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PSY 314 > Exam 1 - Ch 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the force that moves people towards a desired outcome

A

motivation

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2
Q

a desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish

A

goal

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3
Q

what is an example of automaticity

A

driving home for the 100th time

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4
Q

process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment

A

attention

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5
Q

ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance

A

automaticity

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6
Q

true or false: when told not to think about something it’s hard not to

A

true

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7
Q

true or false: an emergent danger or threat can cause use to shift thoughts

A

true

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8
Q

smelling a perfume and thinking of your mom is an example of what

A

sensory memory

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9
Q

what is an exemplar

A

mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual

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10
Q

what is a schema

A

abstract idea about something, a person, a place, or thing

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11
Q

process of activating knowledge or goals, making them ready for use

A

priming

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12
Q

when something is easily activated, primed, ready for use

A

chronically accessible

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13
Q

true or false: chronically accessible are those thoughts that come to mind more easily than others

A

true

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14
Q

what are the three general types of feelings

A

attitudes, emotions, and moods

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15
Q

favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea

A

attitude

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16
Q

relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions

A

emotions

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17
Q

what are some examples of emotions

A

fear, joy, anger, guilt

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18
Q

feelings that are less focused and longer lasting than emotions

A

mood

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19
Q

why may some individuals not accurately or truly report their feelings

A

because depending in the situation or setting they may be inappropriate or undesirable

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20
Q

what are some psychological measures used to asses feelings

A

blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, sweating - PET Scan and fMRI

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21
Q

true or false: our genes give us certain emotions, moods, and attitudes

A

true

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22
Q

human tendency of imagining alternative versions of events that have already ocurres - the “what ifs”

A

counterfactual thinking

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23
Q

what is the primary role of emotions

A

to alert us when something is not normal

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24
Q

true or false: our attitudes on something may cause us to quickly approach something or avoid something

A

true

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25
Q

true or false: moods prepare us to deal w current emotions

A

true

26
Q

positive emotions have what effect on physical stress caused by negative life events

A

positive emotions DECREASE stress

27
Q

true or false: feelings are NECESSARY and FUNCTIONAL

A

true

28
Q

what is the self concept

A

mental representation capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves

29
Q

our attitude toward ourselves

A

self-esteem

30
Q

if we have positive feelings about ourselves then we are more likely to have a ________

A

higher self esteem

31
Q

if we have negative feelings towards ourselves then we are more likely to have a _________

A

lower self esteem

32
Q

true or false: we all have different selves, that are linked to different roles such as being a mom, being a daughter, being a wife

A

true

33
Q

true or false: we have a self linked to the future - the person we hope to become

A

true

34
Q

what is the collective self

A

the self that belongs to different groups - women, Mexican, Latina

35
Q

where does the self concept and self esteem come from

A

processes such as social comparison, reflected appraisal process, and self perception processes

36
Q

what is the social comparison

A

process where people learn about themselves by comprising abilities, attitudes, and beliefs

37
Q

what is reflected appraisal process

A

what we think of ourselves through other’s opinions or thoughts about us

38
Q

what is self perception process

A

where people observe their own behavior to infer their characteristics

39
Q

true or false: we want others to view us the way we view ourselves

A

true

40
Q

the process through which people select, monitor, and adjust their strategies in attempt to reach their goals

A

self-regulation

41
Q

what is self-presentation

A

process where we try to control the impressions people form of us

42
Q

an opportunity or threat provided by a situation

A

affordance

43
Q

what are descriptive norms

A

a norm that defines behavior people typically perform in a given situation

44
Q

phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others bc everyone acts inconsistently w their beliefs

A

pluralistic ignorance

45
Q

the whole class is confused or lost during lecture, however no one wants to speak up and ask questions - the professor may perceive that everyone understand the content when in reality that is not the case

A

pluralistic ignorance

46
Q

what is an injuctive norm

A

a norm that describes what is commonly approved or disappointed in situation

47
Q

situations in which certain events are expected to occur in a particular sequence

A

scripted sequence

48
Q

what are strong situations

A

situations that have more obvious inductive and scripted norms, narrower range of opportunities

49
Q

situations that lack clear descriptive norms and have wide range of opportunities

A

weak situations

50
Q

where is a place that is a WEAK situation

A

nightclubs or bars

51
Q

in this culture members think of themselves as individuals and give priority ti personal beliefs

A

individualistic culture

52
Q

what is the culture where members view themselves as a part of a group and through their relationships

A

collectivistic cultures

53
Q

what is the person-situation fit

A

extent to which a person and situation are compatible

54
Q

true or false: situations CAN choose the person

A

true

55
Q

process whereby a culture teaches its members about its beliefs, customs, habits, and language

A

socialization

56
Q

what is thought suppression

A

purposely not trying to think about something

57
Q

true or false: motives push us towards achieving our goals

A

true

58
Q

what are attunements

A

skill sets that make you better fit for certain situations

59
Q

true or false: different situations prime different parts of a person

A

true

60
Q

what is way a person can change a situation

A

a disagreement can lead to initiate change

61
Q

what is an obvious way a situation can change a person

A

car accident can cause a person brain damage

PSY 314 (10 decks)

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