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PSY 314 > Exam 3 - Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Exam 3 - Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

_____ - behavior intended to injure another

A

aggression

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2
Q

_____ - behavior intended to demonstrate dominance or confidence

A

assertiveness

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3
Q

_____ ____ - behavior intended to hurt someone without face-to-face confrontation

A

indirect aggression

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4
Q

_____ ____- behavior intendeds to hurt someone to his or her face either verbally or physically

A

direct aggression

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5
Q

_____ - hurtful behavior that stems from angry feelings

A

emotional aggression

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6
Q

_____ - hurting another person to accomplish some other goal

A

instrumental aggression

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7
Q

throwing a chair at a coworker at blind rage is an example of _______; while purposely tripping the start player on the opposing team is an example of ______

A

emotional aggression; instrumental aggression

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8
Q

true or false: levels of aggression specifically on sex differences depend on individual definitions for aggression

A

true - men are more likely to take part in physical aggression such as assault and murder, however women are more likely to participate in indirect aggression like ‘talking shit’

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9
Q

why are women less likely to part in physical aggression in comparison to men?

A

women are physically smaller and not as strong as men, therefore instead of direct aggression they participate more in indirect aggression

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10
Q

what are some reasons to be aggressive?

A

-influence people
-gain power
-dominance over others
-create impression of toughness
-gain money
-gain social approval
-discharge negative feelings

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11
Q

what is the “life instinct” and “death instinct” in relation to why people act aggressively?

A

the idea that individuals act aggressively as an instinct to survival when necessary, and NOT to act aggressively in certain situations when it might get them in trouble rather than benefit

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12
Q

_____ - indirect expression of an aggressive impulse towards a person or animal who did not cause feelings of aggression

A

displacement

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13
Q

______ - idea that aggressive impulses build up and they need to be released

A

catharsis-aggression theory

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14
Q

____ - discharge of aggressive impulses

A

catharsis

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15
Q

why would consuming violent media increase the violent behaviors of viewers?

A

idea that we exhibit behaviors that we observe, therefore is we consume media with violent behavior we are more likely to take part in those behaviors in comparison to someone who does not consume the same violent media

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16
Q

in what ways in aggressive behavior a strategy for survival?

A

controlling territory, dividing limited resources, and defend young

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17
Q

what are the four main functions that aggression serves?

A

to cope with feelings of annoyance, to gain material or social rewards, to gain or maintain status, and to protect oneself and members

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18
Q

______ - theory that aggression is an automatic response to any blocking of goal directed behavior, this theory implies that someone who is acting aggressively was frustrated prior or that when frustrated and act of aggression will follow

A

frustration-aggression theory

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19
Q

______ - theory that any unpleasant stimulation will lead to emotional aggression to the extent that it generates unpleasant feelings

A

reformulated frustration-aggression theory

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20
Q

what are the main forms of unpleasant stimulation that contributes to the ‘negative feelings’ of reformulated frustration-aggression hypothesis ?

A

frustration, pain, heat

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21
Q

true or false: ‘unpleasant feelings’ may or may not lead to overtly aggressive behavior

A

true - even though ‘unpleasant feelings’ such as frustration, pain, and heat can increase the likelihood that someone will take part in aggressive behavior, it ultimately comes down to the person and situation

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22
Q

_____ - theory that anger is physiologically similar to other emotional states and that any forma of emotional arousal can enhance aggressive response

A

excitation-transfer theory

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23
Q

_____ - a group of personality characteristics, including time-urgency and competitiveness

A

Type A behavior pattern

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24
Q

how does a Type B personality look like?

A

more laid back approach to deadlines and competition in comparison to Type A personality

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25
Q

_____- the feeling that one has less than others who one compares ourselves to

A

relative deprivation

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26
Q

the fact that # of lynching increased as the economy got progressively worse is an example of what concept?

