[Exam 2] Chapter 12: Abuse and Violence Flashcards
What does Family Violence encompass?
Spouse Battering, Neglect and Physical, Emotional, or Sexual Abuse of Children
Elder Abuse
Marital Rape
What are some chacteristics of violent families?
Social Isolation
Abuse of Power and Control
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse
Inter-generational Transmission Process
Social Isolation: What do members do here?
Keep to themselves and usually do not invite others into the home or tell anyone what is happening
Abuse of Power and Control: Intimate partner violence (IPV) acounts for what percentage of homocides?
14%
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse: Why is alcohol a problem with abuse?
Alcohol may diminish inhibitions and make violent behaviors more intense or frquent
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse: What is the date rape drug often used?
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
Intergenerational Transmission Process: What is this?
Shows that patterns of violence are perpetuated from one generation to the next through role modeling and social learning
Intergenerational Transmission Process: An example of Intergenerational Transmission?
Children who witness violence between their parents learn that violence is the way to resolve conflict
Intimate Partner Violence: What is this?
Mistreatment or misuse of one person by another in the context of an emotionally intimate relationship
Intimate Partner Violence: What kind of abuse can occur here?
Emotional or Psychological
Physical, Sexual, or a Combination
Intimate Partner Violence: What is Psychological Abuse?
Includes name-calling, belittling, screaming, yelling, destroying property and making threats
Intimate Partner Violence: What is Physical Abuse?
Ranges from shoving and pushing to severe battering and choking and may involve broken limbs and ribs , internal bleeding, brain damage, and even homicide
Intimate Partner Violence: What does Sexual Abuse include?
Assaults during sexual relationships such as biting nipples, pulling hair, slapping, and hitting and rape
Intimate Partner Violence: Why do pregnant women experience an increase in violence during pregnancy?
Results from partners jealously, possessiveness, insecurity, and lessened physical and emotional availability of the pregnant women
Intimate Partner Violence: How often does Domestic Violence occur?
In same-sex relationships with same statistical frequency as in heterosexual relationships
Intimate Partner Violence: What kinds of signs does a abuser typically have?
Strong feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem as well as poor problem solving and poor social skills
Intimate Partner Violence: What is the most common trait found in abused wives?
Dependency, both personal and financial that make it difficult to leave a relationship
Cycle of Abuse and Violence: What is the cycle of vioence?
Typial pattern exists; usually, initial episode of battery followed by episode of abuser expressing regret. Then leads to Honeymoon Period where they are loving. After honeymoon period, tension-building phase begins again. Tension ends in another violent episode.
Cycle of Abuse and Violence: Initially, the honeymoon period may last how long
weeks or even months, causing woman to blieve relationship has improvved.
Assessment: What are some don’ts when working with vitctims of partner abuse?
“Don’t tell victim what to do”
Don’tt take charge and do everything for the client
Don’t imply client is responsible for abuse
Assessment: What are the dos when working with victims of partner abuse?
Do believe the victim
Ensure and maintain clients confidentiality
Do say “Abuse is not your fault”
Assessment: What are some questions to ask about safety?
Do you feel safe in your relationship?
Concerned for your safety?
DO you ever feel threatened?
Do you have a safe place to go if you need to?
Treatment and Intervention: Civil orders of protection are more effective in preventing future violence when linked with other interventions such as
advocacy counseling, shelter, or talking with health care providers
Treatment and Intervention: What are the lifetime prevalence rates of stalking in mena dn women?
1 in 6 women
1 in 19 men
Treatment and Intervention: What is IPV?
The mistreatment or misuse of one person by another
Treatment and Intervention:IPV may be suspected when?
Client exhibits unexplained bruising, broken bones, sexual assault, or a psychological/emotional trauma.
Treatment and Intervention:How is stalking a crime of intimidation?
Perpetrators harass and terrorize their victims through behavior that causes fear or substantial emotional distress
Child Abuse: What is child abuse?
Intentional injury of a child . Can include physical abuse, neglect, or failure to prevent harm, and provide adequate physical and emotional care of supervision
Child Abuse: Who often perpetrates abuse on girls?
