exam 3 ch. 14

Question 1

intracellular vs extracellular

Answer 1

intra: inside cells (2/3 of water in body)
extra: outside cells (1/3)

Question 2

compartments in the body

Answer 2

interstitial fluid and intravascular fluid

Question 3

fluid balance regulation

Answer 3

kidneys are main regulators, sodium-potassium pump, osmosis

Question 4

water

Answer 4

functions: maintains blood volume, produces fluids, forms lubricants
sources: beverages, fruits/veggies
balance: needs are met when input/output are balanced
deficiency: dehydration
toxicity: hypoatremia

Question 5

sodium

Answer 5

functions: aids in water balance, absorb glucose
sources: sodium chloride, salt
deficiency: hyponatremia is a sign
toxicity: hypertension, heart disease, stroke

Question 6

potassium

Answer 6

functions: major cation in cell, same functions as sodium
sources: fruits, veggies, meats, grain
deficiency: hypokalemia
excess: hyperkalemia

Question 7

chloride

Answer 7

functions: extracellular anion, fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission
sources: table salt
deficiency: rare (vomiting/poor diet)

Question 8

hypertension

Answer 8

health impacts: high blood pressure
risk factors: age, race, obesity, physical inactivity
DASH diet: low in saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol high in fruits, veggies, low fat dairy