
Self-Efficacy: What is this?
Belief that personal abilities and efforts affect the events in one’s life. Person who believes that their behavior makes a difference is more likely to take action
Self-Efficacy: People with high self-efficacy act how?
set personal goals, are self-motivated ,cope effectibely with stress and request support from others when needed
Self-Efficacy: People with low self-efficacy act how?
have low aspirations, experience much self-doubt, and may be plagued by anxiety and depression
Hardiness: What is this?
The ability to resist illness when under stress. Hardiness has three components
Hardiness: What are the three compoentns of this?
Commitment: Active involvment in life activites
Control: Ability ot make appropriate descisions in life activites
Challenge: Ability to perceive change as beneficial rather than just stressful
Hardiness: What did Kobasa find out?
That male executives who had high stress but low occurence of illness scored higher on hardiness than executives with high stress and high occurence of illness
Hardiness: Personal hardinenss is often described as
a pattern of attitudes and actions that helps the person turn stressful circumstances into opportunities for growth
Hardiness: Persons with high hardiness perceive stressors more
accurately and are able to problem-solve in the situation more effectively
Resilence and Resourcefulness: What is Resilence?
Defined as having healthy responses to stressful circumstances or risky situations.
Resilence and Resourcefulness: What does Resilence help explain?
Why one person reacts to a slightly stressful event with severe anxiety while another person does not experience distress even when confronting a major disruption
Resilence and Resourcefulness: High resilence is associated wiht
promoting and protectects ones mental health, described as flourhsing
Resilence and Resourcefulness: What does Family Resilence refer to?
The successful coping of family memebrs under stress. This includes positive outlook, spirtuality, family member accord and flexibility
Resilence and Resourcefulness: What is resourcefulness?
It involves using probolem-solving abilities and believing that one can cope with adverse or novel situations
Resilence and Resourcefulness: People develop resourcefulness through
interactions with others
Resilence and Resourcefulness: Examples of resourcefulness includue
performing health-seeking behaviors, leanring self-care, monitoring one’s thoughts and feelings about stressfuls ituations
Spirituality: What does this involve?
The essence of a person’s being and his or her beliefs about the meaning of life and the purpose for living
Sense of Belonging: What is this?
Feeling of connectedness with or involvement in a social system or environment of which a person feels an integral part
Sense of Belonging: Maslow describes this as
a basic human psychosocial need that invovles feelings of both value and fit
Sense of Belonging: Value refers to what
feeling needed and accepted
Sense of Belonging: What does FIt refer to?
feeling that one meshes or fits in with the system or environment . Meaning when a person belongs to a group, they feel valued
Sense of Belonging: Persons sense of belonging is closely related to
his or her social and psychological functioning
Sense of Belonging: SEnse of belonging was found to promote
health, whihc a lack of this sense impaired health
Social Networks and Social Supports: What are social networks?
Groups of popele one knows and with whom one feels connected.
Social Networks and Social Supports: Social networks can reduce
stress, dimish illness, and positively influence the ability to cope and adapt
Social Networks and Social Supports: What is social support?
Emotional sustenance that comes from friends, family membrs, and even health care providers
Social Networks and Social Supports: What is social contact?
The friendly talk that goes on at parties
Social Networks and Social Supports: What components necessary for support system to be effective?
Clients perception of the support system and the responsiveness of the support system
What does Culturally Competent Nursing care mean?
Being sensitive to issues related to culture, race, gender, sexual orientation, social class, economic situation and other factors
Beliefs about Causes of Illness: Two prevalent types of beleifs about what causes illness in non-western cultures are what?
Natural
Unnatural/Personal
Beliefs about Causes of Illness: What are unnatural or personal beliefs attribute the cause of illness to?
Active, purposeful intervention of an outside agent, spirit, or supernatural force or deity
Beliefs about Causes of Illness: What is the natural view rotted in ?
Belief that natural conditions or forces, such as cold, heat, wind, or dampness are responsible for the illness
Beliefs about Causes of Illness: A sick person with a natural view would not see what?
The relaitonship between their behavior or health practices and the illness. Would try to counteract negative forces or spirits using traditional cultural remedies rather than taking medication
Fators in Cultural Assessment: What did Giger identify?
The model for assessing clients using six cultural factors:
Communication ,Physical Distance, Social Organization, Time Orietnation, Environmental Control, And Biologic Variations
Social Organization: What does this refer to?
Family structure and organizatio, religious values and beliefs ,ethnicity and culture, all of which affect a person’s role and therefore his or her health and illness behavior
Environmental Control: What does this refer to?
Client’s ability to control the surroundings or direct factors in the environment
Environmental Control: People who believe they have control of their health are more likely to seek
care, change their behaviors, and follow treatment recommendations
Environmental Control: Those who believe that illness is a result of nature or natural causes are less likely to
seek traditional health care because they do not believe it can help them
Biologic Variations: What disease is found exclusivel y in African Americans?
Sickle Cell Anemia
Biologic Variations: What disease is most prevalent in the Jewish community?
Tay-Sachs
Socioeconomic Status and Social Class: WWhat does socioeconomic status refer to?
Ones income, education and occuptation. Strongly influences a person’s health including whether or not person has insurance or assess to health care
Nurses Rule in Working with Cultures: To provide cpmpetent care, nurse must found out what?
As much as possible about a client’s cultural values, beliefs, and health practices. “How would you like to be cared for”
Nurses Rule in Working with Cultures: How can a nurse assess health practices and religious beliefs?
“Do you follow any dietary preferences or restrictions”?
“How can I assist you in practicing your relgious or spiritual beliefs?”
What individual factors influence a client’s response to illness?
Age and Growth and Development
Biologic and Genetic Factors
Hardiness
REsilence and Resourcefulness
Self-Efficacy and Spiritualiy
Biologic makeup includes what?
perosns heredity and physical health
younger clients may have difficulty expressing their thoughts and feelings so they have poorer
outcomes when experiencing stress or illness
people who have difficulty negotiating the tasks of psychosocial development have less
effective skills to cope with illness
What is resilience?
Perosns ability to respond in a healthy manner to stressful circumstaances or risky siutations
What is resourcefulness?
Demonstrated in one’s ability to manage daily activities and is personal characteristic acquired through interactions with others
What are the interpersonal factors that influence a clinet’s response to illness?
Sense of Belonging
Personal Involvement in System or Environment
Socail NEtworks
What has the most influence on a persons health beliefs and behaviors?
Culture
What is a model for assesssing clients from various ethnic backgrounds including the six cultural phenomena?
Communication Technique and Style
Physical Distance and Space
Socail ORganization
Time Orietnation
Environmetnal Control
Biologic Variations