Fathers, stepfathers, uncldes, older sibilings, and live-in partners
Child Abuse: Adults with ah istory of childhood sexual abuse are at a higher risk for
depression, suicide attempts, marital problems, marriage to ana clhoolic, smoking, alcohol abuse, and chronic pain
Types of Child Abuse: Physical absue of children often results from
unreasonably severe corporal punishments or unjustifiable punishments such as hitting an infant for crying
Types of Child Abuse: Intentional, deliberate assaults on children include
burning, biting, cutting, poking, twisting limbs, or scalding with hot water
Types of Child Abuse: What does sexual abuse invovle?
Sexual acts performed by an adult on a child younger than 18.
Types of Child Abuse: Examples of sexual abuse?
Incest, rape, and sodomoty performed directly by the person or with an object
Types of Child Abuse: Second type of sexual abuse involves exploitation, which is what?
Making, promoting, or selling pornography involving minors, and coercion of minors to participate in obscene acts
Types of Child Abuse: What is neglect?
Malicious or ignorant withholding of physical, emotional, or educational necessities for the child’s well-being
Types of Child Abuse: Child abuse by neglect includes what examples?
Refusal to seek health care or delay doing so, abdandonment, inadequate supervision, reckless disregard for child safety, and abusive emotional tratment
Types of Child Abuse: What does Psycholigcal Abuse include?
Verbal assaults such as blaming, screaming, name-calling, and using sarcasm, and family characteristics that include fighting, yelling, and chaos
Child Abuse & Clinical Picture: What may cause a parent to do this?
Have minimal parenting knowledge and skills. May not understand or know what children need, and may be angry because they are meotionally unequipped o meet those needs
Child Abuse & Clinical Picture: Parents who abuse their children have what traits?
Emotionally immature, needy, and incapable of meeting their own needs
Child Abuse & Clinical Picture: In spousal abuse, how does the abuser view the children?
As property belonging to the absing parent
Child Abuse & Assessment: What are some warning signs of abused children?
Serious injuries such as fractures, burns, or lacerations with no hisotry of trauma
Delay in seeking tx
High incidience of UTI
Parent giving history inconsistent with severity of injury
Child Abuse & Assessmenet: Children who have been sexually abused may have wha t signs?
UTI, Bruised, Red, Swollen Genitalia, Tears of Rectum or Vagina, and Bruising
Child Abuse & Assessmenet: What signs from a child may indicate abuse?
Unexplained behavior, from refusal to eat to aggressive behavior with peers
Child Abuse & Assessmenet: How do nurses handle suspected abuse?
Report suspected abuse with accurate and thorough documentation of assessment data
Child Abuse & Assessmenet: Where would a nurse report abuse?
May report suspected abuse to appropriate local governmental authorities. This could be CPS, Children and Family Services.
Child Abuse & Treatment and Intervention: First part of treamtnet includes what?
To ensure childs safety and well-being. This may involve removing the child from the home.
Child Abuse & Treatment and Intervention: Long-term treatment for the child usually involves
professionals from several disciplines, such as psychiatry, social work, and psychology
Child Abuse & Treatment and Intervention: Very young children may communicate best through
play therapy, where he or she draws or acts out siutations with puppets or dolls rather than talks
Child Abuse & Treatment and Intervention: What is social services role here?
Involved in determining whether returning the child to the parental home is possible based on whether parents can show benefit from tx
Child Abuse & Treatment and Intervention: What nay parents require?
Psychiatric oro substance abuse treatment.
Elder Abuse: What is this?
Maltreatmetn of older adults by family members or others in a caregiver role. Includes physical and sexual, psychological abuse, neglect, and financial exploitation
Elder Abuse: How common is this?
1-10 over age 65 are injured, exploited, abused, or neglected
Elder Abuse: Most victims of elder abuse are what age?
75 years or older
Elder Abuse: When is abuse most likely?
When the elder has multiple chronic mental and physical health problems and when he/she is dependent on others for food
Elder Abuse: People who abuse elders are almost always in what role?
Caregiver role
Elder Abuse: What has also been identified in senior living facilities between residents?
Bullying . Verbal and social bullying is most common
Elder Abuse: What do ombudsmen do?
Allowed to visit nursing homes to check on care of elderly. Report that complaints of elder abuse are common in instiutions
Elder Abuse &Clinical Picture: How do the victims appear?
Bruises/Fractures
May lack needed glasses or hearing aids.
May be denied foods, fluids, or meds.
Restricted in a bed or chair
Elder Abuse &Clinical Picture: What does self-neglect involve?
the elder’s failure to care for him or herself
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What makes assessment difficult?