A

relative deprivation - white people were not doing so good economically, therefore they had to take it out on black, being the ones they constantly compared themselves to, to make themselves feel better

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27
Q

______ - theory that any unpleasant situation triggers a complex chain of internal events, including negative thoughts

A

cognitive - neoassociation theory

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28
Q

true or false: when people get annoyed they change their way of thinking

A

true - this is in relation to the cognitive-neoassociatio theory, feelings of annoyance being the unpleasantness that changes the way we process things internally

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29
Q

if negative feelings are more associated with fearful thoughts and associations, an individual is more likely to flight or fight?

A

flight

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30
Q

if negative feeling are more associated with angry thoughts and associations, an individual is more likely to flight or fight?

A

fight

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31
Q

______ - tendency for weapons, such as guns, to enhance aggressive thoughts, feelings, and actions

A

weapons effect

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32
Q

true or false: some people create their own annoying situations

A

true - some people choose situations that match their personal characteristics, for example a Type A person would choose situations they can engage in competitive and urgent matters

33
Q

Al Capone resulted to aggressive behaviors, such as killing, to gain power and material benefits this goes to show ……

A

how people may take part in aggressive behaviors to gain material and social rewards

34
Q

______- theory that aggression is learned through direct reward or by watching others being rewards for aggressive behaviors

A

social learning theory

35
Q

what is in example that exemplifies how rewards for aggressive behaviors may come INDIRECTLY

A

the experiment by Bandura, where kids saw people act aggressively towards a bobo doll and be rewarded so then they acted aggressively towards the bobo doll as well

36
Q

______ - individual characterized by impulsivity, irresponsibility, low empathy, grandiose self-worth, and lack of sensitivity to punishment. such individuals are inclined to act aggressively for personal gain

A

psychopath

37
Q

_____- sharing emotions of another

A

empathy

38
Q

individuals who experience high levels of empathy are most likely to ….

A

put themselves in others shoes

39
Q

how does alcohol intoxication affect empathy

A

alcohol intoxication turns off normal empathetic feelings, lowering empathy levels and lack of concern for others, contributing to the link between aggressiveness and alcohol

40
Q

______ - narrow focus of attention on whatever seem most important to the person at the moment, for example Snooki when intoxicated looking for Gionni

A

alcohol myopia

41
Q

_______- statistical combination of results from different studies of the same topic; discovering commonalities across studies

A

meta-analyses

42
Q

what form of violence does porn glamorize?

A

rape

43
Q

status linked aggression has to do w what 3 concepts?

A

sexual selection, testosterone, and southern culture of honor

44
Q

______- the principle that animals making higher investment in their offspring [females more than males] will be more careful in choosing mates

A

differential parental investment

45
Q

______- form of natural selection where animals favor characteristics that assist in attracting mates or competing w members of their own sex, ultimately increasing the chances of finding a mate

A

sexual selection

46
Q

true or false: males have greater quantities of testosterone in blood streams than women

A

true

47
Q

” a greater percentage of male murderers are motivated by the desire to retaliate for previous insult or put down”, correlates to what concept

A

culture of honor

48
Q

_____- a set of norm w the idea that people (men) should ready to defend their honor w violent retaliation if necessary

A

culture of honor

49
Q

true or false: it used to be hard to get a conviction in the south if the victim had insulted the perpetuator

A

true - this is due to the influence of ‘culture of honor’ that exists in the south

50
Q

male struggle for dominance is linked to what

A

linked w successful reproduction, aka getting a girl

51
Q

what two factors combine to contribute to the highest levels of delinquency

A

low socioeconomic status and high levels of testosterone

52
Q

true or false: people w low self esteem are more aggressive than those w high self esteem

A

false - those w high self esteem are more aggressive because of their over inflated personality

53
Q

why are the ‘most aggressive children’ just frightened instead of being heartless?

