Exam 1 - Ch 2 Flashcards
the force that moves people towards a desired outcome
motivation
a desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish
goal
what is an example of automaticity
driving home for the 100th time
process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment
attention
ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance
automaticity
true or false: when told not to think about something it’s hard not to
true
true or false: an emergent danger or threat can cause use to shift thoughts
true
smelling a perfume and thinking of your mom is an example of what
sensory memory
what is an exemplar
mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual
what is a schema
abstract idea about something, a person, a place, or thing
process of activating knowledge or goals, making them ready for use
priming
when something is easily activated, primed, ready for use
chronically accessible
true or false: chronically accessible are those thoughts that come to mind more easily than others
true
what are the three general types of feelings
attitudes, emotions, and moods
favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea
attitude
relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions
emotions
what are some examples of emotions
fear, joy, anger, guilt
feelings that are less focused and longer lasting than emotions
mood
why may some individuals not accurately or truly report their feelings
because depending in the situation or setting they may be inappropriate or undesirable
what are some psychological measures used to asses feelings
blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, sweating - PET Scan and fMRI
true or false: our genes give us certain emotions, moods, and attitudes
true
human tendency of imagining alternative versions of events that have already ocurres - the “what ifs”
counterfactual thinking
what is the primary role of emotions
to alert us when something is not normal
true or false: our attitudes on something may cause us to quickly approach something or avoid something
true
true or false: moods prepare us to deal w current emotions
true
positive emotions have what effect on physical stress caused by negative life events
positive emotions DECREASE stress
true or false: feelings are NECESSARY and FUNCTIONAL
true
what is the self concept
mental representation capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves
our attitude toward ourselves
self-esteem
if we have positive feelings about ourselves then we are more likely to have a ________
higher self esteem
if we have negative feelings towards ourselves then we are more likely to have a _________
lower self esteem
true or false: we all have different selves, that are linked to different roles such as being a mom, being a daughter, being a wife
true
true or false: we have a self linked to the future - the person we hope to become
true
what is the collective self
the self that belongs to different groups - women, Mexican, Latina
where does the self concept and self esteem come from
processes such as social comparison, reflected appraisal process, and self perception processes
what is the social comparison
process where people learn about themselves by comprising abilities, attitudes, and beliefs
what is reflected appraisal process
what we think of ourselves through other’s opinions or thoughts about us
what is self perception process
where people observe their own behavior to infer their characteristics
true or false: we want others to view us the way we view ourselves
true
the process through which people select, monitor, and adjust their strategies in attempt to reach their goals
self-regulation
what is self-presentation
process where we try to control the impressions people form of us
an opportunity or threat provided by a situation
affordance
what are descriptive norms
a norm that defines behavior people typically perform in a given situation
phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others bc everyone acts inconsistently w their beliefs
pluralistic ignorance
the whole class is confused or lost during lecture, however no one wants to speak up and ask questions - the professor may perceive that everyone understand the content when in reality that is not the case
pluralistic ignorance
what is an injuctive norm
a norm that describes what is commonly approved or disappointed in situation
situations in which certain events are expected to occur in a particular sequence
scripted sequence
what are strong situations
situations that have more obvious inductive and scripted norms, narrower range of opportunities
situations that lack clear descriptive norms and have wide range of opportunities
weak situations
where is a place that is a WEAK situation
nightclubs or bars
in this culture members think of themselves as individuals and give priority ti personal beliefs
individualistic culture
what is the culture where members view themselves as a part of a group and through their relationships
collectivistic cultures
what is the person-situation fit
extent to which a person and situation are compatible
true or false: situations CAN choose the person
true
process whereby a culture teaches its members about its beliefs, customs, habits, and language
socialization
what is thought suppression
purposely not trying to think about something
true or false: motives push us towards achieving our goals
true
what are attunements
skill sets that make you better fit for certain situations
true or false: different situations prime different parts of a person
true
what is way a person can change a situation
a disagreement can lead to initiate change
what is an obvious way a situation can change a person
car accident can cause a person brain damage