Determining whether the elder’s conditions results from deterioration assocaited with a chronic illness or from abuse
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What are some Physical Abuse Indicators?
Frequent, unexplained injuries.
Reluctance to seek medical tx.
Disorientation or grogginess indicating misuse of medsd
Fear or edgines in presence of family members
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What are some Psychosocial Abuse Indicators?
Changes in elders general mood or usual behavior
Isolated from previous fmaily
Sudden lack of cntact
Hesistance to talk openly
Withdrawal or depression
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What are some Material Abuse Indicators?
Unpaid bills
Standardsd of living below normal levels
Unusual or inappropriate activity in bank
Recent changes in will
Lack of easily affordable items
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What are some Neglect Indicators?
Poor personal hygiene
Lackof needed meds
Dirt, fecal, or urine smell
Rashes, sores, or lice on elder
Elder has untreated medical condition
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What are some Self-Neglect indicators?
Inability to manage personal finances, sucha s hoarding
Inability to manage activies of daily living
Wadnering, refusing needed medical attention, isolation
Failure to keep needed medical appointments
Confusion, memory loss, unresponsiveness
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What are some Warning Indicators from Caregiver?
Elder not given opportunity to speak
Attitudes of indifference or anger toward the elder
Blaming elder for his/her illness
Conflicing accounts of elders abilities, problems, and so forth
Elder Abuse & Assessment: When should the nurse suspect abuse?
If injuries have been hidden or utnreated or are incompatible with the explanation provided
Elder Abuse & Assessment: Examples of injuries ?
Cuts, lacerations, puncture wounds, bruises, welts, or burns
Elder Abuse & Assessment: Signs of Physical Neglect include what?
Pervsive smell of urine or feces, dirt, rashes, sores, lice, or inadequate clithing
Elder Abuse & Assessment: POssible indicators of emotional or psychological abuse include what?
Elder hesistant to talk openly to nurse or fearful, withdrawn, depressed, and helpless
Elder Abuse & Assessment: Possible indicators of self-neglect include ?
Inability to manage money, inability to perform ADLs, changes in intellectual function.
Elder Abuse & Assessment: For self-neglect to be diagnosed, elder must be evaluated as ?
Unable to manage day-to-day life and take care of themselves
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What are some signs that caregier abuse may be occuring?
Caregiver may complain of how difficult caring for elder is
Incontinence
Difficulties in Feeding
Excessive Costs of Meds
Elder Abuse & Assessment: What do the laws givering adult protective services do?
Provide a system for defining, reporting, and investigfting abuse, as wwell as providing services to victims
Elder Abuse & Treatment and Intervention: What may correct an abusive siutation?
Relieving the caregiver’s stress and providing additional resources
Rape and Sexual Assault: What is rape?
The perpetration of an act of sexual intercourse with a person against their will and without their consent, whetehr that will is overcome by force, fear of force, drugs, or intoxicants
Rape and Sexual Assault: what else may make something rape?
If victim is incapable of exercising rational judgement because of mental deficiency or because they’re younger than age of consent
Rape and Sexual Assault: What is sodomy?
sexual intercourse involve anal or oral copulation
Rape and Sexual Assault: What is the problem with same-sex abuse?
Seven states define domestic violence in a way that excludes same-sex victims
Rape and Sexual Assault: What is date rape?
May occur on a first date, ride home from party, when two people have known each other for somem times.
Rape and Sexual Assault & Dynamics of Rape: What is rape generally accepted to be ?
Is not a sexual crime but rather the perpetrator’s exertion of power, control, infliction of pain, or punishment for perceived wrongs
Rape and Sexual Assault & Dynamics of Rape: WWhat does Feminist theory propose?
That women have historicallt served as objects of aggression, dating back to when women were legally the property of men
Rape and Sexual Assault & Dynamics of Rape: What happened in 1982 for the first time?
Married man was convicted of raping his wife, signlaing an end of notion that sexual intercourse could not be denied in context of marriage
Rape and Sexual Assault & Dynamics of Rape: What are some medical problems that can result from this?
Include acute injury, sexually transmitted diseases, pregnancy, and lingering medical complaints
Rape and Sexual Assault & Dynamics of Rape: What did a cross-sectional study f medical patients show?
Women who had been raped rates themselves as significantly less healthy, visited physician twice as often, and incurred medical costs twice as high as those who did not
Rape and Sexual Assault & Dynamics of Rape: What changes can occur in a woman after rape?