A

because these children tend to be overly emotional and they have the tendency to perceive others to be threatening

54
Q

_______- tendency to notice threats and to interpret other people’s behavior to do harm

A

defensive attributional style

55
Q

true or false: men are likely to kill their partners as a pattern of harassment and attempted control, while women are likely to kill their partners as self-defense

A

true

56
Q

______- assessment of the likely beneficial effect of aggressiveness balanced abasing the likely dangers

A

effect/danger ratio

57
Q

how does the effect/danger ratio link to women aggression

A

there is a misconception that women do not get as angry as men because they do not exhibit aggressive behaviors to the extent that men do, however that is wrong because women take into account “effect/danger ratio” as they are typically smaller in size and have less strength then men so they exhibit their aggressiveness in other ways

58
Q

true or false: when gender is taken away, women act as violently/aggressively as men do

A

true

59
Q

true or false: a child who views the world more aggressively acts to create the world more aggressively

A

true - we exhibit what we see, especially children because they copy whatever behaviors they witness

60
Q

guns purchased for ‘self-defense’ are more likely to be used against who

A

used against friends or acquaintances

61
Q

true or false: guns in the home lead to more suicides than homicides

A

true

62
Q
  1. alternate techniques for gaining rewards
  2. teaching was to handle annoyance and unpleasant arousal
  3. punishing aggressive behaviors
A

all ways reduce angry arousal

63
Q

instead of placing money and effort into catching criminal we should instead use those efforts to prevent violence before it even happens, some possible ways are …..

A

establish a curfew for young trouble makers and policy that reflects gun control

64
Q

the 3 criteria for defining behavior

A
  1. aggression is a behavior
  2. intended or purposeful
  3. behavior is aimed at hurting another
65
Q

aggression is an evolutionary productive because ….

A

it enables survival

66
Q

what is the common assumption in regards to gender and aggression

A

that men are more aggressive than women, however that is not entirely true because both are just as aggressive they just exhibit aggression differently

67
Q

true or false: men are more likely to put their hands on their aromatic partners

A

false- women are more likely to do so

68
Q

______ is a behavior intended to injure another person
a) assertiveness
b) deviance
c) aggression
d) anger

A

c) aggression

69
Q

An individual founds out he lost his job. The next day, he storms into the office where he used to work at and shoots some of his coworkers because he was “just so angry at all of them”. This action is an example of
a) indirect aggression
b) assertive aggression
c) emotional aggression
d) instrumental aggression

A

c) emotional aggression

70
Q

The tendency for weapons, such as guns, to enhance aggressive thoughts, feelings, and actions is known as the
a) weapons effect
b) excitation-transfers effect
c) anger displacement effect
d) hostility effect

A

a) weapons effect

71
Q

true or false: iron promotes sexual violence towards women; specifically rape

A

true

72
Q

An individual who is characterized by lack of empathy for others, a grandiose sense of self-worth, and a lack of of sensitivity to punishment is known as a
a) psychopath
b) frustrated aggressor
c) schizophrenic
d) xenophobe

A

a) psychopath

73
Q

A researcher wants to know if exercise decreases depression. Dozens of studies that test this relationship have been conducted, so the researcher wants to combine them all to investigate the issue. The best methodology is
a) meta-analyses
b) experience sampling
c) archival studies
d) a field experiment

A

a) meta-analyses

74
Q

the evolutionary principle that the gender that contributes more resources to the upbringing and care of offspring will be more careful in selecting a mate is known as
a) sexual selection
b) resource allocation
c) biparental care
d) differential parental investment

A

d) differential parental investment

75
Q

Dr. Jones wants to increase aggressive tendencies in her experimental participants. Which of the following substances could she use to increase aggressive tendencies?
a) progesterone
b) oxytocin
c) testosterone
d) dopamine

A

c) testosterone

76
Q

A tendency to notice a threat and to interpret other people’s behaviors as intended to cause harm is called
a) hostile instrumentality
b) self-serving bias
c) defensive attributional style
d) threat monitoring

A

c) defensive attributional style

77
Q

According to your textbook, what is the effect of having a gun in the home for self-protection?
a) gun owners are less likely to be robbed
b) gun owners increase their own likelihood of being killed
c) gun owners are two times less likely to be killed in their own homes
d) gun owners become more paranoid of being robbed

A

b) gun owners increases their own likelihood of being killed

78
Q

Which of the following actions is an example of aggression?
A) teasing someone as a joke
B) being very angry at someone
C) physically attacking someone
D) all of the above

A

c) physically attacking someone

PSY 314 (10 decks)

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