Exam 1 - Ch 1 Flashcards
what is social psychology
scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, & behaviors are influenced by people
scientific explanation that connects and organizes existing observations and suggest fruitful paths for future research
theories
what are the four major theoretical perspectives of social psychology
sociocultural, evolutionary, social learning, and social cognitive
perspective that view that person’s prejudices, preferences, and political persuasiveness are affected by factors that work at the level of the group - nationality, social class, current historical trends
sociocultural
rule or expectation for appropriate social behavior
social norm
beliefs, customs, habits, language shared by a group of people
culture
perspective where human social behavior is explained by physical and psychological predispositions that helped our ancestors survive
evolutionary perspective
what drives the evolutionary perspective
natural selection
what are adaptations in terms of natural selection
changes made in order to survive
perspective where social behavior is driven by each individual’s past learning experiences
social learning perspective
perspective where people choose what events to pay attention to, what interpretations to make, how to store memories - interaction between inner experience and outside world
social cognitive perspective
what are the 2 broad principles shared by different perspectives
goal oriented and continual interaction
how is goal orientation related to social behavior
idea that people interact w one another to achieve a goal or to satisfy an inner motivation
how is continual interaction related to social behavior
idea of continual interaction between the individual and the situation
establish social ties, understand ourselves or others, gain and maintain status, defend ourselves and those we value, attract and retain mates: examples of?
goals that drive our social behavior
what are some examples of features or characteristics a ‘person’ carries into a social situation
height, sex, introverted/extroveted
what does the ‘situation’ refer to
the environmental or circumstances outside of the person
what are the two categories used by psychologists to study social behavior
descriptive and experimental
method of measuring or recording behaviors, thoughts, feelings in their natural state
descriptive
method where there is a procedure for uncovering casual processes by manipulating a variable
experimental
naturalistic observation, case studies, archives, surveys, and psychological tests are all examples of what
descriptive methods
recording everyday behaviors as they infold in their natural setting
naturalistic observations
intensive examination of one individual or group
case study
examination of systematic data originally collected for other purposes
archival method
technique in which researcher asks people to report on their beliefs, feelings, or behaviors
survey method
instrument for assessing a person’s abilities, cognition, or motivations
psychological tests
true or false: reliability is to consistency to results while validity is correctly measuring what its supposed to
true
concept: extent to which two or more variables are associated w one another
correlation
what is correlation coefficient
mathematical expression of the relationship bt two variables
what is the range for correlation coefficients
negative 1 to positive 1
research method in which the research sets out to systematically manipulate one variable and holding others constant
experiment
true or false: internal validity has to do with the confidence of cause and effect
true
true or false: external validity has to do w generalized to public
true
what is demand characteristics
expectations on how to behave
true or false: social psychology is an interdisciplinary bridge-used to understand other areas in psychology
true
true or false: experimental methods are the only way to truly prove causation between variables
true
what are the ethical issues concerning social psychological research
comprising the wellbeing of participants