Experience depression, anxiety, PTSD, sexual dysfunction, insomnoa, and impaired memory
Rape and Sexual Assault & Dynamics of Rape: What are some common myths about rape?
Rape is about having sex
Women who dress bad ask for sex
If woman has orgasm, it can’t be rape
Rape is exciting for some women
Rape and Sexual Assault & Assessment: When should physical examiniation occur?
BEfore victim has showered, brushed teeth, douched, changes clothes, or had anything to drink
Rape and Sexual Assault & Assessment: If there is no report of oral sex, what may be permitted immediately?
Rinsing the mouth or drinking fluids
Rape and Sexual Assault & Assessment: How can a nurse assess the patients phsyical status?
Asks the victim to describe what happened. If they can’t, nurse may ask needed questions gently and with care
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: Victims of rape fare best when what happens?
They receive imediate support and can express fear and rage to family members, nurses, physicians, and law enforcement officials who believe them
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What are some examples of characteristics of people who are likely to commit dating violence?
Expressing negativity about women, acting tough, engaging in heavy drinking, exhibiting jealously, making belittling comments
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What are some warning signs of relationship violence?
Emotionally abuses yo
Tell you with who you may be friends with
Talk negatively about women
Jealous for no reason
Drinks heavily/uses drugs
Acts in an intimidating way to invade personal space
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What are rape treatment centers?
Emergency services that coordinate psychiatric, gynecologic, and physical trauma services in one locationa dn work with law enforcement agencies
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What are some ways that the nurse can give as much control as possible back to victim?
Allowing them to make their decisions when possible about whom to call, what to do next, what she would like done
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: It is the victims decision to determine what?
Whether or not to file charges and testify against the perpetrator
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What is offered for STDs?
Prophylactic tx. It is cosst-effective and many victims will not return to get definitive tests.
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: Why is HIV testing encouraged at specific intervals?
Because seroconversion to postiive status does not occur immediately
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What may be offered to prevent pregnancy?
Prophylaxis with ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel (Ovrall)
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What do rape crisis centers, advocacy groups and other local resources often provide?
A counselor or volunteer to be with the victim from the emergency department through the longer-term follow up
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What services does the counselor or volunteer provide?
Emotional support services, such as advocate for victim and can be totally available for the victim
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: What does therapy usually focus on?
Approach and focuses on restoring the victims ense fo control, relieving feelings of helplessness, dependency, and obsession with the assault that frequently follow rape along with regaining trust
Rape and Sexual Assault & Treatment and Intervention: How long doese it typically take to regain previous levels of functioning?
1 year or more
Community Violence: In an effort to combat violence at school, CDC has been working with schools to develop what?
Curricula that emphasize problem-solving skills, anger management, and social skills development
Community Violence: What is Ostracism?
Ignoring and exclusing a target individual, and has emerged as one of the more common and damaging forms of bullying
Community Violence: What does a victim facing ostracism experience?
Experiences treats to belonging, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and sense of control
Community Violence: Kids who were bullied reported more what?
Loneliness and difficulty making friends and they were more likely to have poor grades and use alcohol and tobacco
Community Violence: Hazing has reported negative consequences sucha s what?
Fighting, being injured, hurting other people, doing poorly in school, dificulty eating, sleeping, or concentrating.
The US DEpartment of Health and Human Services has identified violence and abusive behaviors as what?
National health conceerns
Who are most likely victims of abuse and violence?
Women and children
Characteristics of violent families include
an intergenerational transmission process, social isolation, power and control, and use of alcohol and other drugs
Spousal abuse may fall into what categories?
Emotional, physical, sexual, or all three
Women have difficulty leaving abusive relationships because why?
Financial and emotional dependence on the abusers and ecause of the risk of suffering increased violence or death
Nurses in various setting can uncover abuuse how?
By asking women about their safety in relationships. MAny hospitals and clinics now ask women about safety issues
Half of reported rapes are reported on who?
By someone the victim knows
How many children are affected by child abuse?
3 million
Victims of rape do best when?
They receive imediate support and can express fear and rage to family, friends, health care providers and law enforcement officials who believe and will lsiten to them
Important self-awareness issues for the nurse include what?
Managing his or her own feelings and reactions about abuse, being willing to ask about abuse, adn recognizing and dealing witha ny abuse issues he or she may have experienced personally
